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Open Access Article
Hallar Arif Memon, Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani, Paras Mureed, Nasreen Gul, Zamin Hussain Dahri, Shahzad Hussain Dahri
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp.64-69, Dec-2019
Abstract
This study was intended to evaluate the population monitoring of diamondback moth and its attacking impact on growth and yield of cauliflower, at District Tando Allahyar. The experimental site is located at 25.27570 N and 68.421500 E. Two local varieties (sathri and nawri) of cauliflower were cultivated. The population of DBM was monitored for the entire crop period using direct count and light trap methods. Twenty five plants were randomly selected for direct count observations and a light trap was installed at the field. The impact of DBM attack on growth, leaf quality and yield of cauliflower was analyzed by selecting and labelling 25 plants at the time of sowing. The results indicate that, the mean values of DBM population under direct count method was ranging from 0.24 to 2.15. The maximum (2.15) and minimum (0.24) mean values were observed on 4th and 12th (last) week, respectively. Under light trap method, the maximum and minimum DBM population was observed on the 6th and 12th week, respectively. The population trend indicates a rapid increase to gradually decrease in the number of moths. Statistically, a significant difference was observed in DBM population throughout the observations. With regard to the growth and yield of cauliflower, the results indicate that, the height of leaf was reduced by 12.38, 23.19, 35.69, 41.45 and 45.72 %, weight of leaf was reduced by 12.55, 21.24, 28.98, 40.33 and 48.93 % and the average yield of flower was reduced by 9.26 %, 17.78 %, 27.41 %, 36.11 % and 46.48 %, under the DBM attack of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 moths, respectively. Under leaf quality assessment, the leaf was observed with one or several colors from light green, pale, light yellow, dark yellow, brown and red. From the outcomes of this study, it is recommended that, the DBM at larvae stage highly damaged the cauliflower growth rate and reduces the crop yield. Therefore, the regular scouting of pest should be carried out and the recommended application rate of pesticides should be applied for effective management of diamondback moth particularly in cauliflower.Key-Words / Index Term
Diamonback Moth, Cauliflower Pest, Brassica Oleracea, Leaf Quality, and Pest ScoutingReferences
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Citation
Hallar Arif Memon, Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani, Paras Mureed, Nasreen Gul, Zamin Hussain Dahri, Shahzad Hussain Dahri, "Population Monitoring of Diamondback Moth (Plutella Xylostella) and Evaluating Its Attacking Impact on Growth & Yield of Cauliflower at District Tando Allahyar," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.6, pp.64-69, 2019 -
Open Access Article
E. Asiedu
Research Paper | Conference-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp.70-80, Dec-2019
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with diseases and drug response variabilities in humans. Elucidating the damaging and disease-associated SNPs using wet-laboratory approaches can be challenging and resource-demanding due to the large number of SNPs in the human genome. Due to the growth in the field of computational biology and bioinformatics, algorithms have been developed to help screen and filter out the most deleterious SNPs that are worth considering for wet-laboratory studies. This article reviews the existing in-silico based methods used to predict and characterize the effects of SNPs on protein structure and function. This cutting-edge approach will facilitate the search for novel therapeutics, help understand the etiology of diseases and fast-track the personalized medicine agenda.Key-Words / Index Term
single nucleotide polymorphism, docking, molecular dynamics, in-silico studies, protein dynamics, missense, prediction algorithm, mutationReferences
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Open Access Article
Preparation and Evaluation of Novel Anti-Obesity Immunoglobulins for Immunoprophylaxis and Therapy
Manal M. E. Ahmed, Walid Nazmy, Jakeen Eljakee
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp.81-88, Dec-2019
Abstract
Obesity is one of the largest and fastest growing public health problems in the world. The pharmacological options for obesity treatment remain quite limited. Recently, one of the potential exciting research areas is the development of innovative therapeutic molecular vaccines and immunoglobulins. Here, we developed novel immunoglobulins against obesity containing anti-ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) IgY to block the activity of the appetite-stimulating hormone "ghrelin". Its preliminary pre-clinical evaluation was applied into 3 mice groups, (A) was fed standard pellet chow, (B) was fed a high-fat diet with metabolizable energy contents of 13% kcal from fat and (C) was fed a high-fat diet with metabolizable energy contents of 45% kcal from fat. Oral immunization with this biologics successfully induced beneficial responses that attenuated body weight gain by decreasing food intake and increasing energy expenditure. Anti-GOAT IgY is a promising approach for the treatment of obesity by oral administration but further studies are still required before entry into clinical trials as its effect on physical activity and visceral adipose tissue.Key-Words / Index Term
Obesity, Immunoglobulins, IgY, Pharmacotherapy, Ghrelin, Ghrelin O-acyltransferase, Oral immunizationReferences
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Manal M. E. Ahmed, Walid Nazmy, Jakeen Eljakee, "Preparation and Evaluation of Novel Anti-Obesity Immunoglobulins for Immunoprophylaxis and Therapy," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.6, pp.81-88, 2019 -
Open Access Article
Tarun Kumar Nayak, Sonali Deole, S.S.Shaw, Nandan Mehta
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp.89-93, Dec-2019
Abstract
The field experiment were conducted at Research Cum Instructional Farm at IGKV, Raipur (C.G.) during kharif 2018, to know the seasonal incidence of tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura infesting groundnut. Tobacco caterpillar appeared during 37th standard meteorological week (SMW) with a mean population of 0.24 larva/plant. The peak population were observed in the second week of October with a mean population of 2.28 larva/plant. Thereafter, the population declined gradually and reached to a minimum level of 0.36 larva/plant during 44th SMW i.e. 29th Oct-04November. The correlation between tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura and weather parameters during kharif 2018 results indicated that the population demonstrated a significant negative association with evening relative humidity (r = -0.602), while it showed significant positive association with maximum temperature (r= 0.708) and sunshine hours (r= 0.626). The population of tobacco caterpillar in groundnut had non-significant positive correlation with mean temperature(r= 0.334), while non significant negative correlation with rainfall (r= -0.483), minimum temperature(r= -0.247), morning relative humidity(r= -0.531) and wind velocity(r= -0.414).Key-Words / Index Term
Correlation, Groundnut, incidence, Spodoptera lituraReferences
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Tarun Kumar Nayak, Sonali Deole, S.S.Shaw, Nandan Mehta, "Seasonal Incidence of Tobacco Caterpillar, Spodoptera Litura (Fabricius) Infesting Groundnut Crop at Raipur (Chhattisgarh)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.6, pp.89-93, 2019 -
Open Access Article
Quality Attributes of Breakfast Sausage As Affected by Different Types of Animal Fats
V.A. Adetunji, S.B. Akinleye
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp.94-99, Dec-2019
Abstract
Fat is one of the main components of meat sausages, along with muscle tissue and water, therefore, it has a substantial effect on emulsion stability in meat products. Sausage is a ready to eat meat product usually served as breakfast. It is traditionally produced from pork and lard, but there is insufficient knowledge on the yield and nutritive qualities of breakfast sausage prepared with other animal fats. Investigations were carried out in a completely randomized design to study the effect of different fats on various physical, chemical and sensory properties of breakfast sausage. Three treatments were evaluated to test the effect of different animal fats on sausage production: sausage produced with lard (LS), sausage produced with tallow (TS) and sausage produced with sheep fat (SFS). The results obtained showed the yield from the three fat types when used for production of breakfast sausage were 83.85%, 78.52%, and 76.45% for lard, tallow and sheepfat, respectively. The mean pH value of breakfast sausage were (P<0.05) 6.46, 6.25 and 6.51 for LS, TS and SFS, respectively. Water Holding Capacity of LS (84.78%) and TS (84.82%) were similar and significantly (P<0.05) higher than SFS (82.69%). Crude protein (31.77 %) and ashes (4.83%) of sausages with lard were higher (LS)while the SFS had (25.47%) and (3.39%) for crude protein and ashes, respectively. The panelists evaluated sensory acceptance with respect to flavour, colour, texture, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability. LS scored the highest means for colour (5.43), flavour (5.83), juiciness (5.63), tenderness (6.13) and overall acceptability (6.83). On the other hand, SFS scored the lowest means for flavour (4.47) and juiciness (4.83). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different types of animal fats on the physical, chemical composition and sensory evaluation of breakfast sausages.Key-Words / Index Term
Physical, Chemical, and Sensory evaluation, Breakfast sausages, Animal fatsReferences
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Citation
V.A. Adetunji, S.B. Akinleye, "Quality Attributes of Breakfast Sausage As Affected by Different Types of Animal Fats," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.6, pp.94-99, 2019 -
Open Access Article
Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Solid Substrate Fermentation of Pineaple Waste
Olabode O. Efunwoye, S. M. Wakil, Omowunmi R. Oluwole
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp.100-106, Dec-2019
Abstract
Reports of studies on optimization of solid substrate fermentation of pineapple waste for bioethanol production are few. Challenges are constantly arising from the use of food crops like corn, sugar cane and tubers for production of bioethanol due to the competition it poses against food security in a constantly growing world population. The use of lignocellulosic biomass and some industrial waste, such as pineapple waste, for industrial production of bioethanol, is being embraced in the research world with interest in the maximization of these sustainable feedstock. Production of bioethanol from pineapple waste in solid state fermentation using Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae obtained from natural sources, in a co-culture, was investigated by varying the pH at 3, 4, 5 and 6. The fermentation was carried out at temperature 25 0C, 30 0C and 35 0C, and metal salts of zinc, magnesium, iron and manganese were incorporated independently into the fermenting substrate. At pH 4, the maximum bioethanol concentration of 11.4% was recorded, while the maximum concentration of 11.4% was also obtained at 30 0C. Supplementation of the pineapple waste with zinc metal salt produced the highest bioethanol concentration of 13.22%, though, supplementing the substrate independently with magnesium, iron and manganese all showed significant differences in the concentration of bioethanol produced. Further analyses indicated that interaction between zinc and iron metal salts produced the most significant difference in bioethanol concentration. Interaction between zinc and manganese showed the least significant difference while magnesium and manganese showed no difference. Optimization of bioethanol production from a lignocellulosic biomass such as pineapple waste in solid state fermentation, will improve efficiency and resources utilization in the industrial production of the widely used industrial product, while beneficial utilization of the waste will help to curtail environmental pollution.Key-Words / Index Term
solid state, fermentation, pineapple waste, optimization, metal saltsReferences
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Olabode O. Efunwoye, S. M. Wakil, Omowunmi R. Oluwole, "Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Solid Substrate Fermentation of Pineaple Waste," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.6, pp.100-106, 2019 -
Open Access Article
Emmanuel Okrikata, Emmanuel Oludele Ogunwolu, Ngozi Ifeoma Odiaka
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp.107-112, Dec-2019
Abstract
Studies on the impact of major pests of watermelon on its agronomic performance are hard to find. This paper presents the relationship between the agronomic performance of watermelon and density of its major insect pests with the aid of correlation and linear regression models using data collected from forty (40 m2) plots grouped into 4 replicates (10 plots/replicate) in field experiments in the early- and late-sown crop of 2016 and 2017 in the Research Farm of Federal University, Wukari, Nigeria. Plant survival rate (%) negatively and significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with each of mean number leaf-feeding beetles, A. gossypii density and B tabaci density in both the early- and late-sown crops of 2016, respectively; with a similar trend in 2017. All parameters significantly (P < 0.05) fitted the linear regression model. Densities of all major pests consistently correlated negatively and significantly with fruit yield. Student’s t-test detected significant differences between the pest and agronomic characters of the early- and late-sown crops of both years. We therefore conclude that watermelon experiences multiple pest infestations whose compositions and intensities vary between seasons and that, their influence on agronomic performance as shown by the coefficient of determination (R2) values (which were indicative of the effect of pests on crop performance) were largely > 50 %. Lower pest infestation (frequency and intensity) was also empirically shown to give rise to better growth indices and higher yields.Key-Words / Index Term
Flower sex ratio, leaf-feeding beetles, leaf injury, plant survival rate, total fruit yieldReferences
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Emmanuel Okrikata, Emmanuel Oludele Ogunwolu, Ngozi Ifeoma Odiaka, "Statistical Modeling of the Impact of Major Insect Pests of Watermelon on its Agronomic Performance: Linear Regression Perspective," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.6, pp.107-112, 2019 -
Open Access Article
Using Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm to Identify Communities in Social Networks
Amin Rezaeipanah, Mousa Mojarad, Seyed Mohammad Fazel Hosseini
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp.113-119, Dec-2019
Abstract
Social network analysis helps discover communities and interactions between users. A community is a group of users with high communication density in that group. Although many algorithms have been developed to identify communities, most are inefficient in terms of processing time and cost for large-scale social networks. In this research, we present a simple and efficient algorithm for social recognition in social networks that does not require any prior knowledge about the number of network communities. Most existing methods of community recognition examine the structure of the social network graph without considering issues and interactions between users. In the proposed method, in addition to considering the communication topology between users, we also consider the tweets used by them. The proposed system consists of three general steps. In the first step, the similarity between each user pair is calculated on the basis of a hybrid clustering method. Initial assemblages are based on the similarity matrix in the second step. Finally, in the third stage, using the cuckoo optimization algorithm, the initial clusters are combined and the final clusters are created. In the cuckoo algorithm, the performance of each solution is evaluated using the metrics evaluation criterion on Twitter`s social network. The results show better performance of the proposed method in different criteria than CC-GA and MDCL methods.Key-Words / Index Term
