Volume-12 , Issue-3 , Sep 2024, ISSN 2321-905X

• Open Access   Article

  An Individual Tax Payer Awareness Planning and its Impact on Wealth Creation

  Avinash Totlani, Asha Sharma

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp.1-9, Sep-2024

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  Abstract
  In a country like India the rates of tax on personal income tax are very high as compared to other countries. In this situation, it is inevitable for every individual assessee to constantly update their awareness about various provisions of income tax from time to time. The objectives behind the paper is to assess the tax awareness and tax planning of the individual taxpayer and the impact of tax awareness and planning on the wealth created by an individual. The primary data was collected from 71 respondents and revealed that highest awareness was found related to deductions from 80C to 80U and the lowest awareness was found to be related to various penalties among the respondents. The standard deviation was highest for awareness related to various taxable, partly taxable and tax free allowances. For testing the difference between the mean of the groups ANOVA was applied and revealed that awareness related to advance payment of tax according to the income groups was found to be insignificant for the other provisions, the difference was found to be significant. It also revealed that awareness of the respondents was tested based on the nature of the job using ANOVA and revealed that the difference was insignificant for penalties, advance payment for tax and delayed payment of income tax, this shows that there is no difference among the respondents employed in private, semi-government and government for these provisions. For the other provisions, the difference was found to be significant. The impact of tax planning was then assessed on the wealth creation using the multiple regression method revealed that Tax Planning has positive impact on wealth creation by 78% which means that there are other factors as well that affect the creation of wealth. The highest out of the selected factors, is planning to increase savings.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Individual Tax Payers, Tax Awareness, Tax Planning, Wealth Creation & Deductions

  References
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  Citation
  Avinash Totlani, Asha Sharma, "An Individual Tax Payer Awareness Planning and its Impact on Wealth Creation," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.12, Issue.3, pp.1-9, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Smart Healthcare: The Genesis of a New Era in Post-Pandemic Scenario

  Meghdip Haldar, Sudip Bhowmick, Moumita Chatterjee

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp.10-17, Sep-2024

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  The expeditious development of high-end technologies including big data as well as machine learning works as a bridge among healthcare providers, patients, insurance agencies whereas the application will help Indian citizens in various aspects of healthcare segment by serving as a solution to all the problems associated with disease or disorder which will provide a good service to all the patients in every segment starting from diagnosis till post-treatment, insurance facilities and this application will educate the common people regarding upcoming diseases and make them aware of various health hazards by improving their quality of life. The ultra-modern technologies will provide better medical facilities to the required people whereas the application comprises remote patient monitoring, electronic health records, telemedicine, telehealth services, etc. The focus of the research serves to establish co-ordination, cooperation among the various healthcare providers to provide the best medical treatment to every user; application of artificial intelligence is required to carry healthcare personnel with several functions from administrative workflow to clinical documentation, patient outreach, specialized support in image analysis, medical device automation as well as patient monitoring. The methodology followed in the present research by developing an algorithm using patient’s proximity to establishment, availability of medical practitioner and doctor, suitability and specific requirement of patient. Data from healthcare databases are taken using systematically sampling method and this data are recorded, analyzed and collaborated using Internet of Things & software such as Microsoft Azure, Cloud, RevX, Google machine learning, etc. The present research has concluded that an application must be developed with the integration of high-end technologies to connect several types of healthcare providers and establishments to facilitate every user irrespective of their caste, creed, financial background, etc. Thus, the research has also concluded that smart healthcare technologies possess the potential to transform healthcare industry by ameliorating patient care, efficiency and cost-effectiveness; through the integration of internet of things, wearable devices, AI, telemedicine healthcare can become more personalized, proactive, and accessible.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Artificial Intelligence, Data analytics, Integrated Healthcare System, Healthcare Applications, Machine Learning, Medical Device Automation, Image Analysis, Remote Patient Monitoring, Mobile Health

  References
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  [3] Dwivedi, R., Mehrotra, D. and Chandra, S., The potential of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) applications in building a smart healthcare system: A systematic review. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Vol.12, Issue.2, pp.302-318, 2022.
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  Citation
  Meghdip Haldar, Sudip Bhowmick, Moumita Chatterjee, "Smart Healthcare: The Genesis of a New Era in Post-Pandemic Scenario," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.12, Issue.3, pp.10-17, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Role and Contribution of Small and Medium Scale Business on Socio Economic Development in Damaturu Yobe State

