Volume-5 , Issue-8 , Aug 2019, ISSN 2454-9312 (Online), 2454-6143 (Print) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Development of S Curve for Mini-Watershed of Raichur City Karnataka

  Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.8 , pp.1-11, Aug-2019

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  Abstract
  Unit Hydrograph (UH) is the most famous and generally utilized technique for analysing and deriving flood hydrograph resulting from a known storm in a basin area. For ungauged catchments, unit hydrograph are derived using either regional unit hydrograph approach. Central Water Commission (CWC) derived the regional unit hydrograph relationships for different sub-zones of India relating to the various unit hydrograph parameters with some prominent physiographic characteristics. The Study Area is located between Latitude 15º57′58′′ N to 16º11′25.6′′ N and 77º18′1′′ E to77º32′5.3′′ E Longitude and covers area of 360.97 km2, having maximum length of 26.17 km. The maximum and minimum elevation of the basin is 533 m and 323 m above MSL, respectively. The Peak discharge of unit hydrograph obtained is 311.469 m3/s. The final cumulative discharge is 1458.55 m3/s.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Unit hydrograph, Flood hydrograph, Slope, Synthetic Parameter CWC

  References
  [1]. Jayaram Reddy P (2004). “A text book of Hydrology”, 2nd Edition, Laxmi publication pvt limited, New Delhi, 530 Bernard, M. M., (1932), “Formulas for rainfall intensities of long durations”. Trans. ASCE 6:592 - 624.
  [2]. CWC (1986). Flood estimation report for Kaveri basin subzone 3(i). Directorate of Hydrology (small Catchments), Central Water Commission, New Delhi
  [3]. Iowa Storm water Management manual version 2, 2C-7 Runoff Hydrograph Determination, December 5, 2008.
  [4]. Clark, C.O. (1945). “Storage and the Unit hydrograph”. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers 110:1491-46.
  [5]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla “Generation Of Intensity Duration Frequency Curves For Different Return Period Using Short Duration Rainfall For Manvi Taluk Raichur District Karnataka”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Management Studies (IRJEMS), Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | April -2019.
  [6]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, and M Inayathulla. "Generation of Short Duration Isohyetal Maps For Raichur District Karnataka" International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 5 Issue 2 2019 Page 3234-3242
  [7]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, and M Inayathulla. " Derivation Of Intensity Duration Frequency Curves Using Short Duration Rainfall For Yermarus Raingauge Station Raichur District Karnataka" International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology Volume 6 Issue 2 July 2019 Page 1-7
  [8]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, Chalapathi K and M Inayathulla. " Geomorphological Analysis of Two Mini-Watersheds in Raichur City Karnataka" International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume 6 Issue 6 June 2019 Page 2896-2901
  [9]. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur (2010), “The Science of Surface and Ground Water”, module 2 Version 2 CE IIT- Lesson 3 Rainfall Runoff relationship.
  

  Citation
  Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla, "Development of S Curve for Mini-Watershed of Raichur City Karnataka," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.8, pp.1-11, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Formulation and Evaluation of Bioadhesive Buccal Tablets of Esomeprazole

  Zeenath Ruhy

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.8 , pp.12-20, Aug-2019

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  Abstract
  Esomeprazole is an anti ulcerative agent (proton pump inhibitor) which is used in treating gastro esophageal reflux disease. The main objective of the study was to formulate and evaluate bioadhesive buccal tablets to overcome the degradation in the acidic media of gastrointestinal tract, and to avoid the first pass metabolism in liver. Bioadhesive buccal tablets were prepared by direct compression method using bioadhesive polymers like Xanthane gum, Chitosan, guar gum and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose LV- 15 in different ratios. The physicochemical compatibility of drug and polymers was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. Prepared tablets were evaluated for permeation study through porcine buccal mucosa, in vitro drug release, bioadhesion strength, swelling index, moisture absorbance, surface pH, ex vivo residence time. Among the prepared formulation containing guar gum (Fc2) was found to be optimized formulation which showed the higher flux 2.471 mg hr-1cm-2 than the pure drug solution (0.496 mghr-1cm-2), and bioadhesive strength of 2.68±0.03 N and 0.95±0.08 mJ. In vitro percentage drug release of optimized formulation was 98.32%±0.23 at the end of 6 hours. The Fc2 values of percentage drug release put in kinetic data, it followed Higuchi model (R2 is 0.982).

