Growth Dynamics of Major Mangrove Species in the Sundarbans Reserve Forest of Bangladesh

ASM Helal Siddqui¹ , Md. Akramul Islam²

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp.16-24, Oct-2021

Online published on Oct 31, 2021

Copyright © ASM Helal Siddqui, Md. Akramul Islam . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

View this paper at   Google Scholar | DPI Digital Library

XML View     PDF Download

How to Cite this Paper

Abstract :
To conduct the present study, data was collected from 33 Permanent Sample Plots with a view to observing the growth dynamics of important mangrove species with a multistage sampling technique in the Sundarbans Reserved Forest (SRF), Bangladesh. The salinity of the soil varies from 5 to 28 ppt and PH ranges from 5.0 to 6.0. There were 25970 ha-1 of seedlings in the LSWZ (>5 ppt), 32212 ha-1 in the MSWZ (5-18 ppt), and 26424 ha-1 in the SSWZ (>18 ppt). The chronology of the total number of seedlings in each salinity zone were 43%, 24%, and 33% respectively. Total numbers of regeneration for H fomes 9303, 5970 and 4818; E agallocha 7273, 12970, 3091; for C decandra 2303, 636, 11242; for X moluccensis 879, 909,233; for B sexangula 2788, 1303, 152; for S apetala 333, 1273, 0; for A officinalis 697, 636, 30; for C ramiflora 758, 30,0; for A corniculatum 242, 30, 4576; for R apiculata 121, 606,0; for A cucullata 394, 394, 182; for P paludosa 485, 0,0 and for N fruiticans 485, 455,0 in less, moderate and strong salinity zones consecutively. Total regeneration percentage with average annual increase of growth (DBH, cm and Height, m) of each species of H fomes 27.5%, 0.025 and 0.020; E agallocha 7.0%, 0.023 and 0.012; C decandra 39.2%, .033 and 0.034; B sexangula 13.6%, 0.156 and 0.055; X mekongensis 3.1%, 0.029 and 0.028; A officinalis 4.6%, 0.024 and 0.053; S apetala 0.8%, 0.146 and 0.348; A corniculatum 0.6%, 0.019 and 0.156 in different saline zone of Sundarbans.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Growth Dynamics, Mangrove, Permanent Sample Plots, Regeneration, Sundarbans