  Lawan Garba, R.I. Darazo, Lawan Yahaya

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp.18-26, Sep-2024

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  Abstract
  The goal of the study is to evaluate how small and medium-sized businesses affect the socioeconomic development of Damaturu, Yobe State. Additionally, the purpose of the study is to determine the contribution of small and medium-sized businesses to socioeconomic development in Damaturu, Yobe State, as well as to evaluate how well these businesses are performing in this regard. The investigation was guided by both classical and current notions. The research design used in the study was descriptive. The SMEs in Damaturu are the research`s target population. A questionnaire was employed in the study as a data gathering tool. Using a straightforward random sampling method, eighty (80) SMEs were chosen from this population pool. The data are examined using the table and percentages way of presentation analysis, and the researcher uses the statistical tool chi-square to examine and assess the study`s hypothesis. The study found that small and medium-sized business performance and socioeconomic development are significantly correlated, which is therefore acknowledged. It also found that small and medium-sized businesses specifically contribute to Yobe State`s socioeconomic development. The study makes several recommendations, including that the federal government should work harder to ensure that banks established to support the revival of the SME sector—like NIRSAL—are always operating as expected in order to achieve the desired outcome; business organizations, particularly SMEs, should work toward registering their companies; maintaining proper records and developing strong business plans are also necessary in order to be eligible for government grants and aid.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Role, Contribution, Small and Medium Scale, Businesses, Socio Economic, Development

  References
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  Citation
  Lawan Garba, R.I. Darazo, Lawan Yahaya, "Role and Contribution of Small and Medium Scale Business on Socio Economic Development in Damaturu Yobe State," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.12, Issue.3, pp.18-26, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Taxes on Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria

  Innocent N. Umezurike, Charity Onyekachi-Onyele, Innocent O. Nwagwu

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp.27-38, Sep-2024

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  Abstract
  An economy needs foreign direct investment (FDI) to grow, especially in rising markets like Nigeria, which mostly depends on the earnings from the sale of crude oil on the global market. The current tax laws in a nation have a significant impact on the amount of foreign direct investment that enters that economy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate how taxes impact FDI in Nigeria. An ex post facto study design was used since pertinent data was taken from World Development Indicators (WDI) and other Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) annual publications covering the years 1999–2023, which saw a number of important tax developments. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique was used in the study to estimate the variables` relationships. The findings showed that while value-added tax (VAT) and petroleum profit tax (PPT) did not have a substantial long-term impact on FDI, personal income tax (PIT) and corporate income tax (CIT) did have an inverse and considerable influence on FDI. All of the tax-related factors that were examined in the short term were shown to be significant, suggesting that taxes had an immediate effect on FDI. The study`s conclusion indicated that VAT, CIT, PPT, and PIT collectively had a major impact on FDI in Nigeria, as indicated by the coefficient of determination of the regression. In order to boost FDI, it was suggested that the government implement comprehensive tax reform.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Tax, FDI, Personal Income Tax, Corporate Income Tax, Petroleum Profit Tax, Value Added Tax, ARDL, Nigeria

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  [40] M.A. Nasir, J. Morgan, “The Methodological Problem of Unit Roots: Stationarity and its Consequences in the Context of the Tinbergen Debate. Annals of Operations Research, pp.1-18, 2023.
  [41] W.W. Kiburi, M.W. Mirie, K.O. Okiro, G.M. Ruigu, “The Relationship between Tax Burden and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows: A Review of Empirical Literature,” European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research, Vol.5, Issue.5, pp.67–77, 2017.
  [42] U.O. Efanga, “Petroleum Profit Tax and Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria,” Indian Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Vol.5, Issue.1, pp.29-45, 2024.
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  [44] K.O. Onyele, F.O. Ariwa, “Flattening Unemployment Curve in Nigeria: The Role of Human Capital Financing,” World Academic Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.06-13, 2020.
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  Citation
  Innocent N. Umezurike, Charity Onyekachi-Onyele, Innocent O. Nwagwu, "Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Taxes on Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.12, Issue.3, pp.27-38, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Leadership in Cyberspace: Delineating a Secure Course amidst Rising Threats

