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• Open Access   Article

  Effect of Different Stocking Densities on Behavior of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

  Firas A. Mizory, Nizar J. Hussein, Nareen S.A. Ali, Salam R. Hussein

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp.1-6, Aug-2020

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  Abstract
  An experiment was conducted to checking up the effects of overcrowding on common carp Cyprinus carpio prosperity using their behavior. Nine concrete ponds were used with three replication ponds for each density (3.6 m length, 2.7 m width, 1.00 m depth and 0.80 m water level) with water volume (7.776 m3) for each pond. Number of fishes per each pond was 4 (low density), 8 (medium density) and 12 (high density), weighing 1000 g. Water volume for each fish in ponds was (1.944 m3, 0.972 m3, 0.648 m3 respectively). Fish behavior was recorded by immediate sampling with frequency and duration. Each pond was observed directly on the front of pond. Results exposed that there was a significant difference (P<0.01) of time spent feeding between treatments. In addition, a significant difference (P<0.01) was found in resting time between treatments besides there was a worthy of difference of swimming time between different stocking densities. Time spent in swimming was recorded for high stocking density fishes more than other groups significantly (P<0.01), and significantly less time spent resting. Air breathing had significantly (P<0.01) for higher stocking density more than other stocking densities. In high stocking density all aggressive behaviors were found to be more significantly; bites and attacks (P<0.05), threatening and submission (P<0.01). It`s not recommend to stock less than two fishes per meter for carp at concrete ponds

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Common carp behavior, stocking density, Aggression, overcrowding, Swimming

  References
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  Citation
  Firas A. Mizory, Nizar J. Hussein, Nareen S.A. Ali, Salam R. Hussein, "Effect of Different Stocking Densities on Behavior of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.1-6, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  An Economical, Agri-Compliant and Environmentally Sustainable ?Sponge Culture? Method for Large-Scale Production of Actinopigments from soil Actinomycetes

  Hajra AS. Gupta, Ashlesha Pande, Dhwani Sanklecha, Holden Tuscano, Anjaly Tankaria, Andrea Pinto

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp.7-13, Aug-2020

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  Actinomycetes are potent producers of color and antimicrobial pigments, having found applications in the pharmaceutical and food sectors. Unfortunately, industrial fermentation of actinopigments is not carried out on large-scale due to obstacles faced in their culture, product harvest, and expenditure. Additionally, the use of rice, wheat bran, and other food-based culture substrates limit the exploration of actinopigments only to the laboratory. To overcome such hurdles, we describe here a novel ?sponge culture? method for the culture of Actinomycetes and extraction of color pigments. In the sponge culture method, a polyurethane sponge was used as an inert substrate for attachment and propagation of the isolates in the form of a modified submerged fermentation technique. Three soil Streptomyces spp., brown, black and yellow, identified from mycelial morphology and biochemical tests, were inoculated in sponge culture and rice bed culture. Actinopigments, extracted in organic solvents, were obtained in solution by sponge culture, and as a fine powder in rice bed culture. Pigments extracted from the sponge culture method were read in a UV visible spectrophotometer to record their λmax. The two culture-extraction methods were compared based on ease of extraction, expenditure, efficiency, being environment, and agriculture friendly. The sponge culture method proved not only superior to rice culture but also economical. With this method, the industrialization of actinopigments appears practical, profitable, and consumer-friendly. This technique wins the approval of agriculture society and environmentalists, discouraging the use of food-based substrates and promoting the recycling of plastic sponge for a cleaner environment

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Actinomycetes, Color pigments, Streptomyces, Pigment extraction, Eco friendly, Fermentation, Polyurethane

  References
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  Citation
  Hajra AS. Gupta, Ashlesha Pande, Dhwani Sanklecha, Holden Tuscano, Anjaly Tankaria, Andrea Pinto, "An Economical, Agri-Compliant and Environmentally Sustainable ?Sponge Culture? Method for Large-Scale Production of Actinopigments from soil Actinomycetes," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.7-13, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Handling a Novel Nanoscale D-erythro-MAPP in Lung Cancer Treatment: An In vitro Cytotoxicity Research

