Development of a Motorized Leafy Vegetable Slicing Machine for Vegetables

Mary Adewale¹ , Abdulganiy Raji² , Adewale Sedara³

1. Dept. of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
2. Dept. of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
3. Dept. of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Iowa, USA.

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp.24-36, Mar-2023

Online published on Mar 31, 2023

Copyright © Mary Adewale, Abdulganiy Raji, Adewale Sedara . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

View this paper at   Google Scholar | DPI Digital Library

XML View     PDF Download

How to Cite this Paper

260 Views    170 Downloads    39 Downloads

Abstract :
In this study, a leafy vegetable slicer machine was developed for the local vegetable consumed in Nigeria, which are Fluted Pumpkin (Ugu), Green Amaranth (Efo Tete), and African Amaranth (Efo Soko). The main parts of the machine are the hopper, slicing unit, sieve, rotating shaft, and transmission unit. Fabricated with locally sourced materials and leafy vegetables were sourced from local farmers. Three-speed levels (300, 500, and 700 rpm) and feeding mass (0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 kg) were used to evaluate the slicing efficiency, percentage retained, and capacity of the machine for the three varieties of leafy vegetables. The highest efficiency of 95.2% was attained at a speed of 500 rpm for the African amaranth variety, and the operating time was 57secs; 94.0% was attained at a speed of 700 rpm for the Fluted pumpkin variety, and the operating time was 79secs and 92.1% was attained at a speed of 700 rpm for Green amaranth variety and the operating time was 57 secs. The machine slicing capacity ranges from 3.58 to 19.28 kg/hr. The highest percentage retained was 49.6%, obtained at a speed of 500 rpm, and the operating time was 64 secs for the African amaranth variety. The result of the Analysis of Variance on the slicing capacity of the three varieties of leafy vegetables shows that speed had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the slicing capacities, while the effect of feeding was not significant, and the effect of speed on the slicing efficiency of the three variants of leafy vegetables was not significant (p<0.05). This equipment can decrease human drudgery and make chopping vegetables much faster and easier.

Key-Words / Index Term :
leafy vegetable, slicer machine, slicer efficiency, Fluted Pumpkin (Ugu), Green Amaranth (Efo Tete), African Amaranth (Efo Soko)

