Volume-7 , Issue-3 , Jun 2020, ISSN 2347-7520 (Online) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Tree Species along Enkare Narok River, Kenya

  Mbeva Daniel, Menge Dominic

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp.67-73, Jun-2020

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  Abstract
  The Enkare Narok River system features in the list of the majority of significant streams for conservation of riparian plant biodiversity but anthropogenic activities potentially threaten the formative ecosystem processes. This research paper ascertains the diversity and distribution patterns of riparian tree species in relation to the human disturbances. The procedure for collecting vegetation data involved the use of the line transects method. Transects were laid running orthogonal to the river at 20 m intervals downstream and ten plots in every transect were systematically determined, with a separation distance of 10 meters. A floristic exploration of dominant riparian tree species was done at 51 sites along a 2,250-meter stretch along Enkare Narok River from upper Narok Prisons area to lower Polung?a, in February 2018 towards the end of the dry season. A total of 198 tree species in 12 families were recorded in the Enkare Narok River system with an observed 1.4463-2.4849 Shannon diversity index and which followed a significantly diminutive trend downstream.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Riparian, communities, species, river, diversity, habitat, disturbance

  References
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  Citation
  Mbeva Daniel, Menge Dominic, "Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Tree Species along Enkare Narok River, Kenya," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.67-73, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  A study on natural phytochemicals and antiviral drugs to combat the deadly covid-19- an in silico approach

  Keerthana M. , Chitra P.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp.74-78, Jun-2020

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  Abstract
  Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cases were first reported in Wuhan, Hubei province of China and have since spread all over the world. The virus is spreading rapidly by human to human transmission despite serious precautions, threatening a pandemic that will affect billions of people. Currently there are no vaccines, monoclonal antibodies or drugs available for SARS-CoV-2. There is an urgent need to identify antiviral compounds that can combat the effects of this deadly virus. In this review, an effort is taken to perform molecular docking of some natural phytochemicals to 2019-nCoV spike receptor-binding domain. The docking studies were carried out in Autodock 4.2.6 and the drug likeness properties were predicted using SwissADME webserver. The results revealed that quercetin (-8.71 Kcal/mol) and theaflavin (-7.36 Kcal/mol) from Camellia sinensis had best binding scores with 2019-nCoV spike receptor-binding domain.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-19, Docking, Phytochemicals, COVID-19

  References
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  [20] Kolita B, Jyoti Bora A and Hazarik P, ?A Search of COVID-19 main Protease Inhibitor from Plant Derived Alkaloids using Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as Reference: An In-silico Approach?. International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.51-61
  

  Citation
  Keerthana M. , Chitra P., "A study on natural phytochemicals and antiviral drugs to combat the deadly covid-19- an in silico approach," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.74-78, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Isolation and Identification of Fungi from Peanut Samples Sold at Adama City Markets, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

  Tseday Temesgen, Bayissa Chala

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp.79-84, Jun-2020

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  Abstract
  Peanut is a legume crop that belongs to the family of Fabaceae, genus Arachis, and botanically named as Arachis hypogaea. Peanuts have been consumed in a variety ways in Adama city perhaps with poor hygiene condition. The major consumers of peanuts in Adama are Khat chewers and people who may consume roasted barely grain with nuts. Fungal contamination associated with peanut seeds sold at Adama city markets and streets were examined in the present study. Examination was performed depending on the morphological features of the fungal genera. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) was prepared and autoclaved at 121oC for 15min. Peanut seeds were surface sterilized with 70% alcohol and rinsed with water and plated in the petri dish containing PDA. Incubation temperature was 25oC and the fungal growth were observed for 5 days. The isolated fungi were then sub cultured on another prepared PDA and used for identification. From the observed growth features and color of the fungal colonies, four taxa of fungi were examined and those were Aspergillus species, Penicillium species, Fusarium species and Mucor species. The study revealed that almost all the 225 peanut samples were infected by one of the four fungal genera. Aspergillus species were identified to be the most prevalent isolates with a percentage of 45.5% followed by Penicillium (32.9%). The rest Fusarium species and Mucor species were the least prevalent with proportion of 10.9% and 10.5%, respectively. The hot and arid climate of the city appears to be one main reason for the acceleration of the fungal growth in peanut. Further surveillance and setting regulation by the government on seed pathogens will play a great role in reduction of those fungi.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  aflatoxin, fungi, groundnut, peanut

  References
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  Citation
  Tseday Temesgen, Bayissa Chala, "Isolation and Identification of Fungi from Peanut Samples Sold at Adama City Markets, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.79-84, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  A Flow Virometry Process for Detection of SARS-Cov-2 Proposed for Large-Scale Screening of COVID-19 Cases

