Callus Induction, Anti Microbial Screening and in Vitro Plantlet Regeneration of Adansonia Digitata L.: Anendangered Medicinal Tree

Singh Sugandha¹

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Isroset-Journal
Vol.2 , Issue.5 , pp.10-16, Sep-2015

Online published on Nov 15, 2015

Copyright © Singh Sugandha . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

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Abstract :
Adansonia digitata L. (Bombacaceae) is a majestic tree revered in Africa for its immense medicinal and nutritional value. Commonly called as Baobab, the tree is stem succulent and is native to dry regions of tropical Africa, Australia and Madagascar. The tree can grow up to 25 metres in height, 28 metres in girth and may live for several hundred years. Being one of the largest and world’s oldest tree, Baobab was introduced in India by Muslim traders almost 500 years ago. Adansonia has very limited distribution in India and in Madhya Pradesh. In India, it is commonly called as ‘Kalpavriksha’, ‘Mandav imli’, ‘Khursani imli’, etc. The tree is known for its high economic value as well as numerous biological properties including anti-malarial, anti-pyretic, anti-oxidant etc. and almost every part of the tree is found to be useful for treatment of various diseases. At present, it faces a crisis of survival due to lack of knowledge and awareness on the need to protect and conserve it. The present study was carried out to isolate important bioactive components using cell and suspension cultures, to determine antimicrobial activity and to standardize a protocol for in vitro propagation of this rare woody tree species. Plant growth regulators like BAP, NAA, TDZ were used for callus induction and formation of somatic embryos. Various parts like leaf and fruit pulp were used and their extracts were prepared in methanol and aqueous solvents. The anti-bacterial activity was evaluated against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Looking into its extremely thin distribution in the Indian sub-continent, tissue culture approaches have been initiated for its future conservation. An in vitro protocol was developed for shoot induction using seedling explants and BAP, Kinetin as growth regulators. Results indicate that the leaves and fruit pulp show remarkable bioactivity against Staphylococcus aureus. These can be considered as good potential drug candidates as antibacterial agents. Maximum callus induction occurred in leaf explants with a combination of BAP (2 mg/l) and NAA (7 mg/l). The apical explants were found more responsive to kinetin as compared to BAP and more responsive in MS as compared to WPM medium for the induction of shoots. 70% shoot induction occurred with BAP (0.5 mg/l) and Kinetin (2 mg/l). Thus, a standard protocol was generated for shoot multiplication using tissue culture techniques for conservation of this medicinal tree. The conservation strategy under Indian sub-tropical states will help in studying its medicinal properties for further research on this multipurpose tree species.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Adansonia digitata, Baobab, medicinal, anti-bacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, callus, shoot induction, 6-BAP

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