  Kritika

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp.39-48, Sep-2024

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  Abstract
  An organization`s ability to navigate the complex terrain of cyberspace depends heavily on the leadership in the modern digital era, where information and technology interact to ascertain the panorama. The cyber threat landscape has evolved dynamically into adversaries continuously innovating the exploitative vulnerabilities as organizations progress into digitization taxing the visionary and flexible methodology to proactively react to the changing dynamics of cyber security. Building a robust, efficient and effective cybersecurity leadership (CISOs) in the digital sphere entails educating first ourselves then the community at large to safeguard every knock and corner with proactive risk assessment and management in which communication and collaboration are the pivotal elements in fostering a culture of metamorphosis and compliancy. Leadership in cyberspace is a multifaceted and cross functional approach requiring vision, strategic acumen and commitment. The work lays the groundwork for a thorough examination of these ideas and provides insights into the dynamic relationship between cybersecurity and leadership in a time when the digital frontier necessitates constant leadership for safe passage

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Cybersecurity, Visionary Leadership, Threat Intelligence, CISO, Proactive Risk Management, Incidence Response

  References
  [1] Kritika, “Demystifying cyber crimes”, IGI Global, pp. 63-94, 2023.
  [2] McShane, M.K., Eling, M., & Nguyen, T, “Cyber risk management: History and future research directions” Risk management and insurance review, pp. 93-125, 2021.
  [3] Loonam, J., Zwiegelaar, J.B., Kumar, P., & Booth, C, “Cyber-Resiliency for Digital Enterprises: A Strategic Leadership Perspective”, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, pp, 1-14, 2020.
  [4] Smith, J, “Cybersecurity Leadership: Best Practices”, Journal of Cybersecurity Research, Vol. 15 Issue. 3, pp. 45-60, 2020.
  [5] Johnson, L., “The Role of Leadership in Cybersecurity Culture”, International Journal of Cybersecurity, Vol. 12 Issue. 2, pp. 99-112, 2021.
  [6]Bozicevic, D., & Hebbel, T, “The role of leadership in effective cybersecurity”, Routledge. pp. 1-20, 2019.
  [7] Denning, D. E, “The role of human factors in cybersecurity”, Computer, Vol. 48 Issue. 4, pp. 28-32, 2015.
  [8] Ghosh, A., & Barua, A, “Leadership for cybersecurity”. Journal of Cybersecurity, Vol. 4 Issue. 1, pp. 1-11, 2019.
  [9] Jones, A., Shostack, A., & Slay, J, “Leadership for cybersecurity: A call to action”, Journal of Cybersecurity, Vol. 3, Issue .1, pp.1-11, 2018.
  [10] Whitman, M. J., & Mattord, H. J, “Cybersecurity leadership: A practitioner`s guide”, CRC Press, 2018
  [11] Patel, R, “Women in Cybersecurity Leadership. Cybersecurity Insights, Vol. 9 Issue. 1, pp. 27-40,2022.
  [12] Shayo, C., & Lin, F, “An exploration of the evolving reporting organizational structure for the chief information security officer (ciso) function”, Journal of Computer Science. Vol. 7, Issue 1, pp.1-20, 2019.
  [13] Davis, K., “Adaptive Leadership in Cybersecurity”, Journal of Information Security, Vol. 18 Issue. 4, pp.123-135, 2023.
  [14] Thompson, M, “Cybersecurity Leadership and Decision-Making”, Cyber Risk Management Journal, Vol. 11 Issue. 2. pp. 75-88, 2024.
  [15] Zwilling, M. “Trends and Challenges Regarding Cyber Risk Mitigation by CISOs—A Systematic Literature and Experts’ Opinion Review Based on Text Analytics”, Sustainability, Vol. 14 Issue. 3, pp. 1311-1320, 2022.
  [16] Brown, T. “Transformational Leadership in Cybersecurity”, Journal of Cyber Leadership, Vol. 7 Issue. 3. pp. 15-28, 2022.
  [17] White, A. “Cybersecurity Leadership Skills Gap”, International Journal of Information Systems, Vol. 16 Issue. 1. pp. 55-72, 2023.
  [18] Green, C, “Ethical Leadership in Cybersecurity”, Cybersecurity Ethics Review, Vol. 10 Issue. 2. pp. 33-48, 2021.
  [19] Black, S. “Strategic Leadership in Cyber Risk Management”, Journal of Risk Analysis, Vol. 19 Issue. 1. pp. 10-25, 2024.
  [20] Gray, J. “Leadership Styles and Cybersecurity Awareness”, Journal of Information Security, Vol. 20. Issue. 2. pp. 60-80, 2023.
  [21] Kritika, “Forestalling cyberbullying and online harassment”, IGI Global, pp. 148-181, 2024.

