Full Paper View Go Back

Water Treatment Operations: Case Study of Mada Water Works

Abdulhalim Musa Abubakar1 , Yahuza Adamu Mazawaje2 , Muraina Basiru Olayinka3 , Ehime Irene Itamah4 , Okoh Chibuike Francis5 , Usman Yakubu Bukar6

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp.21-37, Sep-2022


Online published on Sep 30, 2022


Copyright © Abdulhalim Musa Abubakar, Yahuza Adamu Mazawaje, Muraina Basiru Olayinka, Ehime Irene Itamah, Okoh Chibuike Francis, Usman Yakubu Bukar . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

View this paper at   Google Scholar | DPI Digital Library


XML View     PDF Download

How to Cite this Paper

  • IEEE Citation
  • MLA Citation
  • APA Citation
  • BibTex Citation
  • RIS Citation

IEEE Style Citation: Abdulhalim Musa Abubakar, Yahuza Adamu Mazawaje, Muraina Basiru Olayinka, Ehime Irene Itamah, Okoh Chibuike Francis, Usman Yakubu Bukar, “Water Treatment Operations: Case Study of Mada Water Works,” World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.3, pp.21-37, 2022.

MLA Style Citation: Abdulhalim Musa Abubakar, Yahuza Adamu Mazawaje, Muraina Basiru Olayinka, Ehime Irene Itamah, Okoh Chibuike Francis, Usman Yakubu Bukar "Water Treatment Operations: Case Study of Mada Water Works." World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences 9.3 (2022): 21-37.

APA Style Citation: Abdulhalim Musa Abubakar, Yahuza Adamu Mazawaje, Muraina Basiru Olayinka, Ehime Irene Itamah, Okoh Chibuike Francis, Usman Yakubu Bukar, (2022). Water Treatment Operations: Case Study of Mada Water Works. World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, 9(3), 21-37.

BibTex Style Citation:
@article{Abubakar_2022,
author = {Abdulhalim Musa Abubakar, Yahuza Adamu Mazawaje, Muraina Basiru Olayinka, Ehime Irene Itamah, Okoh Chibuike Francis, Usman Yakubu Bukar},
title = {Water Treatment Operations: Case Study of Mada Water Works},
journal = {World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences},
issue_date = {9 2022},
volume = {9},
Issue = {3},
month = {9},
year = {2022},
issn = {2347-2693},
pages = {21-37},
url = {https://www.isroset.org/journal/WAJES/full_paper_view.php?paper_id=2936},
publisher = {IJCSE, Indore, INDIA},
}

RIS Style Citation:
TY - JOUR
UR - https://www.isroset.org/journal/WAJES/full_paper_view.php?paper_id=2936
TI - Water Treatment Operations: Case Study of Mada Water Works
T2 - World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences
AU - Abdulhalim Musa Abubakar, Yahuza Adamu Mazawaje, Muraina Basiru Olayinka, Ehime Irene Itamah, Okoh Chibuike Francis, Usman Yakubu Bukar
PY - 2022
DA - 2022/09/30
PB - IJCSE, Indore, INDIA
SP - 21-37
IS - 3
VL - 9
SN - 2347-2693
ER -

225 Views    114 Downloads    52 Downloads
  
  

Abstract :
Design and working principles of water treatment plants in other parts of the world, as well as in Nigeria are different and requires extensive study. This work looks at current trends undergone in water treatment plants in contrast with the one obtainable at Mada Water Works (MWW) in North Central, Nigeria. Because, majority of these plants including the MWW apply obsolete techniques and equipment, as they were built in the early 1980s and 1990s. Previous research only looks at metallic contamination levels of the Mada River which serve MWW with unclean raw water. Hence, this work entails an in-depth study of the plant’s modus operandi, challenges faced and ways of solving them. Studies shows that the entire treatment plant needs a complete turnaround to prevent it from eminent system collapse. The attention of researchers is therefore drawn to the treatment plant’s various unit operation in order to address challenges facing their functionality.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Mada River, Water treatment, Surface water, Scraper bridges, Nasarawa

