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Open Access Article
Lawrence Mango
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp.1-7, Apr-2022
Abstract
Disposal of mine tailings on the ecosystem can cause alterations in plant productivity. A study was carried out to assess the effects of grass, herbaceous and woody diversity, and aboveground biomass C on nickel mine tailings dumps with 19, 22, 24 and 26-years old Acacia saligna trees at Trojan Nickel mine, Zimbabwe. The total counting method was used to determine the number of individual herbaceous and woody species. The Braun Blanquet abundance and cover scale was used for the diversity of grass species while the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’) was used to determine diversity of herbaceous and woody species among the mine tailings dumps. Aboveground biomass C data was estimated from allometry equations using tree height, diameter at breast height and wood density measurements. Analysis of variance was used to determine mean aboveground biomass C with difference in tree age. The aboveground biomass C including surface litter increased significantly (p<0.05) with the age of A. saligna trees on tailings’ dumps. The diversity of herbaceous, woody and grass species increased with the age of A. saligna trees. Herbaceous species diversity was highest (H’=2.21) in the tailings’ dump with 26-years old A. saligna trees while the tailings’ dump with 22-years old A. saligna trees recorded the least species diversity (H’=1.87). Re-vegetation of mine tailings should be considered in ecological restoration. However, aboveground biomass C content of different plant species thriving on mine tailings’ dumps has to be studied in order to determine the mine tailings’ dump ecosystem C stocks. The study also recommends an in-depth research on seasonal diversity of specific species on mine tailings’ dumps.Key-Words / Index Term
Aboveground biomass carbon, allometry equations, carbon sequestration, species diversity, wood densityReferences
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Lawrence Mango, "Evaluating Species Diversity and Aboveground Biomass Carbon at Bindura Nickel Tailings Dumps Rehabilitated with Acacia saligna (Labill) Trees," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.1-7, 2022 -
Open Access Article
Jay Mar A. Barcenas, Christine C. Bechayda
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp.8-16, Apr-2022
Abstract
This mixed-design study aims to document the spore characteristics of common pteridophyte species in Cagraray Island, Philippines through palynology. This bridges the gap between spore-based palynological study and scheme for classifications in lower taxa of pteridophyte species. A total of 18 pteridophytes collected from three barangays in Cagraray Island were identified under eight distinct types of families. The spores from the fronds of pteridophytes were gathered and observed using compound microscope while its measurement was supervised by a micrometer. The study revealed three major spore shapes as to tetrahedral, tetrahedral-globose and ellipsoidal, whereas spore appendages were primarily spiny, longitudinally striate, globose, reticulate, angular, warted, and rugose/wrinkled. Sizes of spore vary from 32.67µm to 34.32µm showing parallelism from the majority of previously documented works with significant and minimal changes in the spore size of other species. Classification in lower taxa following the spore shape and appendage was proposed as an augmentation for future classification of pteridophytes particularly under sub-genera and sub-families. This study concluded the variation in the morphological characteristics of pteridophyte spores and the abundance of genetic variety resulting into multiple arrays of pteridophyte spores’ characteristics. This study recommends the need to update the records on palynology research specifically in the characterization of spores of pteridophyte species. Future parallel investigations and studies are also recommended to other pteridophyte species not considered in the present research.Key-Words / Index Term
Pteridophytes, Morphology, Taxonomy, Spore, Cagraray, PalynologyReferences
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Jay Mar A. Barcenas, Christine C. Bechayda, "Spore-Based Palynological Study of Common Pteridophyte Species in Cagraray Island, Philippines: Grounds for Classification in Lower Taxa," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.8-16, 2022 -
Open Access Article
Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay, Suvendu Panda
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp.17-23, Apr-2022
Abstract
In the aquatic ecosystem, zooplankton plays a crucial role. Its distribution and assortment, however, are driven by several physicochemical parameters in an association. The present study, on the zooplankton community, was carried out between March 2021 to February 2022 for one year at the Saheb Bandh, Purulia West Bengal, to unveil the critical association between zooplankton and physicochemical parameters. For this purpose, Water samples were also tested for zooplankton community composition and density. The parameters correlated positively with several zooplankton groups. A variety of physicochemical characteristics were measured for the water samples. Totally 4 taxonomic groups of zooplankton were identified from Saheb Bandh, Purulia (Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda, and Ostracoda). A total of 25 taxa were recorded (Rotifera 