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• Open Access   Article

  Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using pigment producing Streptomyces sp and Its drug binding assay

  Santhanalakshmi Krishnamoorthy, Natarajan Ekambaram

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp.102-107, Oct-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i5.102107

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  Abstract
  Cardiovascular disease, management of hypertension is mostly treated by Amlodipine, atorvastatin and telmisartan. Amikacin also one of the pharmaceutical drugs against bacterial infections. The Streptomyces sp. DSK2 melanin absorbs the drugs in different concentration, different temperature and different incubation timings. The result shows that the Streptomyces sp. DSK2melanin absorb the drugs in 40◦C and the reaction timings were 180min. Amlodopine bind strongly at 40◦C at180 min, other two drugs Atorvastatin and Amikacin moderate bind at 40◦C at 120 min. Other biomedical studies of the Streptomyces sp. DSK2 melanin silver nanoprticle was synthesized in 180s by the microwave radiation method. The silver nanoparticle range 50nm in size, which is confirmed by TEM analysis, UV spectrum at 420nm , FTIR Spectrum , XRD. The melanin showed the potent antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH assay, the maximum activity was 87.96 and the total antioxidant activity phosphomolybdate assay) was 88.05. in this study , Streptomyces sp. DSK2 Melanin has great biomedical activity.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Drug, Streptomyces sp., Melanin, microwave radiation, silver nanoparticles

  References
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  Citation
  Santhanalakshmi Krishnamoorthy, Natarajan Ekambaram, "Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using pigment producing Streptomyces sp and Its drug binding assay," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.5, pp.102-107, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Elementary flux mode analysis of central carbon metabolism in Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus to enhance hydrogen production

  Nupoor Chowdhary, Gopal Ramesh Kumar

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp.108-116, Oct-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i5.108116

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  Abstract
  Microbial hydrogen production from biomass has been perceived as an imperative wellspring of renewable energy. Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus has proven itself to be an excellent candidate for biological hydrogen production. Hydrogen is produced as a biological product from central carbon metabolism pathway by the utilization of various soluble sugar substrates. An organism’s metabolism is a key factor in understanding its physiology, therefore, metabolic network of central carbon metabolism of C. saccharolyticus was reconstructed. The reconstructed and refined central carbon metabolism network comprises 31 reactions (excluding the efflux and influx reactions) and 40 metabolites in total. An elementary flux mode analysis of central carbon metabolism was carried out to investigate the underlying biochemical mechanism of hydrogen production by determining their intermediate fluxes, using linear programming (LP) method available in CellNetAnalyzer software. An in silico gene knockout of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) and pyruvate kinase (pyk) of the modeled central carbon metabolism pathway allows the maximum theoretical hydrogen yield of 46.2758 mmol/gDW/hr. The single gene knockout of ldh gene tends to increase the flux rate of hydrogen to 32%. Similarly, double gene knockout of ldh and pyk genes yielded an increase in hydrogen flux rate to 35%. Ultimately, this elementary flux mode analysis study of central carbon metabolism pathway of C. saccharolyticus with glucose as substrate or carbon source would further act as a model for strain improvement.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus; Biohydrogen; pathway reconstruction; elementary modes

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  Citation
  Nupoor Chowdhary, Gopal Ramesh Kumar, "Elementary flux mode analysis of central carbon metabolism in Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus to enhance hydrogen production," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.5, pp.108-116, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Faunal Diversity of the Little Rann of Kachchh (LRK), Gujarat, India

  Jigar D. Joshi, Ketan Tatu, Darpak Joshi, R. D. Kamboj

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp.117-123, Oct-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i5.117123

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  A study on vertebrate faunal diversity (i.e., diversity of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians) of the Little Rann of Kachchh (LRK), Gujarat, India was conducted from October 2015 to March 2017. The Little Rann of Kachchh (LRK) represents a unique ecosystem with combination of saline desert and a vast seasonal wetland. A large portion of the LRK is under legal protection as the Wild Ass Sanctuary (WAS). Islands (locally called bet) are the unique sub ecosystems in the ecosystem of Little Rann of Kachchh. There are around 74 bets and ‘dhasi’ in the LRK. Owing to their relatively better vegetation status, bet’s also support relatively rich fauna. Western, Eastern, Southern and Northern fringe areas of The Rann also have good habitat diversity and hence, they too have good fauna. A total of 260 species of wild vertebrates (i.e., mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians) were recorded during the present study. They included 26 species of mammals, 210 species of birds, 20 species of reptiles and 4 species of amphibians.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Amphibians, Birds, Faunal Diversity, Fringes, Herpetofauna, Islands (Bet’s), Little Rann of Kachchh (LRK), Mammals, Reptiles