Clustering, Cuckoo Search Algorithm, Community Identification, Social NetworksReferences
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Amin Rezaeipanah, Mousa Mojarad, Seyed Mohammad Fazel Hosseini, "Using Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm to Identify Communities in Social Networks," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.6, pp.113-119, 2019 -
Open Access Article
Rabira Gonfa
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp.120-128, Dec-2019
Abstract
Protected areas are the core biodiversity home all through the world. The Dati Wolel National Park is also one of the newly protected areas of Ethiopia containing diverse habitat in the country. The park was established in 2010, this supports high levels of species richness and endemism. In Dati Wolel National Park several Mammalians and Birds have been recorded. In Addition, the park has vital source for more rivers and plants. In spite of the substantial potential of the area, agricultural land is increasing rapidly, grazing areas are heavily degraded, forests are being cut and cleared, and water systems disturbed. There is no actual resource possession, and employers are taking advantage as open access resource management regimes in the area. Consequently, resource damages are increasing alarmingly. Having the badly behaved, remedial solutions involved for management of park resources are negligible. Hence, this paper aims to foldaway the threats of Bio diversity of Dati Wolel National Park and to suggest solutions.Key-Words / Index Term
Biological resource, Conservation, Community perception, ThreatsReferences
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Rabira Gonfa, "Threats, Community Perception of Biological Resource Conservation and Solution in Dati Wolel National Park of Ethiopia," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.6, pp.120-128, 2019 -
Open Access Article
Blessing Onyinye Ukoha-Kalu, Florence Eichie, Maxwell Ogochukwu Adibe, Chinwe Victoria Ukwe
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp.129-134, Dec-2019
Abstract
Non-adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) medications as well as drugs used to treat tuberculosis (TB) can lead to manifestations of drug-resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study aimed at assessing the level of medication adherence and its determinants among patients living with HIV/AIDS and TB co-morbidity. A well structured questionnaire for the study of ART and anti TB medication adherence and its determinants was designed and the validity of the questionnaires was assessed through in-depth discussion with experienced consultants working in the ARD/TB clinic of the Federal Medical Center, Lokoja. Primary outcome measure was medication adherence, while secondary outcome measures were health literacy of patients and patient relation with their healthcare providers. Data was extracted from completed questionnaires, coded and entered into the Microsoft excel sheet for statistical analysis using SPSS 16.0 A total of 450 patients that participated in the study were on antiretroviral and only 60 (13.3%) of them were co-infected with both HIV and tuberculosis and are on both ARV and TB medications. Majority of the respondents were male (63.3%) and are above 45 years of age. About 23 of the patients were said to be single, 20 patients were married, and 8 of them were divorced/separated while 17 of them were widowed. About 81.7% of the respondents have one form of education or the other. Less than half of the respondents have a source of income. 23 persons (38.3%) reported never to have missed their ARV’s while only 18 persons (30%) reported never to have missed their tuberculosis medications. About 8 patients (13.3%) for ARV’s and 10 patients (16.7%) for anti-TB reported ‘forgetfulness’ as the reason for missing their medications. Majority of the patients (31.7% for ARV’s and 18.3% for anti-TB) reported that experiencing side effects was the reason for missing their medications. Also most of the patients (11.7% for ARV’s and 20.0% for anti TB) said the reason they missed their medications was because they did not have money to transport themselves to the health facility. For the ARV’s, only 8 persons (13.3%) said the reason they missed their medications was because they were getting bored of the whole treatment or feeling worse about their condition. Only 5 persons (8.3%) for ARV’s and 3 persons (5.0%) said the reason they missed their medications was because they were already feeling better. 90% of the respondents reported good relationship with Physician. Forgetfulness, side effect and lack of money for transportation were the major reasons reported by the patients as to why they missed their medications, while gender, age, educational status and employment status do not play a significant role in the adherence of both the ARV’s and anti-TB therapy.Key-Words / Index Term
Adherence, HIV/AIDs, antiretrovirals, Tuberculosis, Anti-TBReferences
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Blessing Onyinye Ukoha-Kalu, Florence Eichie, Maxwell Ogochukwu Adibe, Chinwe Victoria Ukwe, "Factors Affecting Medication Adherence among Patients on Concomitant Tuberculosis and Antiretroviral Therapy in Kogi State Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.6, pp.129-134, 2019
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