  Citation
  Kritika, "Leadership in Cyberspace: Delineating a Secure Course amidst Rising Threats," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.12, Issue.3, pp.39-48, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Exploring the Multidimensional Effect of ESG Performance on Corporate Innovation Capability

  Yu Tan

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp.49-55, Sep-2024

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  Abstract
  Recently, the focus on environmental responsibility has intensified due to the push for high-quality and sustainable development strategies. The concept of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) has become an important tool for evaluating a company`s long-term sustainability and social impact, serving as a critical reference indicator for investors` decision-making. This research employs a sample of A-share listed companies in China, designing an Innovation Capability (ICL) indicator to measure corporate innovation capability. By constructing a fixed panel model, the study analyzes the impact of ESG performance on corporate innovation capability. The findings reveal that: 1) A notable positive correlation exists between ESG performance and corporate innovation capability, with companies demonstrating strong ESG performance excelling in both innovation input and output; 2) Agency costs play a mediating role between ESG performance and corporate innovation capability. Good ESG performance can reduce agency costs, thereby promoting corporate innovation; 3) Factors such as corporate growth potential, cash flow levels, company size, and board size also significantly affect corporate innovation capability. Based on these findings, companies should emphasize ESG practices, as these can not only improve corporate governance and enhance financial performance but also boost innovation capability, guiding sustainable development and promoting high-quality socio-economic development.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  ESG, Corporate Innovation Capability, Mediation Effect, Agency Costs, Corporate Growth, Cash Flow Level