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  Citation
  Jigar D. Joshi, Ketan Tatu, Darpak Joshi, R. D. Kamboj, "Faunal Diversity of the Little Rann of Kachchh (LRK), Gujarat, India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.5, pp.117-123, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Activity of Some Medicinal Plants Against Phytopathogenic Fungi

  S. Sivanandhan, P. Ganesan, A. Jackson, S. Darvin, M.G.Paulraj, S. Ignacimuthu

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp.124-137, Oct-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i5.124137

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  Abstract
  Crude extracts of 17 medicinal plants were examined for their antifungal properties against phytopathogenic fungi. Hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts were tested using disc diffusion method at concentrations varying from 1.25 to 5 mg/ disc. Among these, hexane extract of Blumea mollis was the most effective against Aspergillus flavus with zone of inhibition of 23mm at 5mg/disc concentration. The Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of B. mollis hexane extract against A. flavus, A. niger and Botrytis cinerea were 0.623, 0.825 and 0.622 mg/ml respectively. Terpenoids, saponins, anthraquinones and anthocyanins were detected in the hexane extract of B. mollis. Subsequently, GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed the main constituent to be cycloheptane (34.21%). This could have potential use as a fungicide against phytopathogens.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Phytopathogenic fungi, plant extract, disc diffusion, MIC, GCMS

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  Citation
  S. Sivanandhan, P. Ganesan, A. Jackson, S. Darvin, M.G.Paulraj, S. Ignacimuthu, "Activity of Some Medicinal Plants Against Phytopathogenic Fungi," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.5, pp.124-137, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Modeling and Docking Studies of Toll Like Receptor 7 From Homo Sapiens with Biosynthetic Compounds Rutin and Kaempferol

  Shahla Ahmadian, Archana Giri, Bhuvaneswari Chodisetti

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp.138-145, Oct-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i5.138145

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  Abstract
  Toll-like receptors (TLRs) serve as signaling molecules that identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as well as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and are expressed by various skin cells including keratinocytes and melanocytes, which are the main cell types involved in both non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers. A three dimensional model of Toll like receptor 7 from Homo sapiens was generated using 5GMF, as a template with Modeller9v7. With the aid of molecular mechanics and dynamic methods models were generated and checked by Procheck and 3D graph. After energy minimization, the 3D structure of Toll like receptor 7 was compared with a template, and with the aid of the molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics methods, the final models were obtained. Flexible docking studies were performed using a Toll like receptor 7 that is highly expressed with natural inhibitors Rutin and Kaempferol. The results indicated that ARG283, PRO284, LEU286, ILE523, PHE535, MET567, HIS645 in Toll like receptor 7 are important determinant residues in binding process as they have strong hydrogen bonding with these compounds indicating that these are potent inhibitors of toll like receptor 7.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Toll like receptor 7, modeling, molecular dynamics, Homo sapiens, docking studies

  References
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  Citation
  Shahla Ahmadian, Archana Giri, Bhuvaneswari Chodisetti, "Modeling and Docking Studies of Toll Like Receptor 7 From Homo Sapiens with Biosynthetic Compounds Rutin and Kaempferol," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.5, pp.138-145, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Entomophily of Apple ecosystem in Kashmir valley, India: A review

  Muzafar Riyaz, Pratheesh Mathew, Gabriel Paulraj, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu

  Review Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp.146-154, Oct-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i5.146154