  Emre ??mlek?i, Canan Vejselova Sezer, Hatice Mehtap Kutlu

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp.14-18, Aug-2020

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  Abstract
  Cancer disease cause high mortality rates through the world. Lung cancer has ranked between the most prevalent cancers among the rare cancer types. Surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiation are current techniques for its treatment. Besides traditional applications, it is necessary to explore and use more effective and inexpensive agents with low toxicity for lung cancer cure. While sphingolipids are the key bio-active elements of cellular membranes in high organisms, they serve as significant modulators of bio-functions of the cells as proliferation, division and death. Based on the above mentioned regulatory functions of ceramide molecule including with its role as cell signalling agent it has been regarded as a target for anticancer treatment with high potency. The utilization of nano-scale compounds for treatment approaches currently have become popular and initiate the invention of a variety of nano-materials with improved specific characteristics and multi-dimensional theranostic functions. Herein, a novel solid lipid nanoparticle of the ceramidase inhibitor, D-erythro-MAPP (D-e-MAPP), with modified targeting ability was designed, produced, and investigated as potential anticancer agent. Results imply to the high level pro-apoptotic and cytotoxic actions of the agent on lung cancer cells, thus it may be suggested for a high potent candidate for cancer therapy

  Key-Words / Index Term
  A549, D-e-MAPP, Sphingolipid, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles, Ceramidase

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  [16] M. Pushkareva, R. Chao, A. Bielawska, A.H., Jr. Merrill, H.M. Crane, B. Lagu, D. Liotta, Y.A. Hannun, ?Stereoselectivity of Induction of The Retinoblastom Gene Product (pRb) Dephosphorylation by D-erythro-sphingosine Supports a Role for pRb in Growth Suppression by Sphingosine,? Biochemistry, Vol. 34, pp.1885?1892, 1995.
  [17] Y. Yatomi, F. Ruan, S. Hakomori, Y. Igarashi. ?Sphingosine-1-phosphate: A Platelet-Activating Sphingolipid Released From Agonist-Stimulated Human Platelets,? Blood, Vol. 86, pp.193?202, 1995.
  [18] G.S. Dbaibo, M.Y. Pushkareva, S. Jayadev, J.K. Schwarz, J.M. Horowitz, L.M. Obeid, Y.A. Hannun, ?Retinoblastoma Gene Product as a Downstream Target for a Ceramide-Dependent Pathway of Growth Arrest,? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 92, pp.1347?1351, 1995.
  [19] R. Chao, W. Khan, Y.A. Hannun, ?Retinoblastoma Protein Dephosphorylation Induced by D-erythro-Sphingosine,? The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 267, pp.23459 ?23462, 1992.
  [20] A. Bielawska, M.S. Greenberg, D. Perry, S. Jayadev, J. A. Shayman, C. McKay, Y.A. Hannun, ?(1S,2R)-D-erythro-2-(N-Myristoylamino)-1-phenyl-1-propanol as an Inhibitor of Ceramidase,? The Journal Of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 271, No.21, pp.12646?12654, 1996.
  [21] P. Suganya, K. Ramya, G. Suja, ?Garcinia cowa: A Potential target for Drug Therapy against Lung Cancer,? International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.180-184, 2020.

  Citation
  Emre ??mlek?i, Canan Vejselova Sezer, Hatice Mehtap Kutlu, "Handling a Novel Nanoscale D-erythro-MAPP in Lung Cancer Treatment: An In vitro Cytotoxicity Research," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.14-18, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Social Media Usage, Eating Habits and Nutritional Status of School-Going Adolescents: A Descriptive Study

  Nutan Shinde, Vandana Garg

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp.19-25, Aug-2020

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  Abstract
  Influence of social media on eating habits of adolescent children (increased number of meals taken other than home; consumption of junk foods in the forms of snacks and soft drinks) could increase their chances of developing health risks in adulthood such as obesity. Therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalent eating habits; physical activity, and use of social media among school-going adolescents. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 150 adolescents studying in a private school, located in the suburban area of Faridabad. Data related to social media usage, eating habits and physical activity was collected using self-administered questionnaires. The purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit students from classes eight to ten aged between 12-18 years. A total sample of 150 students comprised 63% boys and 37% girls. The mean age of the students was 14.2?1.12 years. There was a significant difference between the BMI of students who spent ≤ 3 hours and > 3 hours on social media as mean BMI was 18.13?2.64 and 19.59?3.94 respectively with the increase in time spent on social media. Frequent consumption of food items high in salt, sugar, and fat was also seen. Increased time spent on social media sites just for fun activity would be reducing the nutritional status of adolescents. Less intake of nutritious food might also cause micronutrient deficiency. We need to conduct more such studies to find the health effects of excess social media usage