  References
  [1] G. Landi and M. Sciarelli, “Towards a more ethical market: the impact of ESG rating on corporate financial performance,” Social Responsibility Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 11-27, 2019.
  [2] A. Aybars, L. Ataünal, and A. O. Gürbüz, “ESG and financial performance: impact of environmental, social, and governance issues on corporate performance,” in Handbook of Research on Managerial Thinking in Global Business Economics, IGI Global, pp. 520-536, 2019.
  [3] V. Naimy, R. El Khoury, and S. Iskandar, “ESG versus corporate financial performance: Evidence from East Asian Firms in the industrials sector,” Studies of Applied Economics, Vol. 39, No. 3, 2021.
  [4] V. Cherkasova and I. Nenuzhenko, “Investment in ESG projects and corporate performance of multinational companies,” Journal of Economic Integration, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 54-92, 2022.
  [5] G. Friede, T. Busch, and A. Bassen, “ESG and financial performance: aggregated evidence from more than 2000 empirical studies,” Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 210-233, 2015.
  [6] C. J. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and Y. Q. Chen, “ESG performance, investor confidence, and listed company performance,” Environmental Economic Research, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 22-39, 2021.
  [7] J. Li and S. Li, “Environmental protection tax, corporate ESG performance, and green technological innovation,” Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol. 10, pp. 21-32, 2022.
  [8] L. Chen, M. U. Khurram, Y. Gao, M. Z. Abedin, and B. Lucey, “ESG disclosure and technological innovation capabilities of the Chinese listed companies,” Research in International Business and Finance, Vol. 65, pp. 59-74, 2023.
  [9] Y. P. Fan, Y. J. Meng, and B. Hu, “ESG performance and debt financing cost: Theoretical mechanisms and empirical evidence,” Economic Management, Vol. 45, No. 8, pp. 123-144, 2023.
  [10] M. Y. Qiu and H. Yin, “ESG performance and financing costs in the context of ecological civilization construction,” Quantitative Economics and Technical Economics Research, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 16, 2019.
  [11] J. H. Bai and Y. Y. Liu, “Financial marketization and enterprise technological innovation: Mechanisms and evidence,” Economic Management, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 16, 2021.
  [12] R. Wang, “Research on the relationship between ESG information disclosure and enterprise value from the perspective of cost-benefit,” Journal of Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 74-86, 2022.
  [13] Z. B. Li, Y. M. Shao, Z. Z. Li, et al., “ESG information disclosure, media supervision, and corporate financing constraints,” Science Decision Making, No. 7, pp. 1-26, 2022.
  [14] X. M. Fang and D. Hu, “ESG performance and innovation: Evidence from A-share listed companies,” Economic Research, Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 91-106, 2023.
  [15] S. J. Yao and Y. C. Jiang, “The road to sustainable development: ESG practices and enterprise innovation,” Journal of Shandong University: Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition, no. 4, pp. 99-111, 2023.
  [16] D. C. Broadstock, R. Matousek, M. Meyer, and N. G. Tzeremes, “Does corporate social responsibility impact firms` innovation capacity? The indirect link between environmental & social governance implementation and innovation performance,” Journal of Business Research, vol. 119, pp. 99-110, 2020.
  [17] X. Liu, N. Huang, W. Su, and H. Zhou, “Green innovation and corporate ESG performance: evidence from Chinese listed companies,” International Review of Economics & Finance, pp. 34-61, 2024.
  [18] H. Tang, “The effect of ESG performance on corporate innovation in China: The mediating role of financial constraints and agency cost,” Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 3769, 2022.
  [19] C. Yang, R. Yang, Y. Zhou, et al., “E, S, and G, not ESG: Heterogeneous effects of environmental, social, and governance disclosure on green innovation,” Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 1220-1238, 2024.
  [20] M. G. Zheng, J. Y. Qiu, S. Yan, et al., “Does voluntary environmental regulation alleviate corporate financing constraints? Based on the moderating effect of agency costs and social responsibility,” Financial Theory and Practice, no. 1, pp. 1-12, 2024.
  [21] H. Long, G. F. Feng, and C. P. Chang, “How does ESG performance promote corporate green innovation?” Economic Change and Restructuring, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 2889-2913, 2023.
  [22] G. Thouseef Ahamed, T. Md. Inthiyaz Ahammed, "Exploring Islamic Entrepreneurship: Perceptions, Challenges, and Economic Contributions among Muslims in India," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.11, Issue.3, pp.1-16, 2023.
  [23] L. Garba, L. G. Mohammed, S. Ladan, D. I. Musa, I. Usman Saleh, A. S. Hassan, "Role and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Businesses on Socio Economic Development in Damaturu Yobe State," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.12, Issue.1, pp.9-17, 2024.
  [24] A. Martiny, J. Taglialatela, F. Testa, and F. Iraldo, "Determinants of environmental social and governance (ESG) performance: A systematic literature review," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 456, p. 142213, 2024.
  [25] H. Long and G. Feng, "Does national ESG performance curb greenhouse gas emissions?," Innovation and Green Development, vol. 3, no. 3, p. 100138, 2024.
  [26] S. Bilyay-Erdogan, G. O. Danisman, and E. Demir, "ESG performance and investment efficiency: The impact of information asymmetry," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, vol. 91, p. 101919, 2024.
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  Citation
  Yu Tan, "Exploring the Multidimensional Effect of ESG Performance on Corporate Innovation Capability," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.12, Issue.3, pp.49-55, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Contribution and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Businesses on Socio Economic Development in Damaturu Yobe State