References :
[1] Blytheweigh, “River Mada, Nasarawa State, Nigeria,” Hudson Inst. Minerol., 2021, Accessed: Feb. 04, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.mindat.org.
[2] A. T. Ogah, K. A. Abiola, J. I. Magaji, E. O. Ijeogu, and O. D. Opaluwa, “Flood risk assessment of River Mada: A case study of Akwanga local government area of Nasarawa state, Nigeria,” Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 407–416, 2013, [Online]. Available: www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com.
[3] T. B. Wokhe, “Heavy metals pollution of water and sediment in Mada River, Nigeria,” J. Sci. Res. Reports, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 157–164, 2015, doi: 10.9734/JSRR/2015/14803.
[4] K. I. Samaila and N. L. Binbol, “Hydrology and Water Resources,” in Geographical Perspective on Nasarawa State, 2006, pp. 54–59.
[5] M. O. Aremu, B. O. Atolaiye, B. L. Gav, O. D. Opaluwa, D. U. Sangari, and P. C. Madu, “Metal concentrations in sediments and water from Rivers Doma, Farinruwa and Mada in Nasarawa State, Nigeria,” J. Environ. Chem. Ecotoxicol., vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 242–249, 2011, [Online]. Available: http://www.academicjournals.org/jece.
[6] Branches, “S.C.C. Nigeria Ltd Abuja Contact Details,” S. C. C. (Nigeria) Limited, 2021. https://branches.com.ng/branch-detail/Industrial-Services-Companies-in-Nigeria-S.C.C.-Nigeria-Ltd-Abuja (accessed Jan. 20, 2022).
[7] Webmaster, “20yrs after, Mada Water Works gets attention,” Daily Trust, Media Trust Limited, Utako District, Abuja, p. 1, Jul. 14, 2014.
[8] A. A. M. Afifi, A. M. M. Sawan, N. H. M. Rizk, and I. E. Mousa, “Characterization of water and sludge produced from different designed clarifiers, case study,” Res. J. Appl. Biotechnol., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 95–103, 2017.
[9] Opseyes, “How to improve your clarifier treatment process.” Ramboll, pp. 1–6, 2020.
[10] G. Crini and E. Lichtfouse, “Advantages and disadvantages of techniques used for wastewater treatment,” Environ. Chem. Lett., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 145–155, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s10311-018-0785-9.
[11] M. N. Idris, W. M. Ali, and E. Suleiman, “Evaluation of water treatment problems: Case study of Maiduguri water treatment plant (MWTP) and Maiduguri environs,” Arid Zo. J. Eng. Technol. Environ., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 630–642, 2017, [Online]. Available: www.azojete.com.ng.
[12] M. Al-Abri et al., “Chlorination disadvantages and alternative routes for biofouling control in reverse osmosis desalination,” NPJ Clean Water, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1–16, 2019, doi: 10.1038/s41545-018-0024-8.
[13] M. N. Bwala, “Effect of irrigational activities on water quality of River Ngadda, Maiduguri-Nigeria,” Sule Lamido Univ. Sci. Technol., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 8–18, 2021.
[14] A. Hyeladi and J. E. Nwagilari, “Assessment of drinking water quality of Alau Dam Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ., vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 1–6, 2014, [Online]. Available: www.ijsrp.org.
[15] L. M. Uwa, “Physiochemical analysis of tap water obtained at Mada Water Works, Gudi-Akwanga, Nasarawa state,” Engineering, 2015, [Online]. Available: www.semanticscholar.org/paper/physiochemical-analysis-of-tap-water-obtained-at-uwa/31d9084ca8001910867b53e858a34302a26f9cb6.
[16] L. M. Uwa, “Heavy metal and microbial analysis of municipal water treatment plant,” Int. J. Biosci. Technol., vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 52–57, 2016.
[17] S. Prathapar, M. Ahmed, S. Al Adawi, and A. A. Sidiari, “Design, construction & evaluation of an ablution water treatment unit in Oman: A case study,” Int. J. Environ. Stud., pp. 1–27, 2006.
