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Open Access Article
Govindaraj C., Ugamoorthi R., Ramarethinam S.
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.62-69, Oct-2020
Abstract
Soaping treatment is significant for delivering quality final results in the material completing cycle. Material materials are right now treated with compound surfactant however they are hurtful to oceanic species. The utilization of biotechnology offers fascinating inventive endeavors for taking care of these issues. Biosurfactants are extracellular surface-dynamic specialist delivered by a few microbes. In this investigation, biosurfactant is delivered by bacillus mesophilus utilizing distinctive substrate medium. The various shades of cotton coloured texture was treated with biosurfactant utilizing different focuses and contrasted and concoction surfactant. Biosurfactant goes about as an antimicrobial agent and it has stable emulsification properties. The greatest creation acquired utilizing substrate (palm oil 2%) was about 3.5g/l. The red, green and dark coloured cotton texture was treated with both concoction surfactant and biosurfactant (1-1.5 g/L). Biosurfactant goes about as a successful surface-dynamic operator for the expulsion of receptive colours from cellulosic material. It indicated a better wash quickness result (CF 4-5) in biosurfactant treated texture when contrasted with concoction surfactant treated texture. Bacillus mesophilus delivering biosurfactant as the best option for treating the cellulosic texture in the material business and this paper describes the expected utilization of bacterial biosurfactants in material washing measures for eliminating the unfixed colours.Key-Words / Index Term
Biosurfactant, Ecological wash, textile, Reactive dyes, EmulsificationReferences
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Govindaraj C., Ugamoorthi R., Ramarethinam S., "Eco-Friendly Wash of Textiles with Microbial Surfactants Produced By a Novel Bacterium Bacillus Mesophilus," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.62-69, 2020 -
Open Access Article
Smera Satish, Gayatri Gore, Akshay Ganpule, Sangeeta Srivastava, Maithili Athavale
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.70-81, Oct-2020
Abstract
Currently there are various standard of care drugs used for the treatment of various cancers. Understanding effectiveness of standard treatment over a broad range of cancer cell lines helps in selecting the most appropriate drug for a particular cancer type. We have performed a comprehensive study for seven standard of care drugs namely Cisplatin, Sunitinib, Carboplatin, Doxorubicin, 5-Fluorouracil, Tamoxifen and Paclitaxel over a panel of Breast (MDAMB231, MDAMB468, T47D), Prostate (DU145, PC3, LNCaP), Colon (COLO205, COLO320DM, HCT-15), Cervical (SiHa, HeLa) and Hepatic (HEP3B) Cancer cell lines for anticancer (tested by MTT Assay) and anticancer stem cell activity (tested by Sphere Assay and Wound Healing Assay, WHA).Our MTT results have indicated that Doxorubicin and Sunitinib are highly potent drugs exhibiting highest activity on SiHa {IC50- 0.24uM (±0.28)} and COLO205 {IC50 -2.64uM (±0.09)}. Paclitaxel also demonstrated very high activity in MTT assay for all cancer types’ especially high potency on colon: COLO205 {IC50- 0.045uM (±0.03)}, COLO320DM {IC50- 0.058uM (±0.01)}, HCT15 {IC50- 0.007uM (±0.4)}. Interestingly, these three drugs have also demonstrated very good anti-CSC activity as indicated by ? 50% sphere reduction at 250nM for all cancer types and have exhibited remarkable reduction in growth (<30%) at scratch in WHA at the end of 48hrs.Overall, our findings suggest that Doxorubicin, Sunitinib and Paclitaxel have very high anticancer stem cell potential thereby qualifying to be used in combination therapy regimes.Key-Words / Index Term
MTT, Sphere Assay, Wound Healing Assay, Anticancer activity, Anticancer stem cell activity, Standard of care drugsReferences
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Smera Satish, Gayatri Gore, Akshay Ganpule, Sangeeta Srivastava, Maithili Athavale, "Comparative Cytotoxicity of Standard of Care Treatment Drugs on Human Breast, Prostate, Colon, Cervical and Hepatic Cancer cell lines," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.70-81, 2020 -
Open Access Article
Diversity and Distribution of Marine Phytoplankton along the Coastal Areas of Gujarat, India
Bhagat R., Patel R., Kamboj R.D.