  Lawan Garba, Hafiz Usman Ahmed, Shittu Oladipupo Ibrahim

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp.56-64, Sep-2024

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  Abstract
  The goal of the study is to evaluate small and medium-sized enterprises` performance and contribution to the socioeconomic development of Damaturu, Yobe State. Additionally, the purpose of the study is to determine the contribution of small and medium-sized businesses to socioeconomic development in Damaturu, Yobe State, as well as to evaluate how well these businesses are performing in this regard. The investigation was guided by both classical and current notions. The research design used in the study was descriptive. The SMEs in Damaturu are the research`s target population. A questionnaire was employed in the study as a data gathering tool. Using a straightforward random sampling method, eighty (80) SMEs were chosen from this population pool. The data are examined using the table and percentages way of presentation analysis, and the researcher uses the statistical tool chi-square to examine and assess the study`s hypothesis. The study found that small and medium-sized business performance and socioeconomic development are significantly correlated, which is therefore acknowledged. It also found that small and medium-sized businesses specifically contribute to Yobe State`s socioeconomic development. The study makes several recommendations, including that the federal government should work harder to ensure that banks established to support the revival of the SME sector—like NIRSAL—are always operating as expected in order to achieve the desired outcome; business organizations, particularly SMEs, should work toward registering their companies; maintaining proper records and developing strong business plans are also necessary in order to be eligible for government grants and aid.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Contribution, Performance, Small and Medium Scale, Businesses, Socio Economic Development

  References
  [1] Onugu, B., “Small and medium enterprises in Nigeria (SMEs): Problem and prospect”, A dissertation submitted to St. Clement University in partial fulfilment of the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Management, 2020.
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  [3] Popoola, T., “Entrepreneurship and Self-reliance: Building an Entrepreneurial Economy”. A Conference Paper-in The Nigerian Accountant Journal of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria, Vol. 5, Issue. 3, pp. 47- 63, 2014.
  [4] Odubanjo, et al., “The Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development: The Nigerian Perspective”. European Journal of Business and Management. Vol. 8, Issue. 4. pp. 95-105, 2012.
  [5] Naude, W., “Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: Theory, Evidence and Policy”. Discussion Paper. Institute for the Study of Labor, Germany.
  [6] Akinwura et al., “Entrepreneurial developments and small scale industry contribution to Nigerian national development”, Marketing Interface, Vol. 1, Issue. 2, pp. 51-68, 2023.
  [7] UNCTAD, “Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: The Empretec Showcase. May, 2004,” A Publication of United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2004.
  [8] World Bank, “Regional program on entrepreneurial development,” World Bank Discussion Paper, No. 53. World Bank, Washington D. C, 2001.
  [9] Abiola, R., “Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Nigeria: The problems and Prospects,” Journal of Management Science, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp.242-253, 2014.
  [10] Ogujiuba, K. K., Ohuche, F. K., & Adenuga, A. O., “Credit availability to small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria: Importance of new capital base for banks – background and issues,” Department of Economics, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki-Nigeria, 2004.
  [11] Nwakobi, F., “Africa’s aborted industrialization, modernisation strategies impede organic industrial growth,” D+C development and cooperation No. 1, January/February,Vol. 12, Issue. 2, pp. 15-17, 2002.
  [12] Ogbo and Nwachukwu, A.A, “Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship. Principles and Practice,” (A Book of Readings) Abakaliki: Ebonyi State University Press, 2012.
  [13] Ayozie, H., “Implications of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) on Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria”, Journal of Business Studies, Vol.3, Issue. 2, pp. 207-215, 2013.
  [14] Okongwu, S.P., “The Nigerian Economy: ?Anatomy of a Traumatized Economy with some Proposals _for Stabilization?,” Yobe; fourth Dimension Publishing Co. Ltd, 2001.
  [15] UNCTAD, “Promoting small and medium enterprises for sustainable development. Development Focus,” Issue Brief. World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Switzerland. Accessed from, 2004.
  [16] Muritala, et al., “The role of Entrepreneurship Towards Employment Generation and Poverty Reduction. A theoretical Discourse,” A lecture presented at first Annual Students Entrepreneurship lectures, Umaru Musa Yaradua, University, Katsina 2012.
  [17] Ikpor, R., Nnabu, B.E., & Itumo, O.S., “Bank lending to small and medium scale enterprises and its implication on economic growth in Nigeria,” IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), Vol. 22 Issue. 12, pp. 14-28, 2017.
  [18] World Bank, “World development indicator database”, 2006.
  [19] ADB., “Micro, small and medium enterprise: A collection of published data. In Newberry, Derek (2006),” The role of small and medium sized enterprise in the future of emerging economies. Earth Trends 2006. World Resources Institute under a Creative Common License, pp. 45- 58, 2002.
  [20] Izedomi, A., “Principles of Management, Nigeria: Benin,” Alfred-Joe Publishers, Vol.11, Issue. 5, pp.73-78, 2011.
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  [22] OLUBA, A. O., “Effective financing of small/medium scale enterprises as an impetus for poverty alleviation in Nigeria: An analytical approach,” International Journal of Economics and Development, Vol.13 Issues. 5, pp. 51-62, 2009.
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  [24] Bacdon, C.T., “Small Scale Industries and Economic Development in Ghana: Business and Strategies in informal sector Economics,” VerlagBreitenbech,Saarbruckh, Germany, pp.19-23, 2004.
  [25] Kriss, E., “Impact of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises on the Economy, Ebsu Journal of Business Education, Vol. 2, pp. 1-22, 2012.

