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• Open Access   Article

  Exploring the Nexus between Exchange Rate and Stock Price: A Case of Sri Lanka

  Krishnasamy Tharsika

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp.1-5, Jun-2020

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  Stock market and exchange rate play a dominant role in the economy of any country whether it is developed or developing countries. The regulatory board and Government have to pay attention on the stock market performance and exchange rate fluctuation because any minor change in them will affect the economy in several ways. Therefore, knowing the short-run and long-run causal relationship between the exchange rates and stock price is essential. This paper endeavors to discover the causal relationship between them by using the monthly data on All Share Price Index (ASPI) of the Colombo Stock Exchange and five exchange rates namely Euro, Indian Rupee, Japanese Yen, UK Sterling Pound and US Dollar for the periods from January 2005 to December 2019 in the empirical analysis. Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test shows that the variables are non-stationary at the level and become a stationary on the first difference. Even though all selected variables have the same integration order, neither variables are co-integrated based on the Johansen`s Co-integration Test, and the Granger Causality Test reveals that no short-run causal relationships between both

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Exchange Rate, All Share Price Index, Unit Root, Johansen?s Co-integration and Granger Causality

  References
  [1] D.Bhuvaneshwari, K. Ramya, ?Cointegration and Causality between Stock Prices and Exchange Rate: Empirical Evidence from India,? SDMIMD Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.31-38, 2017.
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  [3] B. Guneratne, ?Stock Prices and Exchange Rates in Sri Lanka: Some Empirical Evidence,? Investment Management and Financial Innovations, Vol.9, Issue.5, pp.8-14, 2012.
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  [5] K. Tharsika, P. Pratheepkanth, ?Macro-Economic Variables on Stock Market Performance: A Case of Sri Lanka,? Journal of Business Economics, Vol.1, Issue.2, pp.64-76, 2019.
  [6] A. Aliyu, B. Chamo, S. & Yusuf ?The Determinants of Profitability in the Nigerian Deposit Money Banks,? World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.32-38, 2019.
  [7] R. Raja, Z. Iffat, U. Imran , M. Pooja , ?The Relationship between Exchange Rate and Stock Prices in South Asian Countries,? International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, Vol.6, Issue.9, pp.113-135, 2019.
  [8] M. Naeem, R. & Abdul ?Stock Prices and Exchange Rates: Are they Related? Evidence from South Asian Countries,? The Pakistan Development Review, Vol.41, Issue.4, pp.535-550, 2002.
  [9] K. Pal, R. Mittal, ?Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators on Indian Capital Markets,? Journal of Risk Finance, Vol.12, Issue.2, pp.84-97, 2011.
  [10] H. Nijam, S. Ismail, A. Musthafa, ?The Impact of Macro-Economic Variables on Stock Market Performance; Evidence From Sri Lanka,? Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS), Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.151-157, 2015.
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  [12] C. Smith, ?Stock Market and the Exchange Rate: A Multi-Country Approach,? Journal of Macroeconomics, Vol.14, pp.607-629, 1992.
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  [17] P. Franck, A. Young, ?Stock prices reaction of multinational firms to exchange realignments,? Financial Management, Vol.1, Issue.3, pp.66-73, 1992.
  [18] L. Ong, H. Izan, ?Stocks and currencies: Are they related?,? Applied Financial Economics, Vol.9, Issue.5, pp.523-532, 1999.
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  [20] I. Abdalla, V. Murinde ?Exchange rate and stock price interactions in emerging financial markets,? Applied Financial Economics, Vol.7, pp.25-35, 1997.
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  [22] R. Ajayi, J. Friedman, S. Mehdian, ?On the relationship between stock returns and exchange rates,? Global Finance Journal, Vol.9, pp.241-251, 1998.
  [23] C.Nieh, C.Lee, ?Dynamic relationship between stock prices and exchange rates for G-7 countries,? The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Vol.41, Issue.4, pp.477-490, 2001.
  [24] M. Shrestha, G. Bhatta, ?Selecting appropriate methodological framework for time series data analysis,? The Journal of Finance and Data Science, Vol.4, pp.71-89, 2018.