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.82-92, Oct-2020
Abstract
Phytoplanktons are the primary producer of marine ecosystems and contribute to the primary productivity of aquatic environment. The present study was carried out at 16 different locations of Gujarat coast to ascertain the diversity & distribution of marine phytoplankton. During the study, a total 122 species of phytoplankton belonging to five different classes namely Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Miozoaphyceae, Chlorophyceae and Charophyceae were reported from coastline of Gujarat. Of this, the highest species diversity was found at Gulf of Kachchh followed by Gulf of Khambhat > Saurashtra coast > South Gujarat coast. The maximum number of species diversity was contributed by the class Bacillariophyceae (87%) with 106 species; while the least number of species was recorded for the class Charophyceae (1 species).Key-Words / Index Term
Phytoplankton, Primary productivity, GoK, Gulf of Khambhat, Saurashtra, South Gujarat, algal bloom, coastlineReferences
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Bhagat R., Patel R., Kamboj R.D., "Diversity and Distribution of Marine Phytoplankton along the Coastal Areas of Gujarat, India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.82-92, 2020 -
Open Access Article
Abiola Toyin Ajayi
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.93-103, Oct-2020
Abstract
Drought is an abiotic factor capable of stunting cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) productivity. Hence, genetic variation, heritability and interrelationships of leaf relative water content (RWC), yield characters and drought tolerance indices (DTIs) were examined in 24 genotypes of cowpea in the screen house in pots under two watering regimes; 500 ml/pot daily and once in 10 days for control and drought stress, respectively. For all traits, there were substantial variations amongst genotypes, treatments and their interaction. Genotypes also differed significantly for all the DTIs. DTIs and all traits in both conditions had high heritability (>60%) except RWC and seeds/pod under control. Genetic gain (GAM) was high (>20%) for all traits and DTIs except RWC under control, making selection for these traits and indices effective. PCA and biplot of PCs 1 and 2 accounted for 75.5% of the total variability with important contributors (loadings > 0.40) like pods/plant, seeds/plant and seed yield in both conditions and DTIs included in PCs 1 and 2. Genotypes G20, G19 and G11 were considered the best in terms of yield above average (>18.94 g) in control and (>3.98 g) under drought stress, while G2 was more stable (13.79 g and 10.71 g) under both conditions. PCA, biplot and Pearson correlation affirmed that the top indices for pinpointing drought tolerant cowpea genotypes were STI, GMP, YI, YSI and DRI. Although seed yield under control condition was not correlated with seed yield under drought stress, under both conditions, GMP and STI had positive correlation with seed yield as well as with YSI, YI and DRIKey-Words / Index Term
Drought, cowpea, RWC, yield traits, PCA, correlation, DTIsReferences
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Abiola Toyin Ajayi, "Relationships among Drought Tolerance Indices and Yield Characters of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.93-103, 2020 -
Open Access Article
Cellulosic Textile Pretreatment Application with Alkali Active Catalase from Serratia marcescens
Govindaraj C., Ugamoorthi R., Ramarethinam S.