10, Cladocera7, Copepods 5 and Ostracoda 3). Among the Rotiferans, Branchionus sp, and Keratella sp, etc. species; among the Cladocerans, Daphnia sp, Moina sp, and Bosmina sp, etc. species; among Copepodans, Cyclops sp and Mesocyclops sp, etc. species and among the Ostracodans, Candona sp, Heterocypris sp, and cypria sp, etc. species were abundant. The zooplankton in this lake follows a sequence as Rotifera > Cladocera > Copepods > Ostracoda. A correlation was drawn between various physicochemical parameters and zooplankton density. Some changes in zooplankton community structure are related to seasonal changes in water temperature, ph, hardness, alkalinity, and nutrient content in the water. Increased levels of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and nutrients such as nitrates, and phosphates indicate favorable conditions for the growth of zooplankton. This study showed that the presence of the aforementioned species is considered a biological indicator of eutrophication.Key-Words / Index Term
Environmental factors, Seasonal Variation, Saheb Bandh Lake, Zooplankton, Rotifera, Global climate changeReferences
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Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay, Suvendu Panda, "Establishment of Significant Correlation between Seasonal Physicochemical parameters and Zooplankton Diversity in Saheb Bandh, at Purulia, West Bengal," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.17-23, 2022 -
Open Access Article
Vincent kulamter Apuu, Itorobong Ibong Nkanga, Faith Odije Okita, Janet Sunday
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp.24-29, Apr-2022
Abstract
The recovery of protozoa cysts and helminths ova from fruits and vegetables is of great public health significance. Consumption of improperly washed fresh fruits and vegetables constitutes considerable health risk and is the major route of transmission of intestinal parasites. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of parasites on edible fruits and vegetables sold in Makurdi and Otukpo metropolises, Nigeria. Samples were obtained from 3 markets per location and a total of 9 fruits and vegetables were used for the study. Sediments obtained from washing the fruits and vegetables with normal saline were centrifuged and then viewed under the microscope using x4 and x10 objectives. Eggs, cysts, and larvae of parasites including Ascaris lumbricoides (37.60%), Giardia lamblia (10.86%), Entamoeba histolytica (14.13%), Fasciola hepatica (10.86%) and Strongyloides stercolaris (22.82%) were found to be prevalent in this study across the sampled locations. There was no statistical significance between infected fruits and vegetables with markets, locations and all sampled variables in this study (p<0.05). The result from this study showed high contamination (40.4%) of fruits and vegetables sold in Makurdi and Otukpo markets in Benue State. All parasites recovered in this study are of public health importance as they have been mostly implicated to cause morbidity in man and animals. Hygienic Practices should be promoted among farmers, vendors and the public through health education, health awareness campaigns, to mitigate contamination of fruits and vegetables.Key-Words / Index Term
Protozoa, helminths, Fruits, Vegetables, Parasites, Makurdi, OtukpoReferences
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Vincent kulamter Apuu, Itorobong Ibong Nkanga, Faith Odije Okita, Janet Sunday, "Prevalence of Parasites of Medical Importance on Fruits and Vegetables Sold in Markets of Makurdi and Otukpo, Benue State-Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.24-29, 2022 -
Open Access Article
Elaine Santana-Rodríguez, Mary Karla Méndez-Orta, Talía. Sardina-González, María Pilar Rodríguez-Moltó, Sara Castell- Brizuela, Yusmel Sordo-Puga, Danny Pérez-Pérez, Alianne Fundora-Llera, Aymé Oliva-Cárdenas, Milagros Vargas-Hernández, Carlos A. Duarte, María Teresa Frías-Lepoureaux, Marisela Suárez-Pedroso
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp.30-34, Apr-2022
Abstract
Porvac® is a subunit vaccine against classical swine fever (CSF) that has been recently registered in Cuba. The Neutralizing Peroxidase Linked Assay (NPLA) is the preferred method to measure the levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against classical swine fever virus (CSFV). The purposes of this study were to assess the consistency of the NPLA technique conducted for three years at the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) and to homologate the performance of the technique with the Nacional Center for Animal Health (CENSA), a reference laboratory for CSF validated by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). The consistency of the test was evaluated through two types of systematic controls: the back-titration of the virus stock, and the internal control serum. The 89.3 % of 140 NPLA assays conducted during this period were valid according to the OIE recommendations for the back-titration. The geometric mean of the NAb titre for the internal control was 1628, with lower and upper 95% confidence intervals of 1542 and 1710, respectively. The inter-assay geometric coefficient of variation of the assay was 31.4 %. Finally, a 100% coincidence for CSFV positivity and a statistically significant correlation (Spearman r = 0.78, p < 0.0001) between NAb titres measured at CIGB and CENSA was found after the parallel evaluation of 136 samples from Porvac® vaccinated pigs. Those results indicate that the NPLA assay instrumented at CIGB is robust, highly reproducible, and comparable to a reference laboratory.Key-Words / Index Term
