Volume-06 , Special Issue-01 , 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Digital Image Processing-An Elegant Technology to Perceive Diseases in Plants

  Gouri M. Patil

  Research Paper | Journal Paper (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.06 , Special Issue.01 , pp.43-47, Jan-2018

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  Abstract
  Agricultural production quality and quantity can be enhanced using precision agriculture. In India, many plants used as medicine as well as their flowers for decoration and worship. Significant threats to production of such crops are affected by various diseases and hard to control. The fungus is one of the disorders which is commonly and mostly affects these plans. Symptoms of fungus on leaves are different as tan or different colored spots like yellow, brown with low to high infection intensity. The fungus produces chemicals which are harmful to plant growth as well as affects the human health [3]. The fungal disease causes plants to die prematurely and need to detect. That can avoid the distortion of these valuable plants and all its parts. The emergence of Digital Image Processing is helpful in precision agriculture. With the various processing of these plant images, it is possible to detect the plant disease. The research proposes the model to identify the fungus infection of Lotus Leaf.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Fungus, DIP, ED, Threshold

  References
  [1]. Erick D Wolf, James Shroyer, and Brian Olson, "Wheat disease identification" NCERA-184 and WERA-97, Kansas State University.
  [2]. Jagadeesh D. Pujari, Rajesh, Abdul Munaf, Syedhusain Byadgi, "SVM & ANN based classification of plant diseases Using Feature Reduction Technique" International Journal of IM&AI ( Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence), Yr. 2016.
  [3]. Manisha Kaushal, Arjan Singh, Baljit Singh, "Adaptive Thresholding for Edge Detection in Gray Scale Images" International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Volume 2(6), 2010, 2077-2082, ISSN: 0975-5462, pp. 2077- 2082.
  [4]. The clinic University of Nebraska,"Plant and Pest Diagnostic" Clinic University of Nebraska-Lincoln 448 Plant Sciences Hall Lincoln, NE 68583-0722 (402) 472-2559, Department of Agriculture (USDA). March 2011
  [5]. R. C. Gonzalez and R.E. Woods, "Digital Image Processing" Addison-Wesley, New York (2005).
  [6]. R. Maheswaran, S. Muruganand, and C. Hemalatha, "Hybrid Embedded System Design for Real-time Monitoring Growth & Detection of Diseases in Oryza Sativa and Triticum Aestivum" International Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Engineering and Technology -2015, pp-23-32.
  [7]. Sanjay B. Dhaygude, Mr.Nitin P.Kumbhar,"Agricultural plant Leaf Disease Detection Using Image Processing" International Journal of Advanced Research in EEIE (Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering), Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013
  [8]. Sarika Datir, “Monitoring and Detection of Agricultural Disease using Wireless Sensor Network” International Journal of Computer Applications, February 2014, ISSN:0975 – 8887, Volume-87, Issue-4
  [9]. Shitala Prasad, Piyush Kumar, “Plant Leaf Disease Detection Using Gabor Wavelet Transform” SEMCCO 2012, LNCS 7677, pp. 372–379, 2012, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
  [10]. Supriya S. Patki, Dr. G. S. Sable, “Cotton Leaf Disease Detection” IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP) Volume 6, Issue-3, Ver-I -May-Jun 2016.
  [11]. S. Manimegalai, “Apple Leaf Disease Identification using Support Vector Machine” International Conference on Emerging Trends in Applications of Computing ( IC ETAC 2K17 ), pp. 1-4, ISSN: 2394-2231
  [12]. Tirath Sahu, Yogendra Jain "Improved Simplified Novel Method for Edge Detection in Grayscale Images using adaptive Thresholding" Journal of Advances in Computer Networks, Volume 3, No. 2, June 2015, DOI: 10.7763/JACN.2015.V3.159, pp. 157-161
  

  Citation
  Gouri M. Patil, "Digital Image Processing-An Elegant Technology to Perceive Diseases in Plants," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.06, Issue.01, pp.43-47, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Document Image Noises and Removal Methods

  Gayatri. D. Patil, Lubdha. M. Bendale, Roshani. L. Jain

  Research Paper | Journal Paper (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.06 , Special Issue.01 , pp.48-63, Jan-2018