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Social media, Adolescents, Eating habits, obesity, hypertension, physical activity

  References
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  [3] M .M.Singh, A. Mohammad, S Sabbarwal," social media usage: positive and negative effects on the lifestyle of Indian youth?, Iranian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research, Vol.5, Issue. 3, pp.123-127, 2017.
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  [6] D.Saxena, T. Puwar T, S.Yasobant, ? Noncommunicable diseases among school-going adolescents: A case study on the prevalence of risk factors from Sabarkantha District of Gujarat?, India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, Vol. 43, Issue. 5, pp. 33-37, 2018.
  [7] R.Chudasama, T.Eshwar, S.Eshwar, et al., "Prevalence of obesity and overweight and their comparison by three growth standards among affluent school students aged 8?18 years in Rajkot", Indian Journal of Public Health, Vol.61, Issue.1, pp. 51-54, 2017.
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  [9] P.Kotecha, S. Patel, R.Baxi, et al., ?Dietary Pattern of School Going Adolescents in Urban Baroda, India?, Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition, Vol. 31, Issue. 4, pp.490-496, 2014.
  [10] E.Neter, R.B.Melaman, A.Tavor, ?The effect of exposure to food in social networks on food cravings and external eating?, Ruppin academic, Israel, pp.1-36, 2018., ?The effect of exposure to food in social networks on food cravings and external eating?, Ruppin academic, Israel, pp.1-36, 2018.
  [11] C.Holmberg, E.J Chaplin, T.Hillman, et al., ?Adolescents` presentation of food in social media: An explorative study?, Appetite, 99, pp.121-129, 2016.
  [12] J.S.Bodenlos, B.M.Wormuth. ?Watching a food-related television show and caloric intake. A laboratory study?. Appetite; 61, 1, pp. 8‐12, 2013.
  [13] Global school-based health survey by the World health organization (WHO)
  [14] N.Shukla, M.Shukla, S.Ahmad, et al. ?Watching a food-related television show and caloric intake. A laboratory study?. A preliminary study on eating habits among school-going adolescent girls in barabanki district, Uttar Pradesh?, Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 5, 1C, pp.184-187, 2017.
  [15] N.Stettler, T.Signer, P.Suter ?Electronic Games and Environmental Factors Associated with Childhood Obesity in Switzerland?. Obesity Research, Vol.12, Issue.6, pp.896-903, 2004.
  [16] R.Priyadarshini R. ?Impact of media on the physical health of urban school children of age group 11-17yrs in Chennai - A cross-sectional study", IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. 9, Issue.5,pp.30-35, 2013.
  [17] M.Lyngdoh, B.S. Akoijam, S. Agui RK, et al. "Diet, physical activity, and screen time among school students in Manipur", Indian J Community Med, Vol.44, Issue. 2, pp.134-137, 2019.
  [18] D.Khajeheian, A.M. Colabi, N.B.A.K.Shah, et al. ?Effect of Social Media on Child Obesity: Application of Structural Equation Modeling with the Taguchi Method?, Int J Environ Res Public Health, Vol.15, Issue.7,pp.1343, 2018.
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  Citation
  Nutan Shinde, Vandana Garg, "Social Media Usage, Eating Habits and Nutritional Status of School-Going Adolescents: A Descriptive Study," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.19-25, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Seasonal variation of Helminth Parasites in Fresh Water Fishes of Sauwan Nallah of Balrampur, U.P., India

  Sadguru Prakash, Dharmendra Singh

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp.26-29, Aug-2020

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  Abstract
  Fresh water fishes carry heavy infection of helminth parasites. Infection of these parasites may be result in poor growth, postpone sexual maturity and mortality of fishes, and cause human and animal diseases. In the present study fish species Channa punctatus , Clarias batrachus and Heteropneustes fossilis were collected from Sauwan Nallah throughout the year to assess the population dynamic of parasites helminth. The result of the present investigation shows that the prevalence, intensity, density and index of helminth parasite infection were highest in summer moderate in winter and minimum in monsoon season. In the present investigation 12 genera belonging to different groups of parasitic helminthes were identified. Out of 12 genera, 4 belong to cestode, 3 to trematods and 5 to nematods. The results indicated that climatic conditions are directly or indirectly influences the intensity of parasitic infection