NPLA; classical swine fever; neutralizing antibodies, consistency, homologationReferences
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Elaine Santana-Rodríguez, Mary Karla Méndez-Orta, Talía. Sardina-González, María Pilar Rodríguez-Moltó, Sara Castell- Brizuela, Yusmel Sordo-Puga, Danny Pérez-Pérez, Alianne Fundora-Llera, Aymé Oliva-Cárdenas, Milagros Vargas-Hernández, Carlos A. Duarte, María Teresa Frías-Lepoureaux, Marisela Suárez-Pedroso, "Consistency of the Neutralizing Peroxidase Linked Assay for Classical Swine Fever and Homologation with an OIE Reference Laboratory," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.30-34, 2022 -
Open Access Article
R.E. Nnam, V.C. Onyemachi, N.U. Okoro, I.S.E. Nwaorgu
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp.35-43, Apr-2022
Abstract
This research evaluated the anti-microbial inhibitory potency of oven-dried neem seed oil expressed mechanically for use as agricultural pest controller. The neem seed was evaluated for its moisture content and eco system friendliness. The moisture of the seed when evaluated is 9.07% which shows that high level bio-active compounds will be extracted when the oil is expressed. The ash content value is 0.133%. This shows that the neem seed oil has a negligible negative impact on the environment. The value of the oil yield mechanically expressed from neem seed oil in the research is 38.9%. The neem oil was expressed from the neem seed mechanically using a hydraulic press. The oil obtained was formulated into four concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Each concentration was tested on four fungi species and four bacteria species. The fungi evaluated were A. flavus, A. niger, P. notaium and Rhizopus nigricans while the bacteria evaluated included Escherichia coli, B. subtilis, R. meliloti and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From the mean results, the mean growth for both fungi and bacteria reduced as concentration increased. It was observed that A. flavus was completely inhibited as the percentage inhibition was 100% at 100% concentration of the neem seed oil. A. niger, P. notatium and Rhizopus nigricans recorded 96.06% 90.35% and 90.50%, respectively for 100% concentration. On the aspect of bacteria, complete inhibition was recorded for Bascillus subtilus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while E. coli and R. meliloti recorded 96.27% and 97.28%, respectively at 100% concentration.Key-Words / Index Term
Neem extract, Mechanical extraction, Percentage yield, Ash content, Microbial activities, Pest control, Food systemReferences
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[65] F. Rashid, f. Naaz, M. Z. Abdin, S. Zafar, S. Javad “Efect of Oil and Aqueous Extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Seed on Growth of Aspergillus Species and Biosynthesis of Aflatoxin” Oriental Pharmacy and Experiment Medicine” 5(4), 308-315, 2005.
[66] Yerima, M. B., S.M. Jodi, K. Oyinbo, H.M. Maishanu, A.A. Farouq, A.U. Unaidu, M.N. Al-Mustapha and A.L. Shinkafi. Effect of Neem Extracts (Azadirachta indica) on Bacteria Isolated from Adult Mouth. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science (March, 2012), 20(1): 64-67; 2012
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R.E. Nnam, V.C. Onyemachi, N.U. Okoro, I.S.E. Nwaorgu, "Microbial Inhibitory Potency of Oven-Dried Mechanically Extracted Neem Seed Oil for Ecofriendly Pest Control in Food System," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.35-43, 2022 -
Open Access Article
Mohammad Misbahul Ahsan
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp.44-47, Apr-2022
Abstract
Ants are highly intelligent, social and ecologically important insects. They are known for their valuable contributions in ecosystems and found in all possible habitats. The present study deals with the checklist of ant species in and around Achalpur, Amravati district, Maharashtra, India. This work was carried out from June 2021 to December 2021 for total six months. Ants were sampled randomly by using different collection methods like all-out search method, hand collection method and species were identified with the help of standard taxonomic literature. During this study a total 09 species of ants were recorded under 07 genera belonging to 03 subfamilies. Myrmicinae (five species) was found to be a most abundant subfamily in terms of species followed by Formicinae (three species) and Dolichoderinae (one species).Key-Words / Index Term
Ants, Myrmicinae, Species, Achalpur, SubfamilyReferences
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Mohammad Misbahul Ahsan, "Partial checklist of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in selected localities in and around Achalpur, District Amravati, Maharashtra, India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.44-47, 2022 -
Open Access Article
R.M. Othman, M.Y. Galiya, Z.A. Almajid
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp.48-52, Apr-2022