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  Abstract
  Document Image processing is the process in which, the important paper document like annual reports , certificates, charter, concept statement, news papers, Xerox papers or many others are first scanned and then stored that scanned images in the hard Disk or any particular location. The stored images will be in compatible electronic format, which images we can access easily. Document image processing (DIP) is management of documents throughout their life cycle from creation to death. It includes the capture of documents as digital images, typically by means of document scanners, and the storage, indexing, retrieval, processing, transmission, and printing of these documents.Document images contaminated by noise during scanning, transmission or conversion to digital form.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Noise-Marginal, Max & Min, Median, Wiener, Midpoint

  References
  1) Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt-and-pepper_noise
  2) Retrieved from http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117104069/chapter_8/8_16.html
  3) Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/sardaralam1/filters-for-noise-in-image-processing
  4) Fana, K.-C., Wangb, Y.-K., & Laya, T.-R. (2002). Marginal noise removal of document images. Pattern Recognition, 35, 2593-2611.
  5) Farahmand, A., Sarrafzadeh, ,. A., & Shanbehzadeh, J. (2013). Document Image Noises and Removal Methods. Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, I.
  6) www.cvisiontech.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cvisiontech.com/library/pdf/pdf-document/document-image-processing.html
  7) https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiZwPCC243XAhWLpY8KHdHPAcAQFggnMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uta.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fkrrao%2Fdip%2FCourses%2FEE5356%2Fproject7.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0N3NYEH_-JSkY5taXiNWQu

  Citation
  Gayatri. D. Patil, Lubdha. M. Bendale, Roshani. L. Jain, "Document Image Noises and Removal Methods," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.06, Issue.01, pp.48-63, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  A Review Paper on Data Hiding Techniques: Stegnography

  Harshal V. Patil1, B. H. Barhate2

  Review Paper | Journal Paper (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.06 , Special Issue.01 , pp.64-67, Jan-2018

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  Abstract
  Everyone wants the secrecy and safety of their communicating data. In our daily life, we use many secure pathways like internet or telephone for transferring and sharing information, but it`s not safe at a certain level. In the last few years, the security of data over the internet has become a very difficult task. With the increasing usage of internet, the protection of information has become a very important Issue. Information security is one of most important concern in any communication. Data hiding is related field to information security. This is made people to worry about their privacy and works. Steganography is a technique that prevents unauthorized users to have access to the important data. It is the science of hiding the information into the other information so that the hidden information appears to be nothing to the human eyes. In this paper we review different Steganography techniques for hiding the data.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Stegnography, Stego-Key, Stego-File, LSB, BPCP, PVD, DCT, PSNR

  References
  [1] N. F. Johnson, S. Jajodia, “Exploring Steganography: Seeing the Unseen”, IEEE Computer vol. 31, issue 2, pp. 26-34, 1998.
  [2]. Atallah M. & Al-Shatnawi, (2012) A New Method in Image Steganography with Improved Image Quality, Applied Mathematical Sciences, 6, pp. 3907-391.
  [3]. Barhate, B.H. & Ramteke. R.J., (2015), Audio Steganography using Combination of LSB and Key for Images, Audio and Text Messages, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 5(7), pp. 231-236.
  [4]. Doshi,R., & Jain, P., & Gupta, L., (2012) Steganography and Its Applications in Security, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, 2(6), pp. 4634-4638.
  [5]. Gunjan Chugh, (2013), Image Steganography Techniques: A Review Article, Acta Technica Corviniensis – Bulletin of Engineering, VI, pp. 97-104
  [6]. Rakhi, & Gawande, S.,(2013) A Review On Steganography Methods, IJAREEIE, 2(10), pp. 4635-4638.
  [7] Anjali A. Shejul, Prof. U. L. Kulkarni, “A DWT based Approach for Steganography using Biometric”, International Conference on Data Storage and Data Engineering, IEEE, pp. 39-43.
  

  Citation
  Harshal V. Patil1, B. H. Barhate2, "A Review Paper on Data Hiding Techniques: Stegnography," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.06, Issue.01, pp.64-67, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  An approach for securing SWIPING MACHINE transactions

  Mrunal A. Mahajan

  Research Paper | Journal Paper (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.06 , Special Issue.01 , pp.68-72, Jan-2018

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  Abstract
  There is a pressing want for rising security in banking region. With the appearance of Swiping Machine through banking, shopping, selling, purchasing, transferring, accepting funds became plenty easier it even became plenty vulnerable. The probabilities of misuse of this abundant hyped ‘insecure’ baby product (Swiping Machine) area unit manifold as a result of the exponential growth of ‘intelligent’ criminals day by day. Swiping Machine systems these days use no over AN access card and PIN for biometric identification. This case is unfortunate since tremendous progress has been created in biometric authentication techniques, together with finger printing, face recognition, and biometric identification.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Iris technology, Biometric, finger print, Retina Scanning, Infrared (IR)

  References
  [1]. [Online]. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_recognition.
  [2]. [Online]. - http://www.biometricupdate.com/201307/explainer-retinal-scan-echnology.
  [3]. [Online]. - https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/fingerprints_biometrics/biometric-center-of-excellence/modalities/iris-scan.
  [4]. [Online]. - https://www.google.co.in/search?biw=1366&bih=586&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=digital+swipe+card+machine+with+biometric+security&oq=digital+swipe+card+machine+with+biometric+security&gs_l=psy-ab.3...8985.17816.0.18146.24.23.0.0.0.0.311.2892.0j9j4j1.14.0....0...1.1..
  [5]. [Online]. - https://www.google.co.in/search?biw=1366&bih=586&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=digital+swipe+card+machine+with+biometric+security&oq=digital+swipe+card+machine+with+biometric+security&gs_l=psy-ab.3...8985.17816.0.18146.24.23.0.0.0.0.311.2892.0j9j4j1.14.0....0...1.1..
  [6]. [Online]. - https://www.google.co.in/search?biw=1366&bih=586&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=retina+scanner+machine&oq=retina+scanner+mac&gs_l=psy-ab.1.0.0i24k1.56489.60149.0.61740.4.4.0.0.0.0.298.781.2-3.3.0....0...1.1.64.psy-ab..1.3.779...0.0.4Bzz98VS9UA#imgrc=JraC3KDL2RfctM.
  [7]. [Online]. - https://www.google.co.in/search?q=rates+of+attacks+on+swipe+card+machines&tbm=isch&tbs=rimg:CRYVMgdY9z7pIjjQmCojc71gclT3I_1Js_1JBNvuzSS1DdlkRKiJYppvFJhe1V762k4UDPWPM0KGLauUfOqsCD38GRoioSCdCYKiNzvWByEdJgZbGGzcrEKhIJVPcj8mz8kE0RvpP5TK09-lEqEgm-7NJLUN2WRB.
  [8]. [Online] = Magnetic Swipe Card System Security / auth. Ramsbrock Daniel. - https://www.cs.umd.edu/~jkatz/THESES/ramsbrock.pdf.
  [9]. Network Security [Book] / auth. Collins Michael.
  
  

  Citation
  Mrunal A. Mahajan, "An approach for securing SWIPING MACHINE transactions," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.06, Issue.01, pp.68-72, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Image Enhancement Using Different Techniques

  Roshani. L.Jain, Lubdha M. Bendale, Gayatri D. Patil

  Review Paper | Journal Paper (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.06 , Special Issue.01 , pp.73-76, Jan-2018

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  Abstract
  Image enhancement is one of the important technique in image processing area. The main aim of this technique is to increase the quality of image and information of text in the image .The concept of image enhancement is to improve the visualization & perception of information in images for users, or to provide `better` image for other automated image processing techniques. In this paper we have represent how different techniques to enhance the quality of an image. Histogram & filtering methods how can be used for the image enhancement. Histogram technique is usually works on how to increase the contrast of an image. This paper presents the review of different histogram.In Filtering techniques, we used different types of filters for image enhancement.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Image enhancement, Histogram Equilisation, median filter, Technique, Contrast

  References
  [1] International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN:2319-7242 Volume 6 Issue 5 May 2017, Page No.21443-21447Review Paper on Image Enhancement and Its Techniques Amanjot Kaur Randhawa 1 , Alka Bamotra 2
  [2] A Comprehensive Review of Image Enhancement Techniques,H. K.Sawant, Mahentra Deor International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering(IJCTEE)Volume 1,Issue 2,ISSN 2249-6343
  [3] Randhava,A.& Bamotra,A.(2017,May).Review paper on Image Enhancement and Its Techniquess. International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science,VI(5),21443-21447.

  Citation
  Roshani. L.Jain, Lubdha M. Bendale, Gayatri D. Patil, "Image Enhancement Using Different Techniques," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.06, Issue.01, pp.73-76, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  A survey of Possible Attacks on Text & Graphical Password Authentication Techniques

  Sanjay E. Pate, Bhojaraj H. Barhate

  Survey Paper | Journal Paper (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.06 , Special Issue.01 , pp.77-80, Jan-2018

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  Abstract
  The process of verifying a user`s identity is typically referred to as user authentication. Information Security and Authentication is now a key issue in the world. Gradually end users of Internet improved. General uses of the Internet are searching, e-mail, social networking, e-banking, e-governance, etc. User Authentication is the process of determining whether the user should be authorized to access information or not. Alphanumeric or text passwords are mostly used mechanism for authentication. But these are susceptible to a dictionary, brute force and guessing attacks. Resolution is to use Graphical Password, is more secure, reliable technique for authentication. Graphical passwords allow users to remember pictures/images instead of text which helps them to remember the passwords easily. But these are also vulnerable to the dictionary, brute force and guessing attacks. In this paper, Text-based password and graphical password techniques for Authentication are just discussed, and possible attacks on them are summarized.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Phishing, bots, OCR, PIN

  References
  [1] Adams, A., and Sasse, M. A., "Users are not the enemy: why userscompromise computer security mechanisms and how to take remedialmeasures," Communications of the ACM, vol. 42, pp. 41-46, 1999.
  [2] Herley, C., Van Oorschot, P. and Patrick, A., “Passwords: If We‟re So Smart,Why Are We Still Using Them?” in Financial Cryptography and DataSecurity, LNCS 5628, Springer, 2009.
  [3] Ives, B., Walsh, K.R., Schneider. H., The domino effect of password reuse,Communications of the ACM 47, 75-78, 2004.
  [4] Hayashi, E. and N. Christin, Use Your Illusion: Secure Authentication Usable Anywhere, in Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Usable privacy and security (SOUPS).2008,ACM.
  [5] Lawrence O‟Gorman. Comparing Passwords, Tokens, and Biometrics for User Authentication.Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 91, NO. 12, Pages 2022-2033.December 2003.
  [6] Monrose, F. and Reiter, M. Graphical passwords. Security and Usability:Designing Secure Systems That People Can Use, L. Cranor and S. Garfinkel,Eds. O‟Reilly Media, Chapter 9, 157–174. 2005.
  [7] Renaud, K. “Evaluating authentication mechanisms,” Security and Usability:Designing Secure Systems That People Can Use, L. Cranor and S. Garfinkel,Eds. O‟Reilly Media, 2005, ch. 6, pp. 103–128.
  [8] Renaud, K. “Guidelines for designing graphical authentication mechanisminterfaces”, International Journal of Information and Computer Security, vol.3, no. 1, pp. 60–85, June 2009.
  [9] Sasse, M., Brostoff, S., and Weirich, D., Transforming the ‟Weakest Link‟ - AHuman/Computer Interaction Approach to Usable and Effective Security. BTTechnology Journal, 19(3):122–131, 2001.
  [10] Chiasson, S., et al., Multiple Password Interference in Text Passwords and Click-Based Graphical Passwords. ACM,2009
  [11] Suo, X., Zhu, Y. and Owen, G., Graphical passwords: A survey. Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC), December 2005
  [12] Vu, K.-P. L., Proctor, R., Bhargav-Spantzel, A., Tai, B.-L., Cook, J., andSchultz, E.2007.Improving password security and memorability to protectpersonal and Organizational information.International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 65, 744–757.
  [13] Wiedenbeck, S., Waters, J., Birget, J., Brodskiy, A. and Memon, N.,PassPoints: Design and longitudinal evaluation of a graphical passwordsystem. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 63(1-2):102/127,2005.2):102/127,2005.
  [14] Sonia Chiasson, P.C. van Oorschot, and Robert Biddle” Graphical Password Authentication Using Cued Click Points”
  [15] Jain, A., Ross, A. and Pankanti, S., “Biometrics: a tool for information security,” Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (TIFS), vol. 1,no. 2, pp. 125–143, 2006.
  [16] Monrose, F. and Reiter, M. Graphical passwords. Security and Usability: Designing Secure Systems That People Can Use, L. Cranor and S. Garfinkel, Eds. O‟Reilly Media, Chapter 9, 157–174. 2005
  [17] Arash Habibi Lashkari, Samaneh Farmand1”A new algorithm on Graphical User Authentication(GUA) based on multi-linegrids
  [18] S. Chiasson, P. C. van Oorschot, and R. Biddle, “A second lookat the usability of click-based graphical passwords,” in Proc.3rd Symp.Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS), Pittsburgh,PA, 2007.
  [19] D. Davis, F. Monrose, and M. Reiter, “On user choice ingraphical password schemes,” in 13th USENIX SecuritySymposium, 2004.
  [20]Passlogix, "www.passlogix.com," last accessed in June 2005.
  

  Citation
  Sanjay E. Pate, Bhojaraj H. Barhate, "A survey of Possible Attacks on Text & Graphical Password Authentication Techniques," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.06, Issue.01, pp.77-80, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Fungal Disease Detection of Lotus Leaf Using Digital Image Processing

  Vidya S. Barhate, Gouri M. Patil, Sweta G. Sonawane

  Research Paper | Journal Paper (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.06 , Special Issue.01 , pp.81-83, Jan-2018

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  Abstract
  Research in Botany grows day by day due to various new technologies. Botanical research desires to identify prevalence and the clinical patterns of superficial fungal infections among different plants. Detection of fungal disease is the most interesting research area of researches in early stages which one helps to survive the medicinal, beautiful, heavenly appearance plants and flowers. As the leaves provides the food to all over the plants, if it is possible to detect and cure the disease of leaf it will result the healthy plant and flowers. The Digital Image Processing - one of the new computer technologiescan be used to detect fungal disease of lotus leaf. For this research colored image of lotus leaf is used to detect fungal disease. Various image processing techniques like gray scale, thresholding and edge detection are applied on colored lotus leaf image. The resultant images detect the each and every cell infected by fungal as well as shows the intensity of fungal infection.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Digital Image Processing, Lotus leaf, Fungal diseases, Segmentation for Thresholding, Edge detection

  References
  [1]. Aniket Gaikwad, Azharuddin Inamdar, Vikas Behera,. ""Lung cancer detection using digital Image processing On CT scan Images",." International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology(IRJET), (Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2016).
  [2]. Komal Bodkhe,Nisha Thakur,Shraddha Deshmukh . "Analysis of Fungus in Plant Using Image Processing Techniques ." International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology (Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp: (12-18), Month: April 2015 – September 2015).
  [3]. Rajneet Kaur,Miss. Manjeet Kaur. "A Brief Review on Plant Disease Detection using in Image Processing." International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing (IJCSMC, Vol. 6, Issue. 2, February 2017, pg.101–106).
  [4]. SowmyaShree.N,Megha.S,Vidhya.K. "Image Processing System for Plant Disease Identification byUsing FCM-Clustering Technique." International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology(Volume3, Issue2) (n.d.).
  [5]. Sufiyan K Shekh, Aniket Baitule,Milind Narethe,Sangappa Mallad,. ""Detection of Leaf Diseases and Monitoring the Agricultural Resources using Android App",." International Journal of Innovative Research in Computerand Communication Engineering, ((An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)Vol. 3, Issue 10, October 2015).
  
  

  Citation
  Vidya S. Barhate, Gouri M. Patil, Sweta G. Sonawane, "Fungal Disease Detection of Lotus Leaf Using Digital Image Processing," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.06, Issue.01, pp.81-83, 2018