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

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  Citation

  Abstract
  Pollination is a prerequisite for the efficiency of the vast majority of the yields in agrarian and horticultural ecosystems. This is carried out mostly by insects which are the prime agents of pollination in flowering plants. The present article is a review of the pollination aspects of apple orchards of Kashmir. Apple inflorescence requires assistance from insects to carry out the process of pollination and hence more the number of pollinators, higher the chance for better crop yield. The most important role of pollination is played for the most part by the species of Hymenoptera in Apple ecosystems. The pollinators are declining steadily, because of habitat destruction and unrestrained use of agrochemicals, pesticides and other antifungal sprays. Necessary steps should be taken for a better understanding of diversity and bio-ecology of insects in agricultural fields such that the pests, pollinators and other beneficial insects could be monitored easily, which will further aid better and eco-friendly conservation and management tactics. Despite the fact that Kashmir is a leading apple producer in the country, productivity should be increased to meet future demand. New approaches are needed to increase apple production through sustainable ways including increasing insect pollinators that can be employed in apple orchards by farmers. Such a framework will enhance the economic growth from apple cultivation and furthermore conserve the natural pollinator species in Kashmir.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Insect pollination, Bees, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Apple, Horticulture, Kashmir

  References
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  [7] Z. A. Malik, T. Choure, “Economics of Apple Cultivation with Special Reference to South Kashmir - India” Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, Vol.5, No.9:125-126, 2014.
  [8] R.T. Islam, S. Shrivastava, “A Study on Area, Production and Productivity of Apples in J&K from 2006-07 to 2015-16”, IJSRM Volume 5 Issue, 6516, 2017.
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  Citation
  Muzafar Riyaz, Pratheesh Mathew, Gabriel Paulraj, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu, "Entomophily of Apple ecosystem in Kashmir valley, India: A review," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.5, pp.146-154, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Entomophily of Apple ecosystem in Kashmir valley, India: A review

  Muzafar Riyaz, Pratheesh Mathew, Gabriel Paulraj, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp.155-163, Oct-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i5.155163

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Pollination is a prerequisite for the efficiency of the vast majority of the yields in agrarian and horticultural ecosystems. This is carried out mostly by insects which are the prime agents of pollination in flowering plants. The present article is a review of the pollination aspects of apple orchards of Kashmir. Apple inflorescence requires assistance from insects to carry out the process of pollination and hence more the number of pollinators, higher the chance for better crop yield. The most important role of pollination is played for the most part by the species of Hymenoptera in Apple ecosystems. The pollinators are declining steadily, because of habitat destruction and unrestrained use of agrochemicals, pesticides and other antifungal sprays. Necessary steps should be taken for a better understanding of diversity and bio-ecology of insects in agricultural fields such that the pests, pollinators and other beneficial insects could be monitored easily, which will further aid better and eco-friendly conservation and management tactics. Despite the fact that Kashmir is a leading apple producer in the country, productivity should be increased to meet future demand. New approaches are needed to increase apple production through sustainable ways including increasing insect pollinators that can be employed in apple orchards by farmers. Such a framework will enhance the economic growth from apple cultivation and furthermore conserve the natural pollinator species in Kashmir.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Insect pollination, Bees, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Apple, Horticulture, Kashmir

  References
  [1] D.B. Tembhare, “Modern Entomology” 2015 edition, Himalaya publishing house Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai, 1-2, 1997.
  [2] C.C. Labandeira, J.J Sepkoski, Jr., “Insect diversity in fossil record”. Science, New series, Vol. 261, No. 5119, 310, 1993.
  [3] C. Gillot, “Entomology”, Springer science and business media, 47, 2005.
  [4] G. W. Gibbs, “The Role of. Insects in Natural Terrestrial Ecosystems”, The New Zealand Entomologist, 1976, Vol. 6 No. 2,113, 1976.
  [5] R.U. Aziz, S. Gaherwal, “Egg parasitism caused by Trichogramma spp. against maize stem borer, Chilo partellus”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.4, Issue.5, pp.14-17, 2017.
  [6] M.A. Paray, S.H. Parey, Y. Munazah, K. Rizwana, B.H. Bhat, G. Saurav, S.A. Rather, “The pollinators of apple orchards of Kashmir valley (India) (distributional diversity)”. Ecology Environment & Conservation, 20 (Suppl.): 2014; S471, S475, 2014.
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  Citation
  Muzafar Riyaz, Pratheesh Mathew, Gabriel Paulraj, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu, "Entomophily of Apple ecosystem in Kashmir valley, India: A review," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.5, pp.155-163, 2018