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the age, the growth rate and the length – weight relationship of Horse Mackerel (T.trachurus). Around 401 individuals of this species were collected and analyzed from two sites of the Syrian Coast: with 198 individuals from the Ras Albasit and 203 individuals from the Burj Islam. The standard lengths of individuals in samples were 11.4-25.4 cm with average of 17.71± 2.76 cm, and weights were 23.53 - 301.03g with average of 111.23±36.52g. Age was estimated by the scales, applied length-weight relationship: and used Von-Bertalanffy growth equation : to estimate (L , K). Age ranged from (1- 4) years. In Ras Albasit: The length – weight relationship was estimated for female: b = 2.87(N=104), R2 = 0.87, and for male: b = 2.79 (N = 94), R2 = 0.93. The whole sample: b = 2.78(N=198) , R2 = 0.89 indicating that allometric growth and relationship are strong positive. In Burj Islam: The length – weight relationship was estimated for female: b=2.88(N=109), R2 =0.84, and for male: b = 2. 94 (N=94), R2 = 0.95. The whole sample: b = 2.90(N=198), R2 = 0.89 indicating that allometric growth and relationship are strong positive. Growth parameters for female: L = 35.51 cm, K=0.18; for male: L = 34.58 cm, K= 0.18. The whole sample: L = 34.88 cm, K = 0.17 were calculated In Ras Albasit and in addition in Burj Islam L = 32.46 cm, K = 0.18; Male : L = 33.05 cm , K= 0.18; whole sample: L = 33.57 cm, K = 0.17.Key-Words / Index Term
Trachurus trachurus, Age, Growth, Length – weight, Syrian marine watersReferences
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R.M. Othman, M.Y. Galiya, Z.A. Almajid, "Studying of Some Biological Characteristics of Horse Mackerel Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Syrian Waters (Eastern Mediterranean)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.48-52, 2022 -
Open Access Article
Abdullahi Muhammad Tilli, Mubarak Aminu, Jibrin Naka Keta, Abdulrahman Sani Kalgo, Malik Aminu Imonikhe, Adepoju Oluwaseun Ayobami, Attahiru Muhammad Shagamu
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp.53-57, Apr-2022
Abstract
The physiochemical parameters are factors that determine the biodiversity of microalgae and water quality. This study aimed to determine the diversity of microalgae and monthly variations of some physicochemical parameters in Dukku river using standard methods for the period of six months. A total of seven (7) species were identified viz; Cyclotella sp, Navicula sp, Skeletoma sp, Chlamadomonas sp, Spirogyra sp, Tribonema sp and Proprocentrum sp belongs to four phylum Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Chrysophyceae and Phyrrophyceae. Bacillariophyceae were relatively abundant as compared to all other groups with 3 species that accounted for 82.5% of phytoplankton followed by Chlorophyceae 2(14.43%) species, Chrysophyceae (2.43%) and Phyrrophyceae (0.61%) with 1 species each. Based on physical parameters analyzed, temperature in the month of April had reached 32.66±0.57 highest, depth 46.66±15.27 in May and turbidity 26.50±1.80 February. Among all these parameters May and June had the least values on turbidity 6.00±0.00 each. The change in the weather, anthropogenic and usage of fertilizer, insecticides and pesticides application within the water body by famers could have caused the slight variations in physicochemical parameters as well as distribution of microalgae. Therefore, government should enforce law on way forward to handle aquatic environment and mindful not to overuse chemicals near the water body for irrigation or farming by farmers as this may lead to eutrophication.Key-Words / Index Term
Microalgae, Diversity, Physicochemical parameters and Dukku riverReferences
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Abdullahi Muhammad Tilli, Mubarak Aminu, Jibrin Naka Keta, Abdulrahman Sani Kalgo, Malik Aminu Imonikhe, Adepoju Oluwaseun Ayobami, Attahiru Muhammad Shagamu, "Physicochemical Properties and Diversity of Microalgae in Dukku River, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.53-57, 2022 -
Open Access Article
Binu Thomas, Hima A., Hariprasad N., Mariya Jose
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp.58-66, Apr-2022
Abstract
The present study documented that, total of 33 plant species belonging to 18 families and 29 genera were pollinated by various kinds of butterflies (41 butterfly species belongs to 27 genera and 5 families) Among the documented plant familiesAsteraceae is the dominant one with 10 species, followed by Fabaceae with 4 species and Boraginaceae and Verbenaceae with 2 species respectively. The plants which are documented from the study are divided in to two categories such as plants are pollinated by various butterflies (33 species) as well as plants are preferred by different butterflies for their ovi posting and larval development (63 species). The flower colour analysis reveals that maximum number of butterflies which are visited yellow colour (10 species) followed by white colour (8 species), orange colour (7 species), red colour (6 species), violet (3 species), yellowish-orange (2 species), purple (2 species). Cream, rose and blue colour visited by single butterfly species respectively. Present study also concluded that, the plant-insect interaction is an essential factor for pollination process and better yield in both wild as well as crop plants. Hence an adequate care should be taken to conserve both flora and fauna of our surroundings for future generation.Key-Words / Index Term
Butterfly-plant interaction, Pollinators, Ovi posting, ConservationReferences
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Binu Thomas, Hima A., Hariprasad N., Mariya Jose, "Butterfly-Plant Diversity in Malappuram District Of Kerala, India: A Way of Plant – Pollinator Communications," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.58-66, 2022
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