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Bioadhesive buccal tablet, Chitosan, Esomeprazole, Guar gum, Xanthane gum

  References
  [1] Chien YW, “Novel drug delivery systems”. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 2nd ed; Volume 50: pp.139, 1992.
  [2] Shiledar RR, Tagalpallewar AA, Kokare CR. “Formulation and in vitro evaluation of xanthane gum-based bilayered mucoadhesive buccal patches of zolmitriptan”. Carbohydrate polymers, Volume 30, issue.101, pp.1234-42, 2014.
  [3] Matsyagiri. L, Jyothi. G, Mahipal Reddy. D, Narayana. M, Shravya. K, Sindhuja. S, Swarnalatha. D, Gowri Shankar. NL, “Design and in vitro Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Buccal Tablets of Chlorpheniramine Maleate”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Letters, Volume 2, issue.4, pp.102-109, 2012.
  [4] Gowtham. N, Subhashis Debnath, Niranjan Babu. M, “Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive bilayer buccal tablets of amphotericin B hydrocarbon”, International Journal of Novel Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 5, issue.4, pp.107-113, 2015.
  [5] Kumar K, Velmurugan S. “Formulation and in vitro evaluation of glipizide mucoadhesive buccal tablets”, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological Sciences, volume 4, issue.2, pp.594- 607, 2013.
  [6] Kianfar F, Antonijevic M, Chowdhry B, Boateng JS. “Lyophilized wafers comprising carrageenan and pluronic acid for buccal drug delivery using model soluble and insoluble drugs”. Colloids and surfaces B: Biointerfaces, volume 103, issue.1, pp.99-106, 2013.
  [7] Sachin, Darekar. S, Khadabadi.SS, Shahi. SR, “Formulation and evaluation of bilayer buccal tablet of sumatriptan succinate”, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, volume 6, issue.6, pp.469-475, 2014.
  [8] Matsyagiri. L, Jagadeesh. P, Mounika. B, Srinivas. V, Theja. V, Madhiha Jabeen and Dr. K.Hemamalini, “Effect of solvents on Spectrophotometric Estimation of Tinidazole in bulk and dosage forms”, World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Volume7, issue.9, pp.1742-1754,2018.
  [9] Leon Lachman and Joseph B Schwartz, “Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablets”. Marcel Dekker, Philadelphia. 1, pp.171-194, 2005.
  [10] Ansel H, Nicholas G. “Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems”. 9th edition Lippincott Williams and Wilkins: 1, pp.225-37, 2010.
  [11] Arun Raj R, Anjana Ashok, Josna PB, Reshma RR. “Design and evaluation of mucoadhesive bilayer tablets of Salbutamol sulphate”. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, volume 5, issue.5, pp.365-368, 2014.
  [12] Ismail, B., Dr.Patel, MS., Dr Patel, KR., Dr. Patel,N. M., “Buccal Bioadhesive Drug Delivery System”. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences. volume 2, issue.1, pp.49-58, 2013.
  [13] Nishan Bobade, N., Sandeep, C., Vikrant, P.W., Dr. Pande, S.D., Dr. Tapar, K.K., “A Review on Buccal Drug Delivery System”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. Volume.3, issue.1, pp. 35-40, 2013.
  

  Citation
  Zeenath Ruhy, "Formulation and Evaluation of Bioadhesive Buccal Tablets of Esomeprazole," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.8, pp.12-20, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Catharanthus Roseus Leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial Activity

  S. Nazarath Begum, A. Esakkiraja, S. Mohamed Asan, M. Muthumari, G. Vembu Raj

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.8 , pp.21-27, Aug-2019

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  Abstract
  The investigation aims the synthesis of copper oxide nano particles using Catharanthus Roseus leaf extract at room temperature. This method is completely a green method, free from toxic and harmful solvent. The copper oxide nano particles were synthesized by mixing copper sulphate dehydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) and Catharanthus Roseus leaf extract. The bio synthesized copper oxide nano-particles were characterized by XRD, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-vis spectroscopy. Further, the synthesized copper oxide nano particles were tested for antibacterial activity by stand art disc diffusion method. The nano particles were found to have antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strains Escherichia coli by the observation of inhibition zones around each well.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Green synthesis; CuO nano particles; XRD; FTIR; UV