  Citation
  Krishnasamy Tharsika, "Exploring the Nexus between Exchange Rate and Stock Price: A Case of Sri Lanka," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.2, pp.1-5, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  The Impact of Covid-19 (Coronavirus Pandemic) on the Demand of Health Services in Syria (Analytical Study in Lattakia)

  Bassel Anwar Asaad

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp.6-11, Jun-2020

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  Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on several aspects of life and countries` economies, where health sector has the most effect. So, patients` number has increased greatly accompanying with a defect of many world health systems. As a result, deaths toll and infects have been greatly increased in the developed countries. So that, the importance of the study comes from focusing on the change of total demand on health services in the first quarter of 2020, before and during the pandemic, in Lattakia, Syria. Moreover, the study has focused on the covid-19 impact on demand distribution of health services in the first quarter of 2020. The study hypothesis has confirmed that coronavirus pandemic has a negative influence on the change of demand structure of health services in Lattakia, Syria. However, The study has the following consequences: covid-19 pandemic has a big effect on the structure of demand on health services, the pandemic leads to a growing demand on health services in pharmacies greatly, a low demand on health services provided in public and private hospitals, a low demand on health centers` services, a low demand on health services provided in private and dentist clinics.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Health services, Demand, Crisis, Pandemic,Total Demand of health services

  References
  [1] A.E. Talaat, "Economics of Health Services", second Edition, Alqwds Library, Egypt , pp17,2006.
  [2] Dewan. S.Ettlinger, M,"Comparing Public Spending and Priorities Across OECD Countries", Center for American Progress, pp22-23,2009.
  [3] Moktar.Alfateh, Mohamad .Othman, "Economics of Health Services in Development Country and Its impact on development", Emarbak Journal , vol4,No(10),pp125.2013.
  [4] Afonso.A,(2013),"Relative Efficiency Of Health Provision", Department of Economics, ISEGUTL, Working Paper N 41, DE-UECE.pp113.2013
  [5] Thu Huong. Do , Shasha.Li , Hailong.Zhao ,"the relationship between government health investment and economics growth", Social economics research journal,PAK group, Vol 4,No9,pp12-23,2011.
  [6] Alhasan.Taher,"Determinants of demand on health services, Analytical Study on public and private sector" ,Journal of Damascus`s university,VOL3,NO 27,pp211-213.2011.
  [7] A.E.Talaat,,"Macro Economics and investment in health sector", second Edition, Alqwds Library, Algeria , pp18-24.2009
  [8] Asaad.Bassel,"Analytical study of the Investment expenditure in health services sector to reach to a strategy for health development ( case study lattakia)", PhD thesis, Faculty of Economics, Tishreen University, Syria,pp17-30.2017
  [9] Beir.T, "A POLICY OPTION FOR HEALTH SERVICE", DEVELOPMENT Health and Population Perspectives, VOL2,Issues 43,pp 71-84.2000
  [10] Hlal.Mohamad Abd Alghanee,"management crises" , Development centers, Egypt ,VOL4,NO9, ,pp4-18,2004.
  [11] Syrian Statistical Group, Department of Health, pp121-134,2019.
  [12] Medical Association, Dentists, Pharmacy Syndicate, Report of 2019.
  [13] Lattakia Health Directorate, Department of Statistics and Medical Information, 2020.

  Citation
  Bassel Anwar Asaad, "The Impact of Covid-19 (Coronavirus Pandemic) on the Demand of Health Services in Syria (Analytical Study in Lattakia)," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.2, pp.6-11, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Agricultural Land Loss in Offa LGA: Implications for Food Security

  Kolade Victor Otokiti, Paul Onibaba, Kayode Nelson Adeniji, Opemipo Akinola, Olufemi Samson Adesina, Deborah Olawuni, Bashira Omobukola Oladipupo

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp.12-17, Jun-2020

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  Abstract
  In developing countries, urban sprawl is one of the primary drivers of agricultural land loss. In the long term, increasing urbanization and rising population pose a significant risk to food security and sustainable agriculture. This study therefore assesses and presents the spatiotemporal dynamics of agricultural land loss in Offa Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) tools. Also, it discusses the impact of urban sprawl on food security, as it concerns the study area. Changes in agricultural land cover were detected using Landsat images. The research findings show a significant increase in agricultural land loss as a result of urbanization in the past three decades where built-up areas were discovered to increase rapidly while agricultural land cover declined as a consequence. In total, over 23sqkm of agricultural land was lost in the study area over the study period. Thus, food production and the livelihood of producers are currently put at risk. In response, innovative agricultural approaches as well as efficient development control mechanisms were recommended to promote food security in the face of growing agricultural land loss and population increase.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Urbanization, Food security, Landsat images, Land cover change, GIS