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Prevalence, Intensity, Density, Cestodes, Trematods, Nematodes

  References
  [1]. S.K. Verma, S.Yadav, and A.M. Saxena, An ecological analysis of acanthocephalan parasites of Channa punctatus of river Gomti, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. International Journal of Zoology Studies.3(2): 01-04. 2018.
  [2]. K.Sarma, and M.M. Goswami, Organal distribution of Endo-helminth parasites in three snakeheaded fish species of Deeper beel, Assam, India. AQUACULT. 12(2):159-166. 2011.
  [3]. B.V. Jadhav.and D.R. Bhure, Population dynamics of the helminth parasite in freshwater fishes from Marathwada region (M.S) India. Flora and Fauna. 12(2):143-148. 2006.
  [4]. W.A. Rahman and H. Saidin, Relationship between sex and parasite intensity in four freshwater fish species from TasikMerah, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. World J. Zoology. 4:370-374. 2014.
  [5]. J.Y. Chai, K.D. Murrel, A.J.Lymbery, Fish-borne parasitic zoonoses: status and issues. Int. J. Parasitol., 35:1233-1254. 2005.
  [6]. K.S.N. Al-Marjan and S.M.A. Abdullah, Some ectoparasites of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Ainkawa fish hatchery, Erbil province. J. Duhok Univ. 12(1):102?107.2009.
  [7]. S, Prakash and A.K.Verma, Incidence of parasites in Labeo rohita (Hamilton) at Balrampur (U.P.). Life science Bulletin. 14(2):181-183. 2017.
  [8]. S. Yamaguti, Systema Helminthum-IV:Monogenea and Aspidocotylea. Interscience Publication, NewYork.pp699. 1963.
  [9] S.P. Gupta, Nematode parasites of vertebrates of East Pakistan III. Camallandidae from fishes, amphibian and reptiles. Can. J. Zool. 86:771-779. 1959.
  [10]. L. Margolis, G.W.Esch, J.C. Holmer, A.M. Kuris, G.A. Schad, The use of ecological terms in parasitology.. Journal of Parasitoogyl., 68: 131-133. 1982.
  [11]. A. R. Singh, Preliminary observation of seasonal influence in prevalence, mean intensity and relative density of flukes in freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.) in relation to trematode infestation. Proc. Zool. Soc. India. 5(1):31-34. 2006.
  [12]. C.R.Kennedy, Ecologiacal aspect of parasitology North Holand publishing company. Amsterdam 10x Ford. 1976.
  [13]. D. Mukherjee, M. Soni, K.B. Sanyal, G.Dash, Prevalence of Ectoparasitic Infestation in Indian Major Carps During Winter at Different Blocks of South 24-Parganas District, West Bengal, India. Journal of Fisheries Science.1 (1): 7-14.2019.
  [14] N. U. Devi, N.R. Singh, D. Kar, Studies on Fish Affected with Epizootic Ulceric Syndrome with Special Emphasis on Parasitic Infestation-A Project Report, Biological Forum-An International Journal, 7(1): 155-164. 2015.

  Citation
  Sadguru Prakash, Dharmendra Singh, "Seasonal variation of Helminth Parasites in Fresh Water Fishes of Sauwan Nallah of Balrampur, U.P., India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.26-29, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  A Study on Phytochemical Screening and Analysis of Leaf Extract of Withania Somnifera

  S. Fathaunnisha, V. Hemamalini, H. Jayasudha, R. Sridhar

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp.30-34, Aug-2020

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  Abstract
  Withania somnifera is a highly renowned plant in the Indian Ayurvedic and Unani System of medicine. This plant is known to promote physical and mental health and is used to treat almost all of the disorders that affect human health. So, it is called as? Power Herb?. The present study investigated the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of W. somnifera. The leaves were shade dried and powdered and sequentially extracted with Hexane, Ethyl acetate, and Ethanol solvents. Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical analysis was performed for the three extracts. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, quinones, phenols, etc., Quantitative estimation of the phytochemicals was also evaluated. Biologically active phytochemicals were mainly present in the Ethyl acetate extract of W. somnifera