  References
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  [2] S.Ashokkumar, S.Ravi, V.Kathiravan, S. Velmurugan, Synthesis of silver nanoparticlesusing A.indium leaf extract and their antibacterial activity. Spectrochimica Acta Part A:Molecular and Biomolecular Spectros-copy.vol.134,pp. 34-39, 2015.
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  [6] , T. Premkumar, K.E. Geckeler, Nanosized CuO particles via a supra molecular strategy.Small. vol.2,No .5, pp.616–620, 2006.
  [7] G.Ren, D.Hu, E.W.Cheng, M.A .Vargas-Reus, P. Reip, R.P Allaker, Characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications. Int J Antimicrob Agents. vol.33, No.6, pp.587–590, 2009.
  [8] C.T.Hsieh, J.M. Chen, H.H.Lin, H.C.Shih, Synthesis of well-ordered CuO nanofibers by a self-catalytic growth mecha-nism.Appl Phys Lett. vol.82, No.19, pp.3316–3318, 2003.
  [9] X.Zhang, G. Wang, X.Liu, J. Wu, M. Li, J. Gu, H. Liu, B.Fang, Different CuO nanostructures: synthesis, characterization, and applications for glucose sensors. J Phys Chem CNanomater Interfaces. vol.112, No.43, pp.16845–16849, 2008.
  [10] H.Raja Naika, K. Lingaraju, K.Manjunath, D. Kumar, G. Nagaraju, D. Suresh, H.Nagabhushana, Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles,using Gloriosa superba L. Extract andtheir antibacterial activity. Journal of Taibah University for Science. vol.9, pp.7-12, 2015.
  [11] G. Borkow, R.C. Zatcoff, J.Gabbay, Reducing the risk of skin pathologies in diabetics by using copper impregnated socks. Med.Hypotheses vol.73, pp. 883-886, 2009.
  [12] V. Vellora, T.Padil and M. Cerník, Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using gum karaya as a biotemplate and their antibacterial application. Int J Nanomedicine. vol. 8, pp.889–898, 2013.
  [13] J. Huang, Q. Li, D. Sun, Y. Lu, Y. Su, X. Yang, H. Wang, Y. Wang, W.Shao, N.He, Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by novel sundried Cinnamomum camphora leaf. Nanotechnology. vol.18, No .10, pp.105104-105115, 2007.
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  [15] A. Rahman, I A. smail, D. Jumbianti, S. Magdalena, H. Sudrajat, Synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles by using Phormidium cyanobacterium.Indo. J. Chem. vol.9, pp.355-360, 2009.
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  [18] R. Sankar, P.Manikandan, V. Malarizhi, T.Fathima, K.S. Shivashangari, V. Ravikumar, Green synthesis of colloidal copper oxide nanoparticles using Carcia papaya and its application in photocatalytic dye degradation. Spectrochimica Acta A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. vol. 121, pp.746-750, 2014.
  [19] S. Gunalan, R. Sivaraj, V R.enckatesh, Aloe barbadensis Miller mediated green synthesis of mono-disperse copper oxide nanoparticles:Optical properties. Spectrochimica Acta A:Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. vol.97,pp.1140-1144, 2012
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  [21] A.M. Awwad, B.A. Albiss, N.M .Salem, Antibacterial Activity of synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles using Malva sylvestris Leaf Extract. SMU Medical Journal, vol.2, No.1, pp. 91-101, 2015.
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  [24] Y. Suresh, S.Annapurna, A.K. Singh and G.Bhikshamaiah ,Green Synthesis and Characterization of TeaDecoction Stabilized Copper Nanoparticles. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology; vol.3, No .4, pp. 11265-11270, 2014.
  [25] A.Tadjarodi and R.Reza , A green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles by mechano chemical method. Current Chemistry Letters; vol.3, pp. 215–220, 2014.
  [26] S. Rehman, A .Mumtaz S.K.Hasanain, Size effects on the Magnetic and Optical properties of CuO nanoparticles”, J. Nanopart. Res. vol.13 ,pp.2497, 2011.
  