References :
[1] S Aksornkoae, Ecology and management of mangroves. IUCN, 1993. Bangkok, Thailand.
[2] E. Ashton, D.J., Macintosh, Preliminary assessment of the plant diversity and community ecology of the Sematan mangrove forest, Sarawak, Malaysia. For. Ecol. Manage. Vol.166, Issue.1–3, pp.111–129, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(01) 00673-9.
[3] T.Q. Bao, Effect of mangrove forest structures on wave attenuation in coastal Vietnam. Oceanologia, Vol. 53, pp.807-18, 2011.
[4] M.R. Bhuiyan, Soils. FAO/UNDP: SRF, Khulna, Bangladesh, 1994.
[5] F. Blasco, M. Aizpuru,. Mangroves along the coastal stretch of the Bay of Bengal: present status of India, J. Mar. Sci, Vol.21,pp.9-20, 2002.
[6] B.R. Burns, J. Ogden, The demography of the temperate mangrove Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh at its southern limit in New Zealand. Aust. J. Ecol, Vol.10, Issue. 125–133, 1985.
[7] J.A. Canonizado and M.A., Hossain Integrated forest management plan for the Sundarbans Reserved Forest (Final Draft). Mandala Agricultural Development Corporation and Forest Department, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Bangladesh, 1998.
[8] CEGIS Coastal Land Use Zoning in the Southwest: Impact of Sea Level Rise on Landuse Suitability and Adaptation Options. Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), Dhaka, 2006.
[9] D.R. Chaffey, F.R. Miller, and J.H. Sandom, A forest inventory of the Sundarbans, Bangladesh, Main report. Overseas Development Administration, Land Resources Development Centre, England, 1985.
[10] A.M. ChoudhuryWorking plan for the Sundarbans Forest division from the period of 1960-1961 to 1979 -1980 Dacca: East Pakistan Government Press, Vol. 3, 1968.
[11] S.J. Curtis, Working plan for the forests of the Sundarbans Division for the period from 1st April 1931 to 31st March 1951, Volume III Part of Appendix III Description of the Compartments and their Histories. Government of Bengal, 1933.
[12] P. Das, U. Basak, & A. Das. Restoration of the mangrove vegetation in the Mahanadi delta, Orissa, India. Mangroves and Salt Marshes,Vol.1, Issue. 155–161., 1997. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009980023264
[13] Das, S. and Siddiqi, N. A., “The mangrove and mangrove forest of Bangladesh,” Mangrove Silviculture Division Bulletin no. 2, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI), Chittagong, pp. 142, 1985.
[14] T. Dey, S. Ahmed, M.A. Islam, Relationships of tree height-diameter at breast height (DBH) and crown diameter-DBH of Acacia auriculiformis plantation. Asian Journal of Forestry. Vol. 5, Issue. 2, pp. 71-75, 2021. E-ISSN: 2580-2844 DOI: 10.13057/asianjfor/r050203
[15] T. Dey, M. Kamruzzaman, M. A. Islam, B. K. Bachar, and M. N. S. Pitol, Attitudes of local people towards community based eco-tourism in the Sundarbans. International Journal of Business, Management and Social Research, Vol. 09, Issue.02, pp. 528-535. , 2020. https://doi.org/10.18801/ijbmsr.090220.55.
[16] T. Dey, M.G.M. Rajib, M.A. Islam, People’s Perceptions about the Socio-Economic and Environmental Impact of Coastal Green Belt in Bangladesh. Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI). Vol. 2, Issue.2, 2021. DOI: 10.47540/ijsei.v2i2.280.
[17] D.C. Donato, J.B. Kauffman, D. Murdiyarso, S.Kurnianto, & M. Stidham, Mangroves among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 4, Issue.1–5, 2011.
[18] M. Faizuddin, M. M. Rahman, & M. Shahidullah. Study on the natural regenerations of the major mangrove tree species in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh. Proceedings of the IUFRO Conference held on 10- 13 June, 1996, Copenhagen. pp 22-29, 1996
[19] FAO, Mangrove forest management guidelines, Forestry paper no 117. FAO, Rome, 1994.