  Niraja Soni, Puja Pai, Raja Krishna Kumar G., Venkatesh Prasad, Santanu Dasgupta, Bhaskar Bhadra

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp.85-91, Jun-2020

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  Abstract
  The coronavirus disease, COVID 19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly over 210 countries and declared as pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). WHO also emphasized on scaling-up testing capacity, followed by isolation of infected individuals, and contact tracing, as the "backbone" of managing the pandemic. Globally, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in patients are done by RT-PCR and blood antibody-based testing. However, immediate expansion of the scale of screening is very important to cover major fraction of 1.3 billion population of India. We, therefore, propose a flow-cytometry based high-throughput screening systems for testing of COVID 19 cases. The swab-samples in viral transport media could be analyzed using ?indirect flow cytometry?, where virus particle binds to specific primary antibody and the resulted virus-antibody complex then binds to a fluorescent tagged secondary antibodies. The fluorescence signal can distinguish on a flow-channel to identify viral load in a test sample. In the present article, we have summarized a flow-virometry process for detection of various viruses and have proposed possible application of the process in screening of COVID 19.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  COVID-19, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), SAR-CoV-2, flow Cytometry, flow virometry

  References
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  Citation
  Niraja Soni, Puja Pai, Raja Krishna Kumar G., Venkatesh Prasad, Santanu Dasgupta, Bhaskar Bhadra, "A Flow Virometry Process for Detection of SARS-Cov-2 Proposed for Large-Scale Screening of COVID-19 Cases," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.85-91, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  An Ergonomics Evaluation of Posture and Other Physical and Physiological Indices of Two Wheeler Garage Workers

  Shyamal Kanti Das, Soumendra Nath Karmakar, Habiba Khatun, Debjit Bhattacharya

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp.92-98, Jun-2020

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  Abstract
  As per various reports regarding the musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in various industries and different unorganized sectors, it has become the main force to drive this present study on two wheeler garage workers. To assess the discomfort feeling of garage workers in different organs at different time and to assess the work related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), this study has been undertaken. Pain feeling at different body parts, at different times and in relation with work schedule was also taken on the basis of Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. Body posture was also analyzed with the help of Ovako Working Posture Assessment System (OWAS). Other two assessment techniques such as Rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire body assessment (REBA) were also applied to assess the MSDs in present experimental group. BSA, BMI as well as weight of the experimental group are different from the control group in significant way. Besides this, pain in neck and elbow is also different from the control group in significant manner. Headache and pain sensation during work time is predominant among garage workers. No immediate correction is required for experimental group after analyzing their posture by the methods of OWAS, RULA and REBA. No immediate threat regarding the MSDs among garage workers are found in spite of little pain sensation observed among garage workers. Proper training and rest period during work schedule may be recommended to solve the problems found in this study.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Musculoskeletal disorder, posture, discomfort feeling, OWAS, REBA, RULA

  References
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  Citation
  Shyamal Kanti Das, Soumendra Nath Karmakar, Habiba Khatun, Debjit Bhattacharya, "An Ergonomics Evaluation of Posture and Other Physical and Physiological Indices of Two Wheeler Garage Workers," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.92-98, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Kibreet (Sulphur) A Unani Mineral Drug? Review

  Mustehasan, Misbahuddin Azhar, Sofia Naushin

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp.99-103, Jun-2020

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  Abstract
  Kibreet (Sulphur) is non-metal mineral drug of Unani Medicine used for the treatment of skin disorders. The Kibreet is used as medicine as early as 3000 BCE. It is also known as Gandhak. When it is used internally after a process of purification the term Gandhak Amla saar is used. The objective of this review is to compile all information available in classical literature and recent research in respect of Kibreet (sulphur). In present review Unani classical literature was searched for its complete description and for toxicological studies, role of sulphur in human health to prove the importance of Kibreet computerized databases such as Medline, Pubmed, Ovid SP, Google Scholar and Science-direct were searched. All the information on Kibreet available in Urdu, Persian, Arabic and studies published abstract were included. Its temperament is hot and dry and having anti-inflammatory, blood purifier, laxative, antiseptic, germicidal and expectorant action. It is used to treat arthritis, skin disorders, constipation, piles, cough due to above mentioned actions. Though this drug is used since long for treating skin disorders in Unani system of medicine, the other aspect of actions of this drug are minimally touched. This is also recommended to relieve respiratory disorders such as cough, cold related symptoms and having the property to disinfest houses from communicable diseases. It is concluded that Kibreet may be used in COVID-19 pandemic condition to relief the patients from respiratory distress and disinfect the houses.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Kibreet, Gandhak, Gandhak amla sar,Sulphur, Unani Medicine, Mineral drug