  Citation
  S. Nazarath Begum, A. Esakkiraja, S. Mohamed Asan, M. Muthumari, G. Vembu Raj, "Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Catharanthus Roseus Leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial Activity," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.8, pp.21-27, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Experimental Investigation on Steel Fibers in the Concrete

  Shrikant M. Harle

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.8 , pp.28-35, Aug-2019

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  Abstract
  Cement concrete is the most extensively used construction material in the world. The reason for its extensive use is that it provides good workability and can be moulded to any shape. Ordinary cement concrete possesses a very low tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking. Internal micro cracks, leading to brittle failure of concrete It is now established that one of the important properties of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) is its superior resistance to cracking and crack propagation. In this work effect of fibers on the strength of concrete for M 20 grade have been studied by varying the percentage of fibers in concrete. Fiber content were varied by 0.50%, 1%, and 2% by volume of cement. The optimum fiber content while studying the compressive strength of cube is found to be 1% and also 1% for flexural strength of the beam. Also, it has been observed that with the increase in fiber content up to the optimum value increases the strength of concrete. Slump cone test was adopted to measure the workability of concrete. The Slump cone test results revealed that workability gets reduced with the increase in fiber content.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  steel fibers, compressive strength, slump test, cost comparison and flexural strength

  References
  [1] FS Rotasy “ Compressive strength and high deformation of steel fiber reinforced concrete under high rate of strain.” The international journal of cement composition ,volume 7 number 1,February 1985.
  [2] Clifford A.O. Okeh “Behaviour of hybrid steel fiber reinforced self compacting concrete using innovative hooked-end steel fibers under tensile stress.” Construction and Building Materials, Construction and Building Materials 202 (2019) 753–761.
  [3] Vikrant S. Vairagade, Kavita S. Kene “ Introduction to Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete on Engineering Performance of Concrete.” International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research Volume 1, Issue 4, May 2012.
  [4] Milind V. Mohod “Performance of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete.” International Journal of Engineering and Science 2278-4721, Vol. 1, Issue 12 (December 2012).
  [5] Aniket Bhosale “A study on the efficiency of steel vs. synthetic vs. hybrid fibers on fracture behavior of concrete in flexure using acoustic emission.” Construction and Building Materials, Construction and Building Materials 199 (2019) 256–268.
  [6] Hamid Behbahani “Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete: A Review” ICSECM 2011, Ðandy-SriLanka.
  [7] Patil Shweta1, Rupali Kavilkar “ Study of Flexural Strength in Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete” International Journal of Recent Development in Engineering and Technology (ISSN 2347 - 6435 (Online) Volume 2, Issue 5, May 2014).
  [8] Seong-Cheol Lee “Compressive Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete with End-Hooked Steel Fibers” ISSN 1996-1944, 27 March 2015.
  [9] B.R. Phanikumar “Effect of pond ash and steel fibre on engineering properties of concrete” Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12 March 2015.
  [10] G.A. Pikus “Steel Fiber Concrete Mixture Workability” International Conference on Industrial Engineering, ICIE 2016, Procedia Engineering 150 ( 2016 ) 2119 – 2123.
  [11] Wasim Abbass “Evaluation of mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete with different strengths of concrete” Construction and Building Materials, 21 February 2018.
  [12] Mazen Musmar “Tensile Strength of Steel Fiber” Contemporary Engineering Sciences, Vol. 6, 2013, no. 5, 225 – 237.
  [13] M. Leone, G.Centonze, D. Colonna, F.Micelli, M.A.Aiello “Fibre-reinforced concerte with low content of recycled steel fibre: Shear behavior” Deparment of Innovation Engineering of Salento, via Monteroni,73100 Lecce, Italy ,12 November 2017.
  [14] Ahmed Tareq Noaman , B.H. Abu Bakar ,Hazzian Md.Akil “Experimental investigation on compression toughness of rubberized steel fibre concrete “ Construction and building Materials 115 (2016) 163-170 ,5 April 2016.
  [15] Ozkan Sengul, “Mechanical properties of slurry infiltrated fiber concrete produce with waste steel fibers” Civil Engineering Faculty , Istanbul Technical University ,34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, 9 August 2018.
  [16] Clifford A.O. Okeh , David W. Begg, Stephanie, Barnett, Nikosb Nanos, “Behaviour of hybrid steel fibre reinforced Self Compacting concrete using innovative hooked-end steel fibers under tensile stress” University of Portsmouth, School of Civil Engineering and surveying, Portland building , Portsmouth P01 3AH,UK, 12 December 2018.
  [17] Wasim Abbas, M. Iqbal Khan, Shehab Mourad “Evalution of mechanical properties of steel fibers reinforced concrete with different strength of concrete” Constuction and Building Materials 168 (2018)556-569, 21 February 2018.
  [18] Rotana Hay and Claudia P. Ostertag, “Influence of transverse cracks and interfacial damage on corrosion of steel in concrete with and without fiber hybridization” Department Of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, USA, 10 March 2019.
  