[20] Forestal, Forest Inventory 1958–59, Sundarbans Forest.2 volumes. Forestal,Oregon, Canada, 1960.
[21] Gan, B.K., A Working Plan for the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (Fourth Revision). Published by the State Forest Department of Perak Darul Ridzuan,Malaysia, pp. 214,1995.
[22] SMS. Haque, MK. Hossain, MA. Kabir, Performance of some common mangrove species in Sitakunda and Mirersarai Forest Ranges under Chittagong Coastal Afforestation Division. The Chittagong Univ J Sci. Vol.24, Issue.2, pp.1–10, 2000.
[23] M.M. Hasan, A.H.Mazumder, A.T.M. Nurul Islam, & A.T.M. Emdad Hossain, Soil Hydrology and salinity of the Sundarbans in Relation to Top dying, Regeneration and Survival of Sundri (Heritiera fomes) Trees. Bangladesh Agricultural Rersearch Council, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1988.
[24] A.S.M. Helal Siddiqui, Ek Pllock A Sundarban ( Sundarban at a glance). Published by Rezina Begum, Riphat Kuthir, Bhatghara , Khordaraigram, Kaligonj, Jhenaidah, ISBN-948-31-0272-2, pp.1-64 1998.
[25] A.S.M. Helal Siddiqui, & M. A. Islam, Survivality and Growth Performance of Jarul (Lagerstroemia speciosa) in the Raised Land of Less Saline Water Zone in the Sundarbans. International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research (IJAIR), (India) Vol. 8, Issue 2, pp. 144-150, 2019. ISSN (Online): 2316-1473. https://www.ijair.org/index.php/issues?view=publication&task=show&id=1298.
[26] A.S.M. Helal Siddiqui, & M. A. Islam, Vegetation scenarios of artificially planted mangrove species in the Sundarbans as a tool to mitigate climate change issues in Bangladesh, Indian Forester, Vol. 146, Issue.8: 736-583, 2020. DOI: 10.36808/if/2020/v146i8/148406 ISSN: 0019-4816 eISSN: 2321-094X. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344650085
[27] A.S.M. Helal Siddiqui, M.N.S. Pitol, M.M. Rahman, M.A. Islam, S.M.M.H. Hasan, Seedling Diversity Considerably Changes Near Localities in Three Salinity Zones of Sundarbans Mangrove Forest, Bangladesh. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology,Vol. 6, Issue. 3, pp. 1-14, 2021. DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.65241.
[28] M. E. Hoq, Sundarbans Mangrove: Fish and fisheries: Ecology, resources, productivity and management perspectives, Graphic Media, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. 271, 2008.
[29] G. M. Hossain, “Ecosystem health status assessment of the Sundarbans mangrove forest in Bangladesh,” PhD Dissertation, Submitted to Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh, ,pp. 212, 2013.
[30] Z. Hussain, & G.Acharya, (eds.) “Mangroves of the Sundarbans, Volume Two: Bangladesh,” IUCN, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 257,1994.
[31] Iftekhar MS and Saenger P., Vegetation dynamics in the Bangladesh Sundarbans mangroves: a review of forest inventories. Wetl. Ecol Manag.16, 291–312, 2008.
[32] M.S. Iftekhar, P. Saenger, Vegetation dynamics in the Bangladesh Sundarbans mangroves: a review of forest inventories. Wetlands Ecol Manage 16, 291–312, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-007-9063-5
[33] S. M. Iftekhar, & R.M. Islam, “Degradation of Bangladesh Sundarbans: A management issue,” Int. Forestry Rev., Vol.6, Issue. 4, pp.123-135, 2004.
[34] A Islam, A Sharmin, R Biswas, T Dey, BK Bachar et al., Utilization of Minor Forest Products of the Sundarbans in Bangladesh. Adv in Agri, Horti and Ento: AAHE-126., 2020. .https://kosmospublishers.com/utilization-of-minor-forest-products-of-the-sundarbans-in-bangladesh/.
[35] M. A. Islam, Status of Social Forestry for the Socio-Economic Development in the Coastal Belt of Sundarban. International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research (IJAIR), (India). Vol.8, Issue.3, 2019. ISSN (Online) 2319-147. https://www.ijair.org/administrator/components/com_jresearch/files/publications/IJAIR_3115_FINAL.pdf.
[36] M.S. Islam, & M.A. Wahab, A review on the present status and management of mangrove wetland habitat resources in Bangladesh with emphasis on mangrove fisheries and aquaculture. Hydrobiologia 542:165–190, 2005.
[37] S. Islam, Sustainable Eco-tourism as a practical site management policy. AHDPH, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2003.