  References
  [1] F. Kogan, "Remote Sensing for Food Security," Springer International Publishing, 2019.
  [2] FAO, "How close we are to zero hunger," 2017.
  [3] Guillou, M., G. Matheron, "The world challenge to feed 9 billion people," New York: Springer, 2014.
  [4] J. Heibuch, "Food insecurity on the rise," 31 October 2011.
  [5] WGS (World Grain Stocks), "World grain stocks as days of consumption 1960-2012," 2013.
  [6] USDA, "Food security," 2017.
  [7] International Monetary Fund, "Rural?Urban Dynamics and the Millennium Development Goals, " Global Monitoring Report, 2013.
  [8] UN-FAO, "The future of food and agriculture: Trends and challenges," Rome, 2017.
  [9] M. Gerster-Bentaya, "Nutrition-sensitive urban agriculture," Food Security, vol. 5, pp. 723?737, 2013.
  [10] Z. Hussain, M. Hanisch, "Dynamics of peri-urban agricultural development and farmers adaptive behaviour in the emerging megacity of Hyderabad, India," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, vol. 57, pp. 495?515, 2014.
  [11] J.E. Hardoy, D. Mitlin, D. Satterthwaite, "Environmental Problems in an Urbanizing World," Earthscan Publications Ltd, London, UK, 2001.
  [12] CIA World Factbook, 2010.
  [13] K.V. Otokiti, O.S. Adesina, I. Mohammed, "Forest Cover Dynamics in a Changing Climate: A Case Study of Ibadan, Nigeria," Journal of Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 118-125, 2019.
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  Citation
  Kolade Victor Otokiti, Paul Onibaba, Kayode Nelson Adeniji, Opemipo Akinola, Olufemi Samson Adesina, Deborah Olawuni, Bashira Omobukola Oladipupo, "Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Agricultural Land Loss in Offa LGA: Implications for Food Security," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.2, pp.12-17, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Study on the Relationship between Tourism and the Performance of the Zimbabwean Economy

  Daniel Toindepi Mukonto, Cheng Jian

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp.18-21, Jun-2020

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  Abstract
  The prospect of tourism growth as a tool for promoting economic resilience in developing economies, diversifying from dependence on extractive industries is interesting. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between tourism and the economic performance of Zimbabwe. Using a bivariate unrestricted Vector Autoregressive model and granger causality, this study analyzed the short-run relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and tourism receipts, using annual data from 1990-2018. The lagged values of GDP and tourism receipts were found to be significant in estimating GDP in the short-run. The results also show a unidirectional, positive causal relationship, where tourism receipts granger causes GDP. The study outlines the significance of the tourism sector in improving the economic performance of Zimbabwe, thus interventions to improve the sector will yield positive results in the short-run. Capital investment in tourist areas will lead to an improvement in the quality of service and infrastructure in these areas to boost tourism growth. Further studies are needed to investigate the multiple effects of tourism in Zimbabwe.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Tourism Impact, VAR, Granger Causality, Zimbabwe

  References
  [1] World Travel and Tourism Council, "Zimbabwe 2019 Annual Research: Key highlights," World Travel and Tourism Council, England, pp. 1, 2019.
  [2] Zimbabwe Tourism Authority, ?Tourism Trends and Statistics,? Zimbabwe Tourism Authority, Zimbabwe, pp. 1-55, 2018
  [3] World Travel and Tourism Council, "Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2018," World Travel and Tourism Council, England, pp. 1-20, 2018.
  [4] Parliamentary Budget Office, ?First Quarter Budget Performance and Outlook Report?, Parliament of the Republic of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe, pp. 1-26, 2018.
  [5] D. J. Stynes, "Economic Impacts of Tourism," Michigan State University, USA, pp. 1-19, 2006.
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  [7] A. Sanderson, P. Le Roux, ?Tourism an Engine of Wealth Creation in Zimbabwe,? International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Vol. 7, Issue. 2, pp. 129-137, 2017.
  [8] Chi-Ok Oh, ?The Contribution of Tourism Development to Economic Growth in The Korean Economy,? Tourism Management, Vol. 26, pp. 39-44, 2005.
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  [10] J. Shan, K. Wilson, ?Causality between Trade and Tourism: Empirical Evidence from China,? Applied Economic Letters, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp. 279-283, 2001.
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  Citation
  Daniel Toindepi Mukonto, Cheng Jian, "Study on the Relationship between Tourism and the Performance of the Zimbabwean Economy," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.2, pp.18-21, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Relationship Marketing Practice In The Banking Industry. A Study on Ghana Commercial Bank, Derby Avenue Branch

  Patrick Atiemo

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp.22-30, Jun-2020

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  Abstract
  This research work was conducted to prompt the banking industries on the need for banking industries to pay peculiar attention to the practice of relationship marketing with their invaluable customers. In the past, companies took their customers for granted until the notion of building a relationship with them could be profitable came into mind. The objective of the study was to ascertain the practice of relationship marketing and also its impact on customers of Ghana Commercial Bank, Derby Avenue branch. Data was collected through questionnaire from our sample size of 70 which comprised of 50 customers and 20 management staffs of the bank. The study gives comments on how relationship marketing has been valued and practiced in Ghana Commercial Bank, Derby Avenue branch. The use of the quantitative method gave way for the analysis of the data by analyzing the data with descriptive analysis. It was discovered that, management and staff maintain their relationship with their customers by listening effectively to their complaints and making sure that they are solved quickly. Customers on the other hand were much satisfied with the relationship marketing practice they experience at the bank. This has led them to prefer Ghana Commercial Bank to other banks as the bank assures confidence and security to them in their daily transactions with the bank. Regular training of staffs of the bank on the importance of customer relationship marketing has been the major contributor in the success of the bank.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Ghana Commercial Bank, Relationship Marketing, Customer, Loyalty, Satisfaction, Ghana