References :
[1] P. C., Agu, Ezeh, E. M. and C. I. Nwosu. "Characterization of Nutritional and Phytochemical Compositions of Locally Consumed Leafy Vegetables from Afikpo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria." Caritas Journal of Physical and Life Sciences, Vol. 1, issue 1, pp. 1-8, 2022.
[2]. E. I. Adeyeye, and F. O., Omolayo. “Chemical composition and functional properties of leaf protein concentrates of Amaranthus hybridus and Telfairiaoccidentalis”. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, Vol. 2, Issue 3: 499-511, 2011
[3]. G. O., Igile, I. A., Iwara, B. I. A., Mgbeje, F. E., Uboh and P. E., Ebong. “Phytochemical, proximate and nutrient composition of vernoniacalvaonahook (Asterecea): A green-leafy vegetable in Nigeria”. Journal of Food Research, Vol. 2, Issue 6, pp. 1-10, 2013.
[4]. I., Maseko, T., Mabhaudhi, S., Tesfay, , H. T., Araya, M., Fezzehazion, and C. P., Du Plooy. “African Leafy Vegetables: A Review of Status, Production and Utilization in South Africa”. Sustainability, Vol. 10, Issue 1, pp. 1-16, 2017.
[5]. E. C., Nwanekezie, and P. N., Obiakor-Okeke. “Mineral Content of Five Tropical Leafy Vegetables and Effect of Holding Methods and Time”. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, Vol. 4, Issue 12: pp. 1708-1717, 2014. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010016
[6]. M. M., Odewole, O.A., Adesoye, and O.A., Shadare. “Determination of some mechanical properties of Ugu seed (Telfairia occidentalis) in relation to the design of cracking machine”. Science Technology and Arts Research Journal, Vol. 4, Issue 3: 187-191, 2015.
[7]. A. M. A., Sakpere, O. T., Oladipo, Y. O., J. O., Mukaila, Ayinde, and O. M., Oluwaniyi. “Indigenous Leafy Vegetables and Health Management in South-Western Nigeria: A Review Based on Osun State”. Food Security and Safety: African Perspectives, Vol. 21, Issue14, pp. 15-134, 2022.
[8]. M. J., Horsfall, and I. A., Spiff. “Equilibrium Sorption Study of A13+, CO2+ and Ag+ in Aqueous Solution by Fluted Pumpkin (Telfaria Occidentalis Hook F) Waste Biomass”. Acta Chemistry of Slovia ,Vol. 1, Issue 52: pp. 174-181, 2005.
[9]. R. L., Sealy, E. L., McWilliams, Novak, J., Fong, F., Kenerley, C. M., Janick, J. and J. E., Simon, (ed.). “Vegetable amaranths: cultivar selection for summer production in the south. Advances in new crops”. Proc. of the first National Symposium ‘New crops: research, development, economics’, Vol. 12, Issue 2, pp. 396–398, 1990.
[10]. J. C., Norman, and V. D., Shongwe. “Influence of some cultural practices on the yield and quality of amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus L.)”. Advance Horticultural Science. Vol. 5, Issue 7: 169–172, 1993.
[11]. J., Allemann, E. V. D., Heever, and J., Viljoen. “Evaluation of Amaranthus as a possible vegetable crop”. Appl. Plant Sci. Vol. 18, Issue 10: 1–4. 1996.
[12]. C., Mapes, F., Basurto, and R. Bye, “(Ethnobotany of quintonil: knowledge, use and management of edible greens Amaranthusspp. (Amaranthaceae) in the Sierra Norte de Puebla, Mexico”. Economical Botony. Vol. 22, Issue 51: 293–306. 1997.
[13]. S. I., Manuwa, A. M., Sedara, and F. A., Tola. “Design, fabrication and performance evaluation of moringa (oleifera) dried leaves pulverizer”. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, Vol 1, Issue 2, pp. 22-34. 2020.
[14]. A., Leo, and A., Balogun. “Design and Performance Evaluation of a Multi-Crop Slicing Machine”. International Symposium on Food Processing, Monitoring Technology in Bioprocesses and Food Quality Management, Potsdam, Germany. Vol. 23, Issue 3, 622-640, 2009.
[15]. V., Singh, M., Das, and S. K., Das. “Effects of knife edge angle and speed on peak force and specific energy when cutting vegetables of diverse texture”. International Journal of Food Studies, Vol 2. Issue 5: pp 22-38. 2016.
[16]. C. N., Anyanwu, C. A., Kalu, V. C., Okonkwo, J. I., Ume, and I., Onyekwelu. “Design and development of fluted pumpkin (Telfaria occidentalis) leaves slicing machine”. Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), Vol. 37, Issue 3: pp 813-817. 2018.
[17]. C. P. N., Awili, B. V., Omidiji, and I. I., Awili. “Design of Manual Vegetable Slicing Machine”. The Nigerian Journal of Research and Production, Vol. 15, Issue 2: pp 1-10. 2009.
[18]. S., Adenekan. “Development of a leafy vegetable cutting machine”. Unpublished B.Eng. thesis submitted to the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. 2013.
[19]. M. O., Adewale. “Modification and Evaluation of a leafy vegetable cutting machine”. Unpublished B.Eng. thesis submitted to the department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. 2014.
[20]. O. S., Kamaldeen, and E. F., Awagu. “Design and Development of a Tomato Manual Slicing Machine, Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute”, International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 14, Issue 7, pp 57-60. 2013.
[21]. O. S., Kamaldeen, K. A., Arowora, J. S., Abioye and E. F., Awagu. “Modification of Manually Operated Tomato Slicing Machine”. International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, Vol. 6, Issue 7: pp. 1933-1938. 2016.
[22]. K. R., Pawar, M. P. D., Ukey, M. P. D., Bhosale, K. B., Ghorpade, R. B., Jadhav, and A. A., Patil. “Development of fruit and vegetable slicing machine”. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 7, Issue 3, 1399-1404, 2020.
[23]. P.D. Kahandage, and R.H.G.R. Wathsala, and D. A. N. Dharmasena. “Design, Development and Performance Evaluation Operated Leafy Vegetable Slicing Machine for Domestic Use”. pp. 1–2, 2017.
[24]. M.A., Hoque, and K.K., Saha. “Design and development of a manual potato cum sweet potato slicer”, Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, Vol. 5, Issue 2: pp. 395–401, 2017. https://doi.org/10.18801/jstei.050217.42
[25]. R.P., Krantidip, D.U., Pravin, D.B., Pritam, B.G., Kaustubh, B.J., Rushikesh and A.P., Aniket. “Development of Fruit and Vegetable Slicing Machine”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Vol. 7, Issue 3: 1399-1404. 2020
[26]. J. N., Msuya, “Designing and Manufacturing of Vegetable Slicing Machine”. Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 42, Issue 1, pp. 5-13, 2023.
[27]. K., Salaudeen, O., Oladimeji, and A., Fidelis, “Design and Development of a tomato Slicing Machine”. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 13, Issue 2: 197–208, 2017.
[28] S. P., Sonawane, G. P., Sharma, and A. C., Pandya. “Design and development of power operated banana slicer for small scale food processing industries”. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 57, Issue 4, pp. 144–152, 2011.
[29]. A.K., Eliçin, and F.G., Pekitkan. “Effect of Various Knife Type, Cutting Angle and Speed on Cutting Force and Energy of Grape Cane”, European Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 15, Issue 1, 519–525, 2019.
[30]. T.A., Ishola, and L., Adewole. “Development and Performance Evaluation of an Okra Slicer”, Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, Vol. 16, Issue 2: 269–278, 2020.
[31]. I. S., Aji, E., James, A., Ejovwoke and D. A., Mshelia. “Development of an electrically operated cassava slicing machine”. Arid Zone Journal of Engineering Technology and Environment, Vol. 9, Issue 3: 90-95. 2013.
[32]. R. S., Khurmi, and J. K., Gupta. “A Textbook of Machine Design (S.I. Units) Published by Eurasia Publishing House (PVT) Ltd, Ram Nagar, New Delhi”, 2005
[33]. B. O., Bolaji, S. B., Adejuyigbe, and S. P., Ayodeji. “Performance Evaluation of a Locally Developed Cassava Chipping Machine”. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, Vol. 19, Issue 1: 169-178, 2008.
[34]. J. O., Awulu, J., Audu, and Y. M., Jibril. “Development of Cassava Chipping Machine Using Electric Motor cum Manual Operation”. Journal of Harmonized Research in Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 2: 78-84, 2015