[18] E. Sembiring, M. Fajar, and M. Handajani, “Performance of rapid sand filter–single media to remove microplastics,” Water Supply, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 2273–2284, 2021, doi: 10.2166/ws.2021.060.
[19] T. J. Inglis et al., “Burkholderia pseudomallei traced to water treatment plant in Australia,” Emerg. Infect. Dis., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 56–59, 2000, [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2627980/.
[20] I. Krupinska, “Aluminium drinking water treatment residuals and their toxic impact on human health,” Molecules, vol. 25, no. 641, pp. 1–13, 2020, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030641.
[21] P. K. Panda, R. B. Panda, and P. K. Dash, “The river water pollution in India & abroad-A critical review to study the relationship among different physico-chemical parameters,” Am. J. Water Resour., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 25–38, 2018, doi: 10.12691/ajwr-6-1-4.
[22] K. G. Ostrand and G. R. Wilde, “Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity tolerances of five prairie stream fishes and their role in explaining fish assemblage patterns,” Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., vol. 130, pp. 742–749, 2011, doi: https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130%3C0742:TDOAST%3E2.0.CO;2.
[23] Lenntech, “Why oxygen dissolved in water is important,” Lenntech B. V., 2018. https://www.lenntech.com/why_the_oxygen_dissolved_is_important.htm (accessed Jan. 20, 2022).
[24] N. S. Zaidi, K. Muda, L. W. Loan, M. S. Sgawi, and M. A. Abdul Rahman, “Potential of fruit peels in becoming natural coagulant for water treatment,” Int. J. Integr. Eng., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 140–150, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2019.11.01.017.
[25] M. C. Mbaeze, V. E. Agbazue, and N. M. Orjioke, “Comparative assessment of performance of aluminium sulphate (alum) and ferrous sulphate as coagulants in water treatment,” Mod. Chem. Appl., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1–14, 2017, doi: 10.4172/2329-6798.1000233.
[26] V. Kumar, N. Othman, and S. Asharuddin, “Applications of natural coagulants to treat wastewater?A review,” in MATEC Web of Conferences (ISCEE 2016), 2017, vol. 103, no. 06016, pp. 1–9, doi: 10.1051/matecconf/20171030 6016.
[27] D. T. Yonge, “A comparison of aluminum and iron-based coagulants for treatment of surface water in Sarasota County, Florida,” University of Central Florida, 2012.
[28] B. Braginton-Smith et al., “7 common pitfalls when choosing a chemical coagulation water treatment,” WaterOnline, pp. 1–7, 2022, Accessed: Jun. 09, 2022. [Online]. Available: www.wateronline.com/doc-common-pitfalls-when-chemical-coagulation-water-treatment.
[29] ATS, “Alum and ferric chloride: Pros, cons, and substitutes,” ATS Innova Clean Water Solutions, 2017. https://atssmartsolutions.com/ (accessed Jun. 23, 2022).
[30] K. Muda, N. S. A. Ali, U. N. Abdullah, and A. B. Sahir, “Potential use of fruit seeds and plant leaves as coagulation agent in water treatment,” J. Environ. Treat. Tech., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 971–977, 2020, [Online]. Available: http://www.jett.dormaj.com.
[31] N. Al-Jadabi, M. Laaouan, J. Mabrouki, G. Fattah, and S. El Hajjaji, “Comparative study of the coagulation efficacy of Moringa oleifera seeds extracts to alum for domestic wastewater treatment of Ain Aouda City, Morocco,” in E3S Web of Conferences (WMAD21), 2021, vol. 314, no. 08003, pp. 1–6, doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131408003.
[32] F. K. Amagloh and A. Benang, “Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera seed as coagulant for water purification,” African J. Agric. Res., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 119–123, 2009.