  References
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  Citation
  Patrick Atiemo, "Relationship Marketing Practice In The Banking Industry. A Study on Ghana Commercial Bank, Derby Avenue Branch," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.2, pp.22-30, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  A Study on the Awareness of GST among SME?S in Coimbatore

  Manoj M

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp.31-34, Jun-2020

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  This research is based on a recent tax system GST [Goods and services tax] and its impact on the small and medium scale enterprises in and around Coimbatore. The implementation of new tax system can add a new path for the development of the business. It can be helpful to know about the various factors involved in the tax system and also the real phase of the financial aspects of business. The samples for this research will be of small and medium scale enterprises in Coimbatore. The main objective for this research will be of how the GST got awareness on the small and medium scale enterprises for many business sectors. These samples can give some interpretation on the factors involved in the new tax system. With the help of this research, it is easier to find the satisfaction level of the enterprises in the business sector. It helps to know about the awareness on the terms and conditions of GST on the samples in Coimbatore

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Awareness, enterprises, factors & tax system

  References
  [1] Bansal E, ?A study of Impact of GST on Indian economy?, International journal of Research and Innovation in Applied science, vol 3, issue 2, 2018.
  [2] Abda. S ‟Effects of Goods and Services tax on Indian economy?, International education and research journal, vol 3, issue 5, 2017.
  [3] Sehrawat. M, Dhanda. U ?GST in India ? A key tax reform?, International Journal of Research- Granthalya, vol 3, issue 12, 2015.
  [4] Poonam ‟Goods and services tax in India- an introductory study?, International journal of science technology and management, vol 6, issue 1, 2017.
  [5] Dhamija. S.K Kumar. D. Dhamija. M ‟An exploratory study on evolution and implementation of GST in India?, SDCC?s Journal of commerce & management, vol 3, issue 2, 2016.
  [6] Aliyu Abba, Chamo Buhari Muhammad, Yusuf Sani Rurumah, "The Determinants of Profitability in the Nigerian Deposit Money Banks", World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.7, Issue.2, 2019
  [7] Anbuthami B, Chandrasekaran N ?Goods and services Tax (GST) and training for its implementation in India ? A perspective?, ICTACT International journal of Management studies, vol 3, issue 2, 2017.

  Citation
  Manoj M, "A Study on the Awareness of GST among SME?S in Coimbatore," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.2, pp.31-34, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Agricultural Informatics With Reference To Its Possibilities and Potentialities in Management, Commerce and Allied Branches

  P.K. Paul, R.R. Sinha, Anil Bhuimalli, Pappachan Baby, Ricardo Saavedra, Bashiru Aremu

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp.35-43, Jun-2020

  Abstract

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  Citation

  Abstract
  Agricultural Informatics is an important and emerging practicing domain and technologies responsible for the agricultural related activities ranging from the information, documentation and technology related aspects. This is ultimately dedicated to ICT practice in agriculture and allied areas including in horticulture and environmental sciences. Further, this is applicable in modernization, capacity building and development in agricultural activities leading to further production. Agricultural Informatics is become a field of practice also in recent past due to its growing importance and role. Internationally many universities have started academic programs leading to Bachelors, Masters and Doctoral. Agricultural Informatics as an interdisciplinary subject and apart from the technology and information here important role is exists of Management Sciences including Commerce and Economics. Due to the role there is a high potential to offer Agricultural Informatics and allied branches; mainly in science and engineering streams; whereas due to managerial role the branch can also be offered with Management and Economical Sciences related subjects internationally. This paper is conceptual nature and deals with various aspects of Agricultural Informatics including its evolution, stakeholders, and features. Paper also discusses about the roles in general of Agricultural Informatics regarding smart agricultural sciences. Further, due to the objective of the paper this is emphasized with potentialities of the management and commercial sciences in respect of Agricultural Informatics.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Agricultural Informatics, ICT, Agricultural Information Technology, Commerce, Management Education, Emerging Degrees, Higher Education

  References
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  Citation
  P.K. Paul, R.R. Sinha, Anil Bhuimalli, Pappachan Baby, Ricardo Saavedra, Bashiru Aremu, "Agricultural Informatics With Reference To Its Possibilities and Potentialities in Management, Commerce and Allied Branches," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.2, pp.35-43, 2020