[38] M.A. Islam, L, A. Aktar, S. M. R. Jubair, T. Dey, and R Biswas, Addressing Farmer’s Perceptions-attitudes and Constraints to Adopt Agroforestry adjacent to the Coastal Belt of Sundarbans, European Journal of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Vol.3, Issue.4, 2021, ISSN: 2684-1827. DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.4.304
[39] IUCN–Bangladesh, The Bangladesh Sundarbans: a photoreal sojourn. IUCN-The World Conservation Union Bangladesh country office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2001.
[40] A. Karim, Report on mangrove silviculture, Integrated Resource Development of the Sundarbans Reserved Forest, Bangladesh. FAO/UNDP Project BGD/ 84/056, vol 1. 1995.
[41] M. N. A. Katebi, “Sundarbans and forestry,” In: M. Haider (ed.), Cyclone’91- An environmental and perceptional study, BCAS, Dhaka, pp. 79-100, 2001.
[42] K.W. Krauss, C.E. Lovelock, K.L. McKee, Lo ´pez-Hoffman, L., S.M.L. Ewe, W.P. Sousa, Environmental drivers in mangrove establishment and early development: A review. Aquat. Bot. 89, pp.105–127, 2008.
[43] H. Mahmood, et al. Which option best estimates the above-ground biomass of mangroves of Bangladesh?: pantropical or site- and species-specific models?? Which option best estimates the above-ground biomass of mangroves of Bangladesh?: pantropical or site- and species-specific models?? Wetl. Ecol. Manag, 2019.
[44] Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Current State and Trends. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Series XXI. Island Press,Washington.Availableat:https://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.766.aspx.pdf, 2005.
[45] N. Mukherjee, W.J., L. Sutherland, Dicks, Ecosystem service valuations of mangrove ecosystems to inform decision making and future valuation exercises. PLoS ONE. Vol. 9, Issue. 9, 1-9, 2014.
[46] M.L. Palacios, J.R. Cantera, Mangrove timber use as an ecosystem service in the Colombian Pacific. Hydrobiologia, Vol. 803 Issue. 1, 345-58, 2017.
[47] C. Giri, B. Pengra, Z. Zhu, A. Singh, L.L. Tieszen, Momitoring mangrove forest dynamics of the Sundarbans in Bangladesh and India using multi-temporal satellite data from 1973 to 2000.Estuarine, coastal and shelf science, Vol.73, pp. 91-100, 2007.
[48] M. M. Rahman, Regeneration status of major mangrove species in the Sundarban Mangrove Forest of Bangladesh. International Journal of Business Social and Scientific Research, Vol. 5, Issue.3, pp.71-76, 2017.
[49] J.A.V. Revilla, I.U. Ahmad, and M.A. Hossain, Final report: forest inventory of the Sundarbans Reserved Forest. Forest Resources Management Project, Forest Department, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Vol. 2. 1998.
[50] A.K.D. Roy & K.Alam, Participatory forest management for the sustainable management of the Sundarbans mangrove forest. Amer J Env Sc. Vol. 8, Issue. 5, pp. 549–555, 2012.
[51] S. K. Sarker, R. Reeve, J. Thompson, N. K. Paul, & J.Matthiopoulos, Are we failing to protect threatened mangroves in the Sundarbans world heritage ecosystem?? Nat. Publ. Gr.,2016. doi:10.1038/srep21234.
[52] R. Sheikh, M. A. Islam, A. Sharmin, R. Biswas, & J. Kumar, Sustainable Agroforestry Practice in Jessore District of Bangladesh. European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Vol. 3, Issue. 1, 1-10, 2021. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.1.150.
[53] N.A. Siddiqi, Mangrove forestry in Bangladesh. Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh, 2001.
[54] P.B.L. Srivastava, H.S. Bal, Composition and distribution pattern of natural regeneration after second thinning in Matang mangrove reserve, Perak Malay- sia. In: Soepadimo, E., Rao, A.N., Macintosh, D.J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Asian Symposium on Mangrove Environment: Research Managements, Kuala Lumpar, Malaysia, pp. 761–784, 1984.
[55] M. M. Than, Y Mochida, & M., Kogo, Survival and growth performances of some mangrove species replanted in the exagricultural land of the Ayeyarwady Delta in Myanmar.TROPICS, Vol. 15, Issue.1, 2006.
[56] The Daily Star, Website-http://archive.thedailystar.net/ newDesign/news details.php?nid=209899, 2011.
[57] S.M. Wahid, “Hydrological study of the Sundarbans,” UNDP/FAO project BGD/84/056, Department of Forest, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. 16-34, 1995.