[33] E. M. Laviste, “Water disinfection methods-Advantages and disadvantages.” PAWD Water Quality Group, pp. 1–22, 2015.
[34] S. D. Freese and D. J. Nozaic, “Chlorine based disinfectants-How do they compare?,” Waterscience, pp. 1–8, 2003.
[35] S. D. Freese and D. J. Nozaic, “Chlorine-Is it really so bad and what are the alternatives?,” Water Inst. South Africa Bienn. Conf., vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 18–24, 2004, [Online]. Available: http://www.wrc.org.za.
[36] M. A. Gross and K. Farrell-Poe, “University curriculum development for decentralized wastewater management,” in National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project, M. A. Gross and N. E. Deal, Eds. University of Arkansas, 2005, pp. 1–35.
[37] PWP, “Types of chlorine used in water treatment,” 2022. www.purewaterproducts.com/articles-types-of-chlorine-used-in-water-treatment (accessed Jun. 08, 2022).
[38] S. Arendze, M. Letlape, S. Marais, and J. Geldenhuys, “Practical means of solving mud ball problems in sand filter media,” 2014, pp. 1–9.
[39] WNZ, Supply of hydrated lime for use in water treatment, 3rd ed. Water New Zealand, 2016.
[40] A. Rogensues, “What every operator needs to know about about secondary clarification,” Operator Essentials, WE&T, Indianapolis, pp. 46–49, Oct. 2016.
[41] A. G. Ghawi and J. Kriš, “Improvement performance of secondary clarifiers by a computational fluid dynamics model,” Slovak J. Civ. Eng., vol. XIX, no. 4, pp. 1–11, 2011, doi: 10.2478/v10189-011-0017-9.
[42] P. A. Moreno, “Evaluation of factors responsible for high effluent suspended solids events in the Kuwahee wastewater treatment plant,” TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange, 2004.
[43] N. Voutchkov, “Fundamentals of clarifier performance monitoring and control,” vol. 279. SunCam, pp. 1–41, 2017, [Online]. Available: www.suncam.com.
[44] SepticMaxx, “Risks dirty clarifier,” pp. 1–4, 2021, Accessed: Jun. 06, 2022. [Online]. Available: www.septicmaxx.com/blog/risks-dirty-clarifier/.
[45] O. E. Albertson and R. W. Okey, “Evaluating scraper design,” Water Environ. Technol., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 1992.
[46] B. Braginton-Smith et al., “Primary clarifier odor,” WaterOnline, pp. 1–5, 2022, Accessed: Jun. 04, 2022. [Online]. Available: www.wateronline.com/doc-primary-clarifier-odor-0001.
[47] M. Fouad and S. Hassan, “The performance of sludge blanket clarifier against conventional settler under high water turbidity conditions,” Water Pract. Technol., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 642–653, 2018, doi: 10.2166/wpt.2018.079.
[48] J. Kelley, “Clarifier maintenance,” WESTECH Engineering, LLC, 2016. www.westech.inc.com/blog-clarifier-maintenance (accessed Jun. 08, 2022).
[49] VEOLIA, “How to maximize clarifier performance,” COLEpublishing Netw., pp. 1–7, 2022, Accessed: Jun. 05, 2022. [Online]. Available: www.tpomag.com/online_exclusives-2022-03-how-to-maximize-clarifier-performance_s.
[50] Sismat, “Sludge treatment equipment.” Sismat Uluslararas? Ar?tma Makinalar?, pp. 1–13, 2022, [Online]. Available: www.sismat.com.tr/circular-scrapers.
[51] J. T. O’Connor and T. L. O’Connor, “Removal of microorganisms by rapid sand filtration.” Missouri, Columbia, pp. 1–19, 2001.
[52] J. Reijnen, “How does a sand filter work?” Royal Brinkman, pp. 1–6, 2020.
[53] P. Ncube, M. Pidou, and P. Jarvis, “The impact of filter bed depth and solids loading using a multimedia,” Sep. Sci. Technol., vol. 53, no. 14, pp. 2249–2258, 2018, doi: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1439961.
[54] M. Mesquita, F. Ponciano de Deus, R. Testezlaf, and A. V. Diotto, “Removal efficiency of pressurized sand filters during the filtration process,” Desalin. Water Treat., vol. 161, pp. 132–143, 2019, doi: 10.5004/dwt.2019.24285.