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Amukkura, Extraction, Phytochemical analysis, Tannins, Flavonoids

  References
  [1] Rege, N N et a., ?Adaptogenic properties of six rasayana herbs used in Ayurvedic medicine.? Phytotherapy research: PTR Vol. 13, Issue 4, pp. 275-91, 1999.
  [2] Pandey. S.S, Singh, S., Pandey, H. et al, ?Endophytes of Withania somnifera modulate in planta content and the site of withanolide biosynthesis.? Scientific reports Issue 8, pp. 5450, 2018.
  [3] Gupta, Parul et al, ?Comparative transcriptome analysis of different chemotypes elucidates withanolide biosynthesis pathway from medicinal plant Withania somnifera.? Scientific reports Vol. 5 18611, 21 Dec. 2015 doi: 10.1038/srep18611.
  [4] Sukanya M.S., Archana Giri, "Enhanced Production of Therapeutically Valuable Withaferin A from In Vitro Propagated Withania Somnifera (L.) Dunal," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences?, Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.1-6, 2020
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  [11] Tholl D, ?Biosynthesis and biological functions of terpenoids in plants, Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnology , Vol. 148, pp. 63-106, 2015.
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  [13] Abduljalil, Jameel & Al-Rakhami, Asmaa & Al-Haj, Thabet & Al-Rrimy, Ali & Al-Wheabi, Amatallah, ?Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Methanol Extracts from Origanum majorana, Rumex nervosus, and Withania somnifera.? Int J Pharma Res Health Sci, Vol. 6, Issue 6, pp-2844-2850, 2018.
  [14] Bashir, H. S., Mohammed, A. M., Magsoud, A. S., & Shaoub, A. M, "Isolation of three flavonoids from Withania somnifera leaves (Solanaceae) and their antimicrobial activities." Journal of Forest Products and Industries Vol. 2, Issue 5, pp. 39, 2013.

  Citation
  S. Fathaunnisha, V. Hemamalini, H. Jayasudha, R. Sridhar, "A Study on Phytochemical Screening and Analysis of Leaf Extract of Withania Somnifera," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.30-34, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Activities of Cinnamaldehyde from Boswellia Serrata on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line

  Poornima B.N., Farah Deeba

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp.35-43, Aug-2020

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  Abstract
  Boswellia serrata also known as Indian frankincense is known for its medical practice for thousands of years. B. serrata is recognized for its anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory actions. Cinnamaldehyde is one of the common compounds derived from B. serrata from Methanolic extract (ME), Dichloromethanol extract (DME) and Hydrodistillate extracts. MCF-7 cell lines were tested to understand the effects of cinnamaldehyde on hemolysis, its cytotoxic effect, and antioxidant activity (Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and Clonogenic Survival Assays). Cinnamaldehyde is a natural substance derived from B. serrata that is known for its anti-proliferative activity. The anti-proliferative effect of cinnamaldehyde was investigated to work out its mechanisms of inhibition of growth proliferation at the morphological level. 100?M of ME was found to be more efficient to deliver the expected results while deriving less inhibition coefficient when compared with 100?M of DME. The study reveals the mechanisms of the anti-proliferative activities of cinnamaldehyde in MCF-7 breast cell lines, and further emphasizes that cinnamaldehyde could be a safe and effective natural agent for the treatment of breast cancer. These studies indicate that Cinnamaldehyde could be a potential candidate for further studies related to chemo therapy for breast carcinoma

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Breast Carcinoma, MCF-7 cell line, Boswellia serrata, Cinnamaldehyde, Catechin