  Citation
  Shrikant M. Harle, "Experimental Investigation on Steel Fibers in the Concrete," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.8, pp.28-35, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Experimental Investigation on the use of Pond Ash in the Concrete

  Shrikant M. Harle

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.8 , pp.36-44, Aug-2019

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  Abstract
  The fly Ash generation in Indian thermal power stations is liable to shoot up to 365 Million tons. In India, about 200 million sq.m of land area is covered up with million tonnes of pond ash deposits. Although industry has claimed that fly ash is "neither toxic nor poisonous," this is disputed. To minimize the impact of such waste materials on environment proper management is required. Utilization of the waste materials in different purposes is an effective way of management. The utilization of the pond ash is studied as a construction material. Aim is to find out an effective way to use the pond ash as construction material so as to reduce the impact of the hazardous pond ash on environment and human health. Also finding the ways to efficiently use the pond ash waste in order to preserve our precious resources and reduce or eliminate the need for disposal of industrial waste in landfills. The use of pond ash in concrete and its properties such as compressive strength, particle size distribution, and cementitious nature of a pond ash is studied. The utilization of pond ash in different construction material effectively such that the strength and quality of construction increases but the cost of the construction decreases is studied.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Pond ash, compressive strength, concrete, admixture and fine aggregate

  References
  [1] Aditya Verma, Abhishek Kumar, Ashish Mishra, Arjit Verma, “Utilization Of Pond Ash as Partial Replacement Of Cement Concrete Mix” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Vol. 3, Issue 3 Mar-2016.
  [2] G. Sudheer Kumar, T S D Aishwarya, E. Anusha Assistant Professor, Jntu-k , “Studies On Strength Characteristics Of Pond Ash Replaced By Fine Aggregate In Pavement Quality Concrete”, VFSTR Journal of STEM, Vol. 03, No 01, JUN 2017.
  [3] U.Bayarzul, J.Temuujin, A. Minjigma, A. Bekhbaatar, B. Battsetseg, J. Mapiravana, M. Dlamini, “Comparative study of morphology of various fly ashes and pond ashes from different thermal power station in mangolia”, Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Vol. 54 No 04,2014
  [4] J. Temuujina, A. Minjigmaa, U. Bayarzula, D. S. Kimb, S-Ho Leeb, H. J. Leeb, C. H. Ruescherc, K.J.D.mackenzied, “Properties of geopolymer binders prepared from milled pond ash”, Materiales de construcción, Vol. 67, Issue 328,Dec 2017
  [5] Deepak Gupta, Arvind Kumar, “ Performance evaluation of cement-stabilized pond ash-rice husk ash clay mixture as a highway construction material”, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 9, issue 1, Dec 2016
  [6] B.R. Phanikumar, A. Sofi , “Effect of pond ash and steel fibre on engineering properties of concrete”, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 7, issue 1,Mar 2016
  [7] Sarat K. Das, Mahasakti Mahamaya, Ipshita Panda, Kajal Swain, “Stabilization of pond ash using bipolymer”, Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, vol. 11, issue 20,Jul 2015
  [8] A. Minjigmaa, Ts. Zolzaya, E. Bayanjargal, B. Davaabal, J. Temuujin, “Characterization of ash pond ashes from 3rd thermal power plant by SEM/EDX and XRD methods ”, Mongolian Journal of Chemistry , vol. 14, issue 40, Dec 2013
  [9] Arumugamk , ilangovanr , James Manohar, “A study on characterization and use of Pond Ash as fine aggregate in Concrete”,International Journal Of Civil And Structural Engineering, Vol. 2, issue 2,Nov 2011
  [10] Prof. P. P. Bhangale, Prof. P. M. Nemade, “Study of Pond ASH (BTPS) Use as A Fine Aggregate in Cement Concrete - Case Stud”, International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJLTET), Vol. 2 Issue 2, March 2013
  [11] Sreelakshmi R, Reshmi P R, “Durability Performance of Concrete Replaced with Pond ash as Fine Aggregate”, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), vol. 6, issue 4, Jun 2013
  [12] Prasenjit Ghosh and Sudha Goel, “Physical and Chemical Characterization of Pond Ash”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Development, Volume 4, Number 2,2014
  [13] Rabi Narayan Behera Abhishek Kumar Chittaranjan Patra, “Geotechnical and Geoenviornmental Characterization of TTPS Pond Ash and Its Utilization”, Indian Geotechnical Conference, vol:14, issue16, Dec 2017
  [14] Shashi Sharma, Er. Ritu, “Characterization and Use of Pond Ash in Concrete as Replacement of Sand: A Review”, International Journal of Technical Research, Vol. 4, Issue 3, Nov-Dec 2015
  [15] Milind P. Bhamare, Yogesh N. Bafna, Arun K. Dwivedi, “Engineering Properties of Cement Containing Pond Ash”, IOSR Journal of Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue 10, Dec 2012
  [16] Raju Sarkar, A. R. Dawson, “Economic Assessment of Use of Pond Ash in Pavements”, International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 18, issue 7,2017
  [17] Gaurav Kantibhai Patel, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, “Pond Ash and Foundry Sand: Opportunities for Development of Eco-Friendly High Strength Concrete”, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 9 Number 6, 2014
  [18] Arumugamk , ilangovanr , James Manohar D ,“A study oncharacterizationand Use of Pond Ash as fine aggregate in Concrete”,International Journalof Civil and Structural Engineerisng, Volume 2, No2, 2011.
  