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  Citation
  Mustehasan, Misbahuddin Azhar, Sofia Naushin, "Kibreet (Sulphur) A Unani Mineral Drug? Review," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.99-103, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Chronic Kidney Disease among HIV-infected children receiving Anti-retroviral therapy at Masaka Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda: A cross-sectional study

  Ronald Mugenyi, Collins Atuheire, Mark Agaba, Ndibowa Steven, Sulait Kawooya, Ibrahim Ntulume, Clovice Kankya, Joseph Kungu, Robert Kalyesubula

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp.104-109, Jun-2020

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  Abstract
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing epidemic among children globally. There is limited data on CKD among children living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. We determined the prevalence and factors associated with CKD in HIV infected children through a cross-sectional study at Uganda-Cares antiretroviral therapy (ART) Clinic in Masaka Regional Referral Hospital. Data was collected on social-demographic and clinical factors of the study population to assess factors predisposing them to CKD. The study population?s serum creatinine levels were measured followed by computation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) using the Schwartz formula. The prevalence of CKD among 138 HIV infected children was 16.7 % (95%CI 11.4 -24.1). All participants were aged between 2 and 17 years. School going children were 82% less likely to have CKD as compared to their counterparts that were not schooling, (aOR= 0.18, 95% CI 0.05- 0.67). On the contrary, the children whose parents/ guardians had acquired secondary school education were 7 times more likely to have CKD compared to parents who had not attained any level of formal education, (aOR= 6.9, 95 % CI 1.27-37.9). Additionally, children who had been on ART for over 5 years were 59% less likely to have CKD, (aOR= 0.41, 95%CI 0.15-1.13). CKD is high among HIV infected children. Those HIV infected children who had been on ART for less than 5 years; those not schooling as well as those whose parents/guardians attained secondary school education were at risk of developing CKD. Measuring regular eGFR early for regular screening of CKD should be advocated for HIV-infected children.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Chronic kidney disease, HIV, Children, Anti-retroviral therapy, estimated glomerular filltrate rate

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  Citation
  Ronald Mugenyi, Collins Atuheire, Mark Agaba, Ndibowa Steven, Sulait Kawooya, Ibrahim Ntulume, Clovice Kankya, Joseph Kungu, Robert Kalyesubula, "Chronic Kidney Disease among HIV-infected children receiving Anti-retroviral therapy at Masaka Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda: A cross-sectional study," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.104-109, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Agricultural Sciences: The Field for Promoting Human and Social Development

  P.K. Paul, R.R. Sinha, Pappachan Baby, K.S. Shivraj, R. Saavedra, Bashiru Aremu

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp.110-115, Jun-2020

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  Abstract
  Farming is a kind of process and methods of practicing cultivation with different kind of procedure; further agriculture is a broad concept than farming and cultivation. The scientific study, policies and procedure in respect of cultivation and further the agriculture is called Agricultural Science. It is worthy to note that, farming is done in a small area by the limited input but agriculture is consider and perform in a broader areas. Moreover in generally farming is considered as the way of cultivating for a family or small number of people whereas agricultural sciences is considered as just opposite of this. In the Agricultural there are lots of inputs and methods and thus it is known as Agricultural Systems. Further for dealing a broad area, scope and agenda with industrial support it is also refereeing as Industrial Agriculture. Modern agriculture systems are far different than traditional systems and it involves much wider in terms of production of food for humans as well as animal feeds. The worldwide increasing population has changed the way and methods of agricultural systems; today various new methods are directly adoptable in the agricultural systems. However in western world another name ?green revolution? has changed the systems of agricultural systems perfectly and as a result the farms are engaged in agriculture has engaged in more productively and types. Among the changes and new methods important are hydroponics, plant breeding, hybridization, gene manipulation, healthy soil management and nutrients, modern weeding controlling etc. Among the latest development and applications Genetic engineering is important which lead the capabilities beyond the traditional and higher yields and disease resistance. Modified seeds germinate faster, and thus grown rapidly. Genetic engineering of plants has proven controversial but still growing in many countries. The advancement of the technologies and management is also important and noticeable in agricultural sciences. The applications of the Information Technology and Management are important to note. This paper is conceptual in nature and deals with various aspects of agriculture specially the its basic, evolution, types, methods, emerging trends with reference to the sustainable agricultural development

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Agricultural Science, IT, Information Systems, Development Studies, Modern Agro Systems, Agricultural Methods

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  Citation
  P.K. Paul, R.R. Sinha, Pappachan Baby, K.S. Shivraj, R. Saavedra, Bashiru Aremu, "Agricultural Sciences: The Field for Promoting Human and Social Development," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.110-115, 2020