  References
  [1] Dennis R.A. Mans, Adriana B. da Rocha , Gilberto Schwartsmann. Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery and Development in Brazil: Targeted Plant Collection as a Rational Strategy to Acquire Candidate Anti-Cancer Compounds, The Oncologist Vol.5, Issue.3, pp.185-198, 2000.
  [2] Ramchandra Kamath, Kamaleshwar S Mahajan, Lena Ashok, and T S Sanal. A Study on Risk Factors of Breast Cancer Among Patients Attending the Tertiary Care Hospital, in Udupi District.Investigation on prevalence and familial history of breast cancer in Karnataka. US National Library of Medicine , National Institutes of Health Indian J Community Med, Vol.38, Issue.2, pp. 95?99, 2013.
  [3] Diana Ly , David Forman , Jacques Ferlay ,Louise A. Brinton ,Michael B. Cook, An international comparison of male and female breast cancer incidence rates. Epidemiology. Int. J. Cancer Vol.132, Issue.8, pp.1918-1926, 2012.
  [4] Subhojit Dey, Amr S. Soliman, Ahmad Hablas, Ibrahim A. Seifeldin, Kadry Ismail,Mohamed Ramadan, Hesham El-Hamzawy, Mark L. Wilson, Mousumi Banerjee, Paolo Boffetta,Joe Harford, Sofia D. Merajver, Urban-rural differences in breast cancer incidence by hormone receptor status across 6 years in Egypt. Breast Cancer Res Treat, Vol 120, Issue. 1, pp. 149?160, 2010.
  [5] Horwitz KB, Costlow ME, McGuire WL. MCF-7; a human breast cancer cell line with estrogen, androgen, progesterone, and glucocorticoid receptors, Steroids, Vol.26, Issue.6, pp.785-95,1975.
  [6] Farah Iram Shah, Alam Khan, Asif Husain, Phytochemistry and potential therapeutic actions of Boswellic acids: A mini-review, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, Vol.7, Issue.6, pp. 513-523, 2017.
  [7] Bhushan S, Kumar A, Malik F, Andotra SS, Sethi VK, Kaur IP, Taneja SC, Qazi GN, Singh J. A triterpenediol from Boswellia serrata induces apoptosis through both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Apoptosis. Springer, Vol.12, Issue.10, pp.1911?1926, 2007.
  [8] M. Z. Siddiqui.Boswellia serrata, A Potential Antiinflammatory Agent: An Overview; Indian J Pharm Sci, Vol.73, Issue.3, pp.255?26, 2011.
  [9] Sankpal UT, Goodison S, Abdelrahim M, Basha R. Targeting SP1 Transcription Factor in Prostate Cancer Therapy. Med Chem, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.518-25, 2011.
  [10] Lin HK, Suhail MM, Fung KM, Woolley CL, Young DG. Extraction of biologically active compounds by hydrodistillation of Boswellia species gum resins for anti-cancer therapy. OA Alternative Medicine Vol.02, Issue.1, pp.4, 2013.
  [11] Chuang, Lea-Yea, Guh, Jinn-Yuh, Chao, Louis Kuoping, Lu, Ying-Chen, Hwang, Jean-Yu,Yang, Yu-Lin, Cheng, Tsan-Hwang, Yang, Wan-Yu, Chien, Ying-Jiun, Huang, Jau-Shyang. Anti-proliferative effects of cinnamaldehyde on human hepatoma cell lines. Food chemistry Vol. 133, Issue. 4, pp. 1603-1610, 2012.
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  Citation
  Poornima B.N., Farah Deeba, "Activities of Cinnamaldehyde from Boswellia Serrata on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.35-43, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Behavior of Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated With Mulberry Plants with Special Emphasis to the Family Hoplolaimidae from Manipur, India

  Loukrakpam Bina, Naorem Mohilal

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp.44-50, Aug-2020

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  Abstract
  A study for the population behavior of plant parasitic nematodes associated with mulberry plants was conducted as a part of a thesis submitted to Manipur University in four mulberry farms located at valley districts of Manipur, India. Out of the parasitic nematodes, tylenchid nematodes belonging to the family Hoplolaimidae were found abundantly from the all studied farms. Population changes of the nematodes in relation to soil pH, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium contents were found. The study showed increased nematode population with increased in soil organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous and pH contents and decreased population with increased soil potassium content. Highest nematode population was found at clayey- loam soil type with greater contents of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and pH whereas least population was found at sandy loam soil with least nitrogen and phosphorous contents. Among the nematode species of the family Hoplolaimidae, the most abundant Helicotylenchus graminophilus increased its population with increase in soil organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous and pH contents while the population decreased with increased soil potassium content. The least abundant nematode population of Rotylenchus minutus increased with increased of potassium content while its population decreased with increased in soil pH, organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous contents

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Population behavior, nematodes, Hoplolaimidae, soil parameters, Manipur

  References
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  Citation
  Loukrakpam Bina, Naorem Mohilal, "Behavior of Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated With Mulberry Plants with Special Emphasis to the Family Hoplolaimidae from Manipur, India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.44-50, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Antibacterial Activities of Soaps Prepared from Selected Plant Oils

  A.A. Warra, H.Y. Tanko, N. Salisu, K. Isah, A.O. Adedara

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp.51-56, Aug-2020

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  Abstract
  Plant oils are liquids extracted from plants usually plant seeds. They can be obtained through steam-distillation, solvent-extraction, resin trapping, and mechanical method such as cold pressing. Plant oil constituents contribute to the beneficial or adverse effects against pathogenic bacteria because the skin harbors diverse bacteria, and alterations to these bacteria can affect the effectiveness of skin as a blockage to infectious disease or create skin injury. Soaps formulated with plant oil have been found effective both in cleaning and killing bacteria. The aim of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of some selected seed oil from plant for soap formulation. Soap tablets were produced through the cold saponification process by reacting to the selected seed oils (baobab oil, canary oil, castor beans oil, wild grapes, cottonseed oil, onion oil, and calabash seed oil) with sodium hydroxide. The sodium hydroxide solution was added to each seed oils in ratio 1:1 v/v and activities of the soap against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi were investigated. The results revealed that soap formulated with Onion seed oil possessed the highest activity against all bacterial strains. However, cottonseed oil, canary melon oil possessed good activities against all strains of bacteria only at higher concentrations (150mg/L and 200mg/L). The result suggests that the formulated soap especially those formulated with Onion seed oil, cottonseed oil, and canary melon oil will be effective in the eradication of skin bacteria. The oils can be used as an antibacterial agent in the industrial production soaps

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Plant oils, saponification, microorganisms, antimicrobial, innoculation

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  Citation
  A.A. Warra, H.Y. Tanko, N. Salisu, K. Isah, A.O. Adedara, "Antibacterial Activities of Soaps Prepared from Selected Plant Oils," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.51-56, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Efficacy of Synthetic Pesticides against Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) in Okra

  Hira Mannan Shaikh, Razique Ali Nahiyoon, Jilian Li, Maqsood Ali Laghari

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp.57-62, Aug-2020

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  Abstract
  The field evaluation of some synthetic pesticides (Acetamiprid 19% weightable water (WW), Lambda 25% WW, Colarphipare 32% WW, Lambda 2.5% WW, and Abamectin 1.3% WW), for their efficacy, were performed against Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) on okra crop, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan during 2016 and observations were to against the target insect pests after 24 hrs., 48 hrs., 72 hrs., and 07 days of each spray in all the treatments. The pre-treatment count of the whitefly on okra was non-significant different from the toxicity of pesticides (P>0.05). In contrast, the evaluated efficacy of different insecticides against whitefly was significantly different from the toxicity of pesticides (P<0.01). All the pesticides showed their highest efficacy after seven days of spray, and Acetamiprid 19% weightable water (WW) was more useful to combat the target insect pests as compared to other pesticides that produced field efficacy of 93.06 and 95.47% against whitefly after seven days of 1st and 2nd spray respectively. Abamectin, 1.3% WW, was moderately effective that produced field efficacy of 57.44 and 50.91% against whitefly after seven days of 1st and 2nd spray, respectively. Colarphipare, 32% WW, was also moderately effective that produced field efficacy of 66.73 and 62.31% against whitefly after seven days of 1st and 2nd spray, respectively. Acetamiprid, 19% WW, showed higher efficacy against sucking complex, followed by Colarphipare 32% WW and Abamectin 1.3% WW, while Lambda 25% WW and Lambda 2.5%WW were least effective. Acetamiprid 19% showed 100% efficacy against whitefly both during 1st and 2nd spray after 07 days of spray

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), Pesticides, Acetamiprid, Colarphipare, Lambda, Abamectin

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  Citation
  Hira Mannan Shaikh, Razique Ali Nahiyoon, Jilian Li, Maqsood Ali Laghari, "Efficacy of Synthetic Pesticides against Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) in Okra," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.57-62, 2020