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.104-109, Oct-2020
Abstract
Preliminary treatment is a process for the extract of natural and added adulteration present in textile fibres to enhance the absorbency. Cotton pretreatment formula includes the Sodium hydroxide, and Hydrogen peroxide to eliminate the non-cellulosic polluting influences and characteristic shading matter. Hydrogen peroxide was profoundly utilized as a fading operator in the pretreatment of cellulosic and protein filaments. The lingering peroxide must be eliminated before the texture was exposed to coloring since it may meddle with the coloring cycle. Hence, compound peroxide executioners were utilized to get the texture before coloring eliminate the leftover peroxide. As another contagious catalase was utilized for killing the leftover peroxide, which acts just at acidic pH. This current investigation uncovers the utilization of catalase by Serratia marcescens, which has action on both acidic and antacid pH. The higher movement of catalase was screened by utilizing various mediums. Reactor preliminaries were performed to discover the specific boundaries for the creation of high catalase movement with low pigmentation and for medium advancement. Compound steadiness was concentrated by utilizing diverse pH and temperatures to plan the material application measure by utilizing catalase as a neutralizer to decrease steps and spare vitality.Key-Words / Index Term
Serratia marcescens, Catalase, Pretreatment, Hydrogen peroxide, Utility savingsReferences
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Govindaraj C., Ugamoorthi R., Ramarethinam S., "Cellulosic Textile Pretreatment Application with Alkali Active Catalase from Serratia marcescens," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.104-109, 2020 -
Open Access Article
S. Shanmugam, A. Sundari
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.110-115, Oct-2020
Abstract
Wild edible plants have sustained human populations in each of the inhabited continents. In India, the parts collected from the wild edible plants play a significant role in the food and nutrient security of rural and tribal people. Hence, the present study focused to document the traditional knowledge of wild edible plants utilized by the rural people dwelling in various localities of Thiruppuvanam region. By this study, the different parts of 40 plants have been recorded to be used for edible purposes. Out of 40 species recorded, 39 species belongs to angiosperm and 1 to pteridophyte. Research attention is needed to increase awareness on the use and management of wild edible plants for their conservation. The nutritional values of these plants should also be evaluated.Key-Words / Index Term
Wild edible plants, Thiruppuvanam region, Sivagangai district, Tamil NaduReferences
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[25] S. Shanmugam, S. Balamurugan, P. Pandiselvam, K. Rajendran, “Medicinal plants used by the people of Thiruppuvanam and its surrounding areas of Sivagangai district in Tamil Nadu, Southern India”, Journal of Basic and Applied Biology, Vol. 6, pp. 39-45, 2012.Citation
S. Shanmugam, A. Sundari, "Utilization of Wild Edible Plants in Thiruppuvanam Region of Sivagangai District in Tamil Nadu, Southern India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.110-115, 2020 -
Open Access Article
Francis Ugochukwu Madu, Emmanuel Iroha Akubugwo, Friday Obinwa Uhegbu, Kelechi Uzoma Osuocha
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.116-130, Oct-2020
Abstract
The present research studied the histopathologic effects of air pollution in a Quarry industry on the liver and kidney of albino rats. Thirty male albino rats were housed at various locations of the industry in five groups of five rats each for 90 days. Control animals were housed at a distance of 5.7km from the industry. Air sampling was done using gas monitor and analyzer at the same locations as in animal sampling. This was done three times at each point per day, and once a week for 90 days. From the results, levels of NO2 in the quarry ambient air were above the WHO standard values of 0.04-0.06mg/m3. Concentrations of SO2 in the quarry increased significantly compared (p<0.05) to the control and were also above the WHO standard value of 0.01mg/m3. The levels of particulate matter 1 (PM1) in the quarry increased significantly compared (p<0.05) to the control and also higher than the WHO standard value of 0.25µg/m3. The Concentrations of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in the quarry industry were below the WHO standard value of 10.00µg/m3 except at the crusher with a concentration of 11.40±1.00µg/m3 in the afternoon. Levels of the heavy metals in the dust were significantly higher in the quarry compared (p<0.05) to the control. The values of chromium, arsenic and lead were above the Nigerian Environmental Standard and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) standard values. Histopathological findings indicate that the albino rats suffered from cholate stasis and nephrosis but rats housed at the drilling pit and crusher sections of the quarry industry were greatly affected. These findings suggest that quarry workers who work without appropriate and effective safety equipments will likely suffer from liver and kidney injury and diseases.Key-Words / Index Term
Particulate matter, quarry industry, gaseous pollutants, quarry workers, albino ratsReferences