[55] B. Braginton-Smith et al., “Fixing a filter backwashing problem,” WaterOnline, pp. 1–4, 2022, Accessed: Jun. 06, 2022. [Online]. Available: www.wateronline.com/doc-fixing-a-filter-backwashing-problem-0001.
[56] R. Patil and M. Chougale, “Perfection in backwashing of rapid sand filter to augment the performance of sand filter system,” Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 6765–6781, 2020.
[57] NZDL, Sourcebook of alternative technologies for freshwater augmentation in small Island developing states. The New Zealand Digital Library (NZDL), 1998.
[58] M. H. Manoj, C. S. Shashiraj, and G. M. Bhosale, “Improvement of performance of rapid sand filter using coconut shell as capping media,” Int. J. Sci. Res., vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 2254–2257, 2014, [Online]. Available: www.ijsr.net.
[59] B. Deboch and K. Faris, “Evaluation on the efficiency of rapid sand filtration,” in Integrated Development for Water Supply and Sanitation (25th WEDC Conference, Addis Ababa), 1999, pp. 280–281.
[60] M. J. Adelman, “The Aguaclara stacked rapid sand filter: A novel unit process and fluidic control system,” Cornell University, 2012.
[61] S. Ward, “What are the biggest problems in wastewater treatment plants?,” Process Engineered Water Equipment (PEWE), 2019. www.pewe.usa.com/blog-biggest-problems-wastewater-treatment- (accessed Jun. 01, 2022).
[62] W. H. Dittoe, “Proper size of sand for rapid sand filters,” Am. J. Public Health, pp. 44–49, 1921.
[63] G. Biradar and S. Shete, “Ask a question,” Sarthaks eConnect, pp. 1–3, 2021, Accessed: Jun. 05, 2022. [Online]. Available: www.sarthaks.com/2578121-following-certain-operating-problems-filter-depth-should-never-depleted-binding-results.
[64] H. A. Abdulkareem, N. Abdullahi, and K. M. Shehu, “Design of a filtration system for a small scale water treatment plant for a rural community around Maiduguri area in Borno state, Nigeria,” Int. J. Eng. Sci. Invent., vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 39–43, 2015, [Online]. Available: www.ijesi.org.
[65] I. Dimitrova and A. Dabrowska, “Chemical rehabilitation of rapid sand filter at Klagshamn WWTP in Malmo,” VATTEN – J. Water Manag. Res., vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 197–203, 2019.
[66] A. R. Rahmani, “Application of self cleaning rapid sand filter in water treatment,” Department of Environmental Health. Hamedan University, pp. 14–22, 1983.
[67] H. R. Kumar, M. Sivasubramani, K. Surya, M. Arun, and M. Ramya, “Experimental study and performance of rapid sand filter by using turmeric-root, coconut-shell and charcoal,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Dev., vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 525–527, 2019, [Online]. Available: www.ijsrd.com.
[68] J. E. Amburgey, A. Y. Alansari, C. R. Amburgey, and D. K. French, “ETSW 2020 & beyond: Optimizing the water treatment process through the backdoor,” 2020.
[69] M. Mustapha, M. Sridhar, and A. O. Coker, “Assessment of water supply system from catchment to consumers as framed in WHO water safety plans: A study from Maiduguri water treatment plant, North East Nigeria,” Sustain. Environ., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2021, doi: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1901389.
[70] A. Ezekiel and A. A. Dominic, “Sources, demand and problems of domestic water in Nassarawa Eggon town, Nigeria,” Pollution, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 55–65, 2015.
[71] S. Attah, “Governor Sule addressing issues of inadequate water supply in Nasarawa,” Business Day, pp. 1–2, Aug. 02, 2019.

Authorization Required

 

You do not have rights to view the full text article.
Please contact administration for subscription to Journal or individual article.
Mail us at  support@isroset.org or view contact page for more details.

Go to Navigation