  Citation
  Lawan Garba, Hafiz Usman Ahmed, Shittu Oladipupo Ibrahim, "Contribution and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Businesses on Socio Economic Development in Damaturu Yobe State," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.12, Issue.3, pp.56-64, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Impact of Noise and Vibrational Factors on Forklift Operators Efficiency and Evaluating Mitigation Strategies in Nigeria Seaport Terminals

  Chijioke Udechukwu Akpudo

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp.65-70, Sep-2024

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  Abstract
  This study examines the impact of noise and vibrational factors on the efficiency of forklift operators in Nigerian seaports. The study also aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various mitigation strategies for reducing noise and vibration in these environments. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative data from operator performance metrics and environmental noise and vibration measurements with qualitative insights from operator interviews and ergonomic assessments. The findings demonstrate that prolonged exposure to high levels of noise and vibrations significantly reduces operators` physical and cognitive performance, resulting in decreased productivity and a higher incidence of errors. Through the evaluation of various mitigation strategies, including the implementation of vibration-dampening seats, noise control measures, and enhanced training programs, the study found that these interventions led to a substantial improvement in operator efficiency and a reduction in workplace accidents. These results highlight the critical need for targeted ergonomic and engineering solutions to improve safety and productivity in the seaport industrial environment.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Forklift, Noise, Vibration, Operators, Operational efficiency, Nigerian seaports, Mitigation strategies

  References
  [1] Y.H. Yu, H. Laszlo, B. Peter, “Measurement and Analysis of Industrial Forklifts Vibration Levels for Unit Load Testing Purposes”, Journal of Applied Science, pp. 1 -12. (2021). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/app11072901
  [2] J. Jimenez, A. Sharotry, M. Mendez, A. Francis, "Forklift operator Safety & Productivity: A Review of Current Research and Future Directions". 16th Proceedings Dresden Germany, 2023.
  [3] H. F. Ryou, P.W. Johnson, J. H. Kim, E. Seto, “A Comparison of Forklift Operator Whole-Body Vibration Exposures When Operating Forklifts with and Without a Mast Damping System”, In: Black, N.L., Neumann, W.P., Noy, I. (eds). Proceedings of the 21st Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021). IEA 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 222. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74611-7_112, 2021.
  [4] Safe Work Australia. Managing Noise and Preventing Hearing Loss at Work – Code of Practice’, Safe Work Australia, 2015.
  [5] J. Hoy “Whole body vibration and posture as risk factors for low back pain among forklift truck drivers”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 284, issue 3, pp. 933 - 946. 2015.
  [6] R. P. Juan, C.O Cristina, M.C. Noel, A. C. Andres, L. M. Carmen, “Assessment of Spinal Range of Motion and Musculoskeletal Discomfort in Forklift Drivers”, A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Environmental research and public health, vol. 18 issue. 6, p. 2947, 2021.
  [7] Z, D., X. Zhang, "Research on Fatigue Monitoring of Forklift Driver Driving in an Automobile Enterprise” 2020.
  [8] Y.H. Yu, H. Laszlo, B. Peter, “Measurement and Analysis of Industrial Forklifts Vibration Levels for Unit Load Testing Purposes”, Journal of Applied Science, pp. 1 -12. (2021).
  [9] M. P. H. Smets, “Effect of Noise and Vibration on Cognitive Performance and Fatigue during Simulated Vehicle Driving.”. Journal of Ergonomics, vol. 56, issue 2, pp. 249-262, 2013
  [10] I. Eger, T. Stevenson, J. Callaghan, J. Genie, “Influence of Seated Whole-Body Vibration on Posture and Discomfort in Health Care Workers Operating Forklifts”, Journal of Ergonomics, vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 1451-1461, 2010.
  [11] M.S. Islam, A. Anwar, S. Ali, “Impact of Vibration and Noise on Forklift Operators` Performance in Seaport Terminals”, Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, vol. 29, issue 2, 105-118, 2023
  [12] J. Meireles, V. Carneiro, “Recent Advances in Vibration Mitigation for Industrial Vehicles”, Vibration, vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 1-18, 2023.
  [13] A. Piette, J. Malchaire, I. Mullier, “Quantitative Analysis of Vibration Exposure in Forklift Operations”, Annals of Work Exposures and Health, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 79-91, 2023.
  [14] L. Rodríguez, J. Campos, “Noise Pollution in Seaport Logistics: Addressing Forklift Operators` Health”. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, vol. 54, 55-70, 2024.
  [15] Litum, Inc. “Pathways to Safer Forklift Operations: Integrating Advanced Safety Technologies”, Litum Safety Reports, 2024.
  [16] R. Singh, P. Gupta, “Ergonomic Assessment of Noise and Vibration Effects on Forklift Operators in Ports”, Journal of Maritime Technology and Research, vol. 12, issue 3, pp. 221-235, 2024.
  [17] Y. Wang, H. Li, “Mitigating Vibration in Material Handling Equipment: A Case Study on Forklifts”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 112671, pp. 589, 2023.
  [18] F. Akinsola, “Noise and Vibration Control in Nigerian Seaports: Challenges and Solutions”, African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, pp. 203-215, 2023.

  Citation
  Chijioke Udechukwu Akpudo, "Impact of Noise and Vibrational Factors on Forklift Operators Efficiency and Evaluating Mitigation Strategies in Nigeria Seaport Terminals," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.12, Issue.3, pp.65-70, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  The Efficacy of Pension Administrative Reforms on Retirees’ Benefits in Tanzania: The Case of Ilala District

  Paul Mtasigazya

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp.71-83, Sep-2024

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  Abstract
  This paper investigated the efficacy of pension administration to the pensioners in Tanzania. In many Countries in Africa, including Tanzania, there is a tremendous increase of pension schemes that cover public and private sectors’ employees. The pension schemes in Tanzania have undergone legal and institutional reforms for the purpose of increasing efficacy i.e on the coverage and benefits to their members. Despite these reforms, there is a paucity of knowledge as to whether the reforms have turned into tangible benefits and minimized administrative challenges that hamper the efficiency and effective administration of the retirement benefits. This study is more significant because pension schemes are relevant for social economic well-being of retirees in any country such as Tanzania. This paper was guided by the following research objectives: i.to explore the satisfaction of pensioners with pension administration system in Tanzania, ii.to examine the effect of pension administrative reforms on the coverage of pension in Tanzania iii.to explore the accountability on pension administration system in Tanzania (i.e timely payment of pensions and calculation of pension) and to investigate the challenges facing pension administrative process in Tanzania. This study used a case study research design and data were collected from 64 respondents through interviews and documentary review. The findings indicate that there is a low coverage of pension schemes, delay in payment of the pension benefits of the retirees. Furthermore, there were institutional design and governance challenges facing pension schemes in Tanzania. This paper concludes that there is a need to reform and restructure pension institutions and change the working culture and altitudes of the pension administrators in Tanzania so as to mitigate challenges underscored in this study. The PSSSF and NSSF should review the processing of terminal benefits of retirees’ workflow. This includes regular review of a Client Service Charter which can incorporate all core activities and the whole process of terminal benefits indicating exact time a certain activity is going to be initiated and completed and identify who will be accountable for what. Client service charter will do away with delay of pension benefits. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that mitigating the challenges facing pension administration would result into increasing work commitment, timely provision of pension benefits across all pension institutions in order to improve good standard of living to the retirees.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Efficacy, Pension Administrative reforms, Retirees Pension Benefits

  References
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  Citation
  Paul Mtasigazya, "The Efficacy of Pension Administrative Reforms on Retirees’ Benefits in Tanzania: The Case of Ilala District," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.12, Issue.3, pp.71-83, 2024