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Francis Ugochukwu Madu, Emmanuel Iroha Akubugwo, Friday Obinwa Uhegbu, Kelechi Uzoma Osuocha, "Ambient Air Pollution and Histopathologic Effects of Quarry Industry on Liver and Kidney of Albino Rats," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.116-130, 2020 -
Open Access Article
Khushboo Patel, Kapila Manoj
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.131-134, Oct-2020
Abstract
Epifloral communities play a significant role in monitoring the environmental pollution. The study was undertaken to understand the epifloral community composition in relation to heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd) in sediment at different sites of Tapi River. During the study total 23 species of 3 group of epifloral community were identified Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae. Among these groups Chlorophyceae were most abundant in both season and cyanophyceae were reported least dominant at all the sites. Number of species of Bacillariophyceae was reported higher during wet season at all sampling sites. According to heavy metal concentration epifloral community composition was also changed.Key-Words / Index Term
Epifloral communities, Heavy metals, Sediment, Tapi riverReferences
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Khushboo Patel, Kapila Manoj, "Variation in Epifloral Community Composition according to heavy metals in sediment of Tapi, Surat, India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.131-134, 2020 -
Open Access Article
Ruhi Khan, Gulafshan, Farha Rehman, Aabshar Khan
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.135-139, Oct-2020
Abstract
In the world population, the industrial & environmental pollution, and chemical toxicity raising. High speed industrialization and urbanization processes has show to the synthesis of pollutants such as pesticides, salt , petroleum products, acids and heavy metals in the natural resources. These pollutants affects both plants and animals. Heavy metals as well as lead, nickel, cadmium, copper, and mercury are important environmental factors that cause toxic effects on plants and animals. Here , we are study about Cadmium (Cd). It is possess dangerous threats on the agro-ecosystems. Cd act as a poisonous effect on the physiology of plants. In this review, we have summarized the effects of different concentrations (0, 100 ppm, 200 ppm ,and 400ppm) of heavy metal (Cd) on germination process of seeds and biochemical parameters i.e., (chlorophyll, proline, and ascorbic acid) of soybean & chickpea. In our experiment the data revealed that higher concentration (200ppm) of Cd increase the levels of proline and ascorbic acid, but decrease the chlorophyll content in leaf of soybean & chickpea plant. While this report exist on , heavy metal (Cd) act as stress for plants life , and how plants responses to overcome. The future scope of this work remains in dig out the signaling mechanisms in germinating seeds in response to any heavy metal stress.Key-Words / Index Term
Cadmium, germination, heavy metals, soybean, stress, chickpea & prolineReferences
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Ruhi Khan, Gulafshan, Farha Rehman, Aabshar Khan, "Study on the Seeds Germination and Biochemical Parameters (Chlorophyll, Proline, and Ascorbic Acid) of Soybean & Chickpea under the Influence of Heavy Metal (CD) Stress.," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.135-139, 2020 -
Open Access Article
Otu, J.U.
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.140-146, Oct-2020
Abstract
This study determined the prevalence and susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients at University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. 120 swab specimens from patients were screened for staphylococci using standard microbiological protocol. Coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) isolates were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing for further identification. By disk diffusion method, antibiotic susceptibility test was evaluated in all the S. aureus strains. Results revealed that 46 (38.3%) CoPS and 52 (43.1%) coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were isolated. Morphological and biochemical characterization showed that of the 120 samples used, 98 (81.7%) yielded staphylococci, out of which only 9 strains of S. aureus were identified on the basis of 16S rRNA sequencing. The gender distribution ratio of prevalence of staphylococci was 25:21 (54.3%:45.7%) female to male but with male showing preponderance. There was no significant relationship between sex of patients and prevalence rate of CoPS at significant level (P?0.05). All the S. aureus strains were highly susceptible to ceftriaxone and cefixime and resistant to vancomycin, penicillin and chloramphenicol. There was significant difference (p?0.05) in the resistance patterns of the 9 strains of S. aureus. The results proved that S. aureus isolates from the clinical samples are relatively resistant to commonly used antibiotics. The outcome of this study is useful in moderating the right prescription of antibiotics against S. aureus infections especially in hospital settings.Key-Words / Index Term
Susceptibility, prevalence, resistanceReferences
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Otu, J.U., "Prevalence and Susceptibility Profiles Of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates from Outpatients and Inpatients at UCTH, Calabar, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.140-146, 2020
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