  Citation
  Shrikant M. Harle, "Experimental Investigation on the use of Pond Ash in the Concrete," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.8, pp.36-44, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Treatment of Domestic Wastewaters Using Activated Sludge Process - A Case Study

  T.R. Dakshayani, Shilpa M. Swaraj, N Vetrivel

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.8 , pp.45-48, Aug-2019

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  Abstract
  Wastewater is the by-product of municipal, agricultural and industrial activities. Removal of organic matter is essential to treat the water and meet the acceptable quality standards in order to prevent from water pollution. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research work on study of effectiveness of Activated Sludge Process (ASP) at laboratory scale basis to remove the organic matters. ASP is the biological aerobic wastewater treatment that uses microorganisms to biologically oxidize the organic pollutants. This method uses naturally occurring bacteria and protozoa, thus it is eco- friendly as well as economical. From the experimental observation, it was found that about 52% of the BOD has been reduced through secondary treatment process, chlorides content reduced about 70%, acidity of water is reduced to 12 mg/L and DO of water is 12. The treated water can be discharged into stream or used in construction activities. Based on the performance of ASP in treating domestic effluent, this can be found as cost effective, effectiveness, good quality in effluent treatment, efficient removal of BOD and COD.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Activated Sludge Process, Eco-friendly, Aerobic Treatment, Organic Matter, Microorganism

  References
  [1] NEERI, “Manual on water and wastewater analysis”, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India, pp. 126-129, 1988.
  [2] S. K. Garg, “Environmental Engineering”, Khanna publisher, India, Vol.1, 1979.
  [3] Sangeeta Sunar, “Variations in water quality characteristics of Serlui river as impacted by Serlui-B hydel project in Kolasib district, Mizoram”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, India, pp.39-47, 2001.
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  Citation
  T.R. Dakshayani, Shilpa M. Swaraj, N Vetrivel, "Treatment of Domestic Wastewaters Using Activated Sludge Process - A Case Study," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.8, pp.45-48, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  A New Technique Developed for production planning using parabolic demand by Laplace Transform

  Namrata Tripathi

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.8 , pp.49-55, Aug-2019

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  Abstract
  The objective of the present research paper is to apply parabolic demand to find an optimal solution for a production Inventory model with respect to deteriorating items using Laplace transform. In this study, the model has been framed to study material cost contributes 50 percent productions cost of an organization (i.e Industry). As a raw material, finished good and semi-finished good cost using production is associated with proper production planning and control of inventory. The inventories are related to raw material, work in progress, spares, equipment, and finished goods. Therefore managing a large amount of inventory is a very difficult task for the firms. Proper recording, dispatching, and ordering of these inventories are one of the important decision of a firm. Hence effective inventory control can substantially contribute to a firm’s profit. The objective of this research paper is to develop a mathematical model for deteriorating items such as e.g vegetables, milk, meat, radioactive materials, volatile liquids, etc with parabolic demand by Laplace transform to determine the optimal solution for proper management of inventory to reduce cost and maximize profit. The optimal solution is derived and an illustrative example is provided and numerically verified.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Inventory, Deteriorating, Parabolic Demand, Laplace transform and Cycle time

  References
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  [6] Pahl, Julia, and Stefan Voß., “Integrating deterioration and lifetime constraints in production and supply chain planning: A survey”, European Journal of Operational Research, 238(3), pp.654-674, (2014).
  [7] Rastogi, Manoj Kumar, “Production and operation management”, Laxmi Publications, Ltd., 2010.
  [8] Sarkar, T., S. K. Ghosh, and K. S. Chaudhuri, “An optimal inventory replenishment policy for a deteriorating item with time-quadratic demand and time-dependent partial backlogging with shortages in all cycles”, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 21(18), pp.9147-9155, (2012).
  [9] Sazvar, Zeinab, Armand Baboli, and Mohammad Reza AkbariJokar, “A replenishment policy for perishable products with non-linear holding cost under stochastic supply lead time”, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 64(5),pp.1087-1098, (2013).
  [10] Shah, Nita H., and Arpan D. Shah, “Optimal cycle time and preservation technology investment for deteriorating items with price-sensitive stock-dependent demand under inflation”, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, (1), pp.495 2014.
  [11] Singh, S., Rakesh Dude, and R. Singh, “Production model with Selling Price dependent demand and Partial Backlogging under inflation”, International Journal of Mathematical Modelling& Computations, 1(1), pp. 1-7 (2011).
  [12] Widyadana, GedeAgus, and Hui Ming Wee., “An economic production quantity model for deteriorating items with preventive maintenance policy and random machine breakdown”, International Journal of Systems Science, 43(10), pp.1870-1882, (2012).
  [13] Yadav, Dharmendra, et al., “Manufacturing inventory model for deteriorating items with maximum lifetime under two-level trade credit financing”, International Journal of Computer Applications, 121(15), (2015).
  [14] Yong, Shou-Yang Wang, and Kin Keung Lai., “An optimal production-inventory model for deteriorating items with multiple-market demand”, European Journal of Operational Research, 203(3),pp. 593-600, (2010).
  

  Citation
  Namrata Tripathi, "A New Technique Developed for production planning using parabolic demand by Laplace Transform," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.8, pp.49-55, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Preparation and Characterization of Zinc Oxide(ZnO) Nanoparticles via Co-precipitation Method

  Savithri.M.Nampoothiri, V. Chandran, E.M. Mohammed, R. Francis

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.8 , pp.56-61, Aug-2019

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  Abstract
  In the present work, we synthesized Hexagonal Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles by precipitation method using Zinc nitrate and NaOH as precursors and starch as a stabilizing agent. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns have proved the presence of Zinc oxide nanoparticles. Lattice parameter was derived from XRD data and the particle size of the nanoparticles was calculated by using Sherrer formula. This work aimed at the investigation of the dielectric properties such as dielectric loss and the permittivity of ZnO nanoparticles at various frequencies and temperatures. In addition, the ac conductivity of the Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles was studied.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Zinc Oxide, Nanoparticle, XRD, Dielectric properties, A C Conductivity

  References
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  Citation
  Savithri.M.Nampoothiri, V. Chandran, E.M. Mohammed, R. Francis, "Preparation and Characterization of Zinc Oxide(ZnO) Nanoparticles via Co-precipitation Method," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.8, pp.56-61, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  The Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Exports Earnings in Bangladesh: 1971-2018

  M.S. Islam, M. Sahajalal, A. Alim

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.8 , pp.62-65, Aug-2019

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  Abstract
  The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between export earnings with the macