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• Open Access   Article

  Synthesis and Characterization of silver nanoparticles using Lablab purpureus flowers (Purple colour) and its anti-microbial activities

  N. Muruganantham, R. Govindharaju, P. Anitha, V. Anusuya

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp.1-7, Dec-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i6.17

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  In recent years, green Bio-synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained much interest from chemists and researchers. In this concern, Indian flora has yet to divulge innumerable sources of cost-effective, non –hazardous, reducing and stabilizing compounds utilized in preparing AgNPs. This study investigates an effective and sustainable route of AgNP preparation from 1 mM aqueous AgNO3 using extracts of Lablab purpureus flowers (purple colour) which are well adorned for their wide availability and medicinal property. The AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible (vis) spectrophotometer, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) analysis, and XRD. The AgNPs obtained from extracts significantly higher antimicrobial activities against staphylococcus aureus and E.Coli.in comparison to both AgNO3 and raw plant extracts. In totality, the AgNPs prepared are safe to be discharged in the environment and possibly utilized in process of pollution remediation. AgNPs may also be efficiently utilized in green research to obtain better health using crop plants as shown by our study.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Green synthesis, Lablab purpureus, Silver nanoparticles, SEM, Antimicrobial property

  References
  tuning of process variables may give the end product with typical physical characteristics.
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  Citation
  N. Muruganantham, R. Govindharaju, P. Anitha, V. Anusuya, "Synthesis and Characterization of silver nanoparticles using Lablab purpureus flowers (Purple colour) and its anti-microbial activities," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.6, pp.1-7, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  TRAIL (Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand) mediated Apoptosis of human breast cancer cells sensitized by dietary flavonoid Kaempferol

  Yogesh Pandey, Syed Hassan Mehdi, Md. Asad Khan, Preeti Bhatt, Chandra Kala Pant

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp.8-14, Dec-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i6.814

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  Kaempferol is one of the most prevailing flavonoid distributed in edible plants while TRAIL(tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand)is a promising anti-cancer agent. Resistance to TRAIL, limits its potential as a drug for cancer therapy. Cytotoxicity induced by Kaempferol and TRAIL alone and in combination was measured by MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by DNA fragmentation assay and measured by real time PCR and western blotting techniques. The study clearly showed the dose dependent cytotoxic effect of Kaempferol in combination with TRAIL in all the breast cancer cells. The dying cells showed characteristics of apoptosis such as DNA fragmentation in combined treatment with Kaempferol and TRAIL in human breast cancer cells appreciably, compared to single treatments. Furthermore, it has also been found that treatment with Kaempferol enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis by increasing expression of apoptosis-related proteins including caspase-3, 8, 9 and Bax and by decreasing the expression of Bcl-2. The present work for the first time shows that the combined treatment with Kaempferol and TRAIL drastically induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells as compared to single treatment. Thus, the data clearly demonstrates that Kaempferol sensitizes human breast cancer cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, which could have potential therapeutic significance in treating breast cancer.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Apoptosis, Kaempferol; TRAIL; Breast cancer;Cytotoxicity

  References
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  Citation
  Yogesh Pandey, Syed Hassan Mehdi, Md. Asad Khan, Preeti Bhatt, Chandra Kala Pant, "TRAIL (Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand) mediated Apoptosis of human breast cancer cells sensitized by dietary flavonoid Kaempferol," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.6, pp.8-14, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Lack of FSH2 alters phospholipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

  Ramachandran Gowsalya, Vasanthi Nachiappan

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp.15-19, Dec-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i6.1519

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  Alpha/beta hydrolase domain containing protein act as a key regulator of lipid metabolism is extensively studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the function of FSH2 in lipid metabolism is still elusive, and we tried to understand the biological importance of FSH2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In our study, a protein containing alpha/beta hydrolase domain and belonging to the family of serine hydrolase (FSH) also possessed motifs of lipase (GXSXG) and acyl transferase (HX4D) that were identified using in silico analysis. The overexpression of FSH2 in WT and fsh2Δ cells reduced the level of phospholipids, but in fsh2 strain increase in the cellular phospholipids, and this could be attributed to the formation of clumped aggregates and plasma membrane alteration were depicted using lipophilic fluorescent dye DiOC6. The current study suggested that the deletion of FSH2 altered the phospholipid homeostasis and membrane morphology .Together, our results shown that the FSH2 has a role in the phospholipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Family of serine hydrolase, Lipid droplet, Phospholipid, αβ hydrolase domain

  References
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  Citation
  Ramachandran Gowsalya, Vasanthi Nachiappan, "Lack of FSH2 alters phospholipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.6, pp.15-19, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Isolation and molecular characterization of Enterobacter species ENKS2 and its phosphate solubilisation from rhizospheric soil

  Santhanalakshmi Krishnamoorthy, Natarajan Ekambaram

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp.20-25, Dec-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i6.2025

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  Abstract
  In this present study, the potential of a phosphate solubilising bacterium (PSB) was isolated from rhizosphere soil. The phosphate solubilisation was grown in Pikovskaya’s agar medium and the isolate was purified in AT salt minimal medium and further it was cultured in NBRIP liquid media for characterization, identification processes. Based on the morphological, biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequencing the phosphate solubilising bacterium was identified as Enterobacter species ENKS2. The maximum phosphate solubilisation was in 96h at pH 7.3 in NBRIP liquid media. The Enterobacter species ENKS2 optimized phosphate solubilisation was at pH 7 (281µg/cfuX106), temperature at 30°C (268µg/cfuX106) at pH 6.8, salt conditions was 0.5% (169µg/cfuX106) at pH 7.1, carbon source xylose (213µg/cfuX106) at pH 6.3 and nitrogen source Pottassium nitrate (212µg/cfuX106) at pH 6.1. The different time intervals were followed to maximum phosphate solubilisation in 96h (531µg/cfuX106) at pH 5.8. Hence, this study was useful to develop the biofertilizer for improves the soil, plant growth and reduce the chemical fertilizer usages.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Phosphate solubilisation, Rhizospheric soil, Enterobacter sp., 16S rRNA gene sequencing, acid phosphates

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  Citation
  Santhanalakshmi Krishnamoorthy, Natarajan Ekambaram, "Isolation and molecular characterization of Enterobacter species ENKS2 and its phosphate solubilisation from rhizospheric soil," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.6, pp.20-25, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Assessment of Probiotic Potential Leuconostoc Mesenteroides from Natural Microbiota

  Sathyapriya A., Anitha A.

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp.26-33, Dec-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i6.2633

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  Abstract
  A Lactic Acid Bacterium (LAB) is a group of Gram-positive, non-spore forming, motile microorganisms, highly in fermented foods and are well known for their probiotic properties. A heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium, primarily of Leuconostoc mesenteroides from the natural microbiota (sauerkraut fermentation) was isolated, and identified by conventional biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Based on the above the isolated natural microbiota was identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides and deposited in MCC for general access (MCC 3276). The isolated strain had the ability of tolerate bile salts and expressed resistance towards low pH. The ability of bacterial isolates showed autoaggregation and coaggregation which is directly related it adherence capability into the intestinal wall which might have competed with undesirable microorganism in the gut.The tolerance to various biological barriers such as lysozyme (100µg), gastric juice (pH3.0) and bile salt (0.5%w/v) were confirmed its ability to survive extreme conditions of digestive tract. L. mesenteroides has no clear transparent zone in blood agar plates and thus were found non-hemolytic. Overall results indicated that the isolate, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, might be an attractive candidate for perspectival strain for probiotics.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Sauerkraut fermentation, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Biological characteristic, Molecular identification, Probiotics

  References
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  Citation
  Sathyapriya A., Anitha A., "Assessment of Probiotic Potential Leuconostoc Mesenteroides from Natural Microbiota," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.6, pp.26-33, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Promotion of Alcohol Production using high Gravity Fed-Batch Alcoholic Fermentation through Novel Yeast Strain

  Govind misale, S.E. Neelgund, S.V. Patil, Vijendrasingh

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp.34-39, Dec-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i6.3439

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  Abstract
  Fermentation is well known biological process to produce the alcohol by using raw materials as molasses, grains etc. The performance of molasses based distilleries are day by day improved towards high efficiency, lowest sugar loss and high yield. In many distilleries, earlier and at present the operation mode of fermentation process is “batch fermentation” which gives the less efficiency 80 to 85 % with poor quality alcohol and spent wash generation is about 8 to 15 lit/lit of alcohol produced. Later on it is developed as “continuous fermentation” which gives high efficiency 88 to 90% and with better quality of alcohol and spent wash generation is about 3 to 4 lit/lit of alcohol produced by adopting spent wash recycle to fermenter and treatment of spent wash in integrated evaporation with distillation system. But In India distilleries effluent i.e., spent wash has high organic load which causes Major water pollution so these industries are comes under “Red category” and it is necessary to improve this process and reduce the spent wash generation as much as possible along with high fermentation efficiency and less energy consumption for separation of alcohol in downstream process of distilleries. So this presentation is to introduce the new mode of operation named as “High gravity Fed- batch alcoholic fermentation” of cane molasses. The pilot trial is taken by using the developed yeast stain “Scizosacharomyces Pombe-Fed” with upgraded feeding pattern. Process parameters are experimented and studied in “Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd. Havlaga unit” and the results high efficiency of about 89 to 90 % and high yield of alcohol in fermented wash of about 11.8 to 12.5% so as to reduce the spent wash generation is about 2.2 to 2.4 lit/lit of alcohol produced which will helps to achieve one of the strict norm of Pollution Control board “Zero liquid Discharge” with post treatment of Bio-composting and incineration of high brix spent wash(55 to 60 % Solids) in specially designed boiler

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Batch fermentation, continuous fermentation, Fed- batch fermentation yeast microorganism, Zero liquid discharge, Red category

  References
  [1]. Opportunities for green chemistry initiatives: molasses based distilleries office of principal scientific adviser to the Goi vigyan bhawan annexe, New Delhi - 110 011 2014 (4, 5)
  [2]. Process oscillations in continuous ethanol fermentation -Guofeng Bai from 9 to 13.
  [3]. Ethanol tolerance of some yeasts by B. Ranganathan and J.V Bhat, (Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-3) (105-110)
  [4]. Overview of continuous alcohol fermentation and multipressure distillation technology Author: G B DESHPANDE Praj Industries Ltd, Bavdhan, Pune - 411 021, India (577-578)
  [5]. V. Ansanay-Galeote, B. Blondin, S. Dequin, and J. Sablayrolles, “Stress effect of ethanol on fermentation kinetics by stationary-phase cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae,” 677–681, 2001.
  

  Citation
  Govind misale, S.E. Neelgund, S.V. Patil, Vijendrasingh, "Promotion of Alcohol Production using high Gravity Fed-Batch Alcoholic Fermentation through Novel Yeast Strain," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.6, pp.34-39, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity in Ethanolic Extract of Caralluma indica

  G. Gnanashree, P. Mohamed Sirajudeen

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp.40-43, Dec-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i6.4043

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  Abstract
  In the present study to investigate the antimicrobial activity in Caralluma indica. Antibacterial activity showed about 3.92mm (50µl), 6.11mm (100µl), 8.25mm (150µl) and 10.98mm (Std.) zone against the test organisms of Escherichia coli. 4.08mm (50µl), 6.23mm (100µl), 8.47mm (150µl) and 11.65mm (Std.) zone against the test organisms of Staphylococcus aureus. 2.17mm (50µl), 4.86mm (100µl), 6.13mm (150µl) and 9.46mm (Std.) zone against the test organisms of Bacillus subtilis. 4.85mm (50µl), 7.32mm (100µl), 9.69mm (150µl) and 12.13mm (Std.) zone against the test organisms of Pseudomonas aeruginos. Antifungal activity showed about 1.95mm (50µl), 4.20mm (100µl), 6.10mm (150µl) and 10.42mm (Std.) zone against the test organisms of Candida albicans. 0.90mm (50µl), 2.81mm (100µl), 5.72mm (150µl) and 8.10mm (Std.) zone against the test organisms of Aspergillus flavus. 0.35mm (50µl), 1.10mm (100µl), 3.66mm (150µl) and 7.90mm (Std.) zone against the test organisms of Aspergillus niger.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Caralluma indica, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger

  References
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  Citation
  G. Gnanashree, P. Mohamed Sirajudeen, "Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity in Ethanolic Extract of Caralluma indica," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.6, pp.40-43, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Pollution characteristics of organic, elemental carbon and water soluble organic carbon in PM2.5 a Tropical City Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

  Arun Marimuthu, Mohamed Sihabudeen, Shuiping Wu, Hariharan.G

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp.44-55, Dec-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i6.4455

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  Abstract
  Airborne particulate matter has now become an issue in the global environment. In this study, the atmospheric PM2.5, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were measured in the urban city of Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. The annual average concentration of PM2.5 was observed in 76.1 μg/m3, Similarly, the seasonal average of PM2.5 were 49.4 μg/m3 in summer, 73.3μg/m3 in Pre-monsoon, 86.1 μg/m3 in winter and 87.9 μg/m-3 during monsoon respectively. The present study found that the annual average concentrations of PM2.5 in Tiruchirappalli was significantly higher than the limit of 40 μg/m3 prescribed in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (Indian-NAAQS) and 10 μg/m3 of that of the World Health Organization (WHO). While, the annual concentrations of OC, EC and WSOC were 8.9 μg/m3, 4.1 μg/m3 and 3.1 μg/m3 respectively. On seasonal average, the OC and EC concentrations ranked in the order of monsoon> winter>pre-monsoon > summer, which could be attributed to the combined effects of changes in local emissions and seasonal meteorological conditions. The secondary organic carbon (SOC) estimated by EC-tracer method was the highest in pre-monsoon (7.94 μg/m3) followed by monsoon (6.60 μg/m3), winter (6.04 μg/m3) and summer (4.57 μg/m3). Overall, results revealed that the mass concentration of PM2.5 bound carbonaceous fractions, and their contributions were varies by seasons. This study provides baseline information that can be exploited for policy formulation and mitigation strategies to control air pollution in south Indian urban cities.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Urban air quality; fine particulate matter; carbonaceous species; spatial trend; seasonal variation

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  Citation
  Arun Marimuthu, Mohamed Sihabudeen, Shuiping Wu, Hariharan.G, "Pollution characteristics of organic, elemental carbon and water soluble organic carbon in PM2.5 a Tropical City Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.6, pp.44-55, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the attenuation of the 2- deoxy-D-glucose toxicity is alleviated by inositol

  Chidambaram Ravi, Vasanthi Nachiappan

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp.56-60, Dec-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i6.5660

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  Abstract
  In Saccharomysis cerevasiae the glycolytic transcription factor GCR1 tightly controls the expression of genes involved in glycolysis but the importance of Gcr1 transcription in 2-DG toxicity is still elusive. In the present study, we observed 2-DG toxicity in the wild-type, gcr1∆, and ino2∆ cells under inositol absence (I−) condition obstruct the growth, hence the opi1∆ cells were resistant to 2-DG exposure. Further, the presence of 2-DG significantly decreased the promoter activity of INO1 in the WT cells. The 2-DG exposure suppressed the growth rate in WT and gcr1∆ strains under inositol limitation condition, but the opi1∆ (over production of inositol) strain was resistant to the 2-DG exposure with I− condition. Taken together, the above findings suggest that 2-DG exposure reduced the promoter activity of INO1 leads to inositol auxotrophic growth defect, hence the inositol supplementation bring back normal. To conclude that the inositol alleviates the 2-DG toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  2-deoxy-D-glucose, INO1, β-Galactosidase activity, over production of inositol

  References
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  Citation
  Chidambaram Ravi, Vasanthi Nachiappan, "In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the attenuation of the 2- deoxy-D-glucose toxicity is alleviated by inositol," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.6, pp.56-60, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Chlorophyll and Morphological Mutations Induced by Chemical Mutagens EMS, DES in (Setaria italica(L.)Beauv.)Var .CO(Te)7 in M2 Generation

  I. Anittha, L. Mullainathan

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp.61-65, Dec-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i6.6165

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  Abstract
  The assessment of mutagen concentration is typically evaluated by the morphological and chlorophyll mutants. Setariaitalica var. CO(Te)7 Fox tail millet seeds were treated with the chemical mutagens namely EMS in the concentration 20, 30,40 mM and DES in the concentration 30, 40 and 50 mM . The present investigation reveals chlorophyll mutants like Albino, Chlorina, Xantha , Straita and various morphological mutants like Tall plant, Dwarf plant, Long spike, Short spike, multiple spike ,Long awn spike, Thumb branch spike, Bold seed, Sterile spike, Tip sterile spike, Anthocyanin pigment in spike, Helical spike, Brachytic, Tiller, Zebra striped, Early and late maturity mutants were observed in M2 generation. The primary objective of the research work was to increase the availability of our traditional millet variety Tenai which was a balanced nutricereale and can be cultivated in large scale with the superior quality .They can be screened and enhanced through mutation breeding for enormous yield. The effect of EMS shows more chlorophyll and morphological mutants than DES in fox tail millet.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Chlorophyll mutants, Morphological mutants, EMS and DES, Setaria italica, M2 Generation

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  Citation
  I. Anittha, L. Mullainathan, "Chlorophyll and Morphological Mutations Induced by Chemical Mutagens EMS, DES in (Setaria italica(L.)Beauv.)Var .CO(Te)7 in M2 Generation," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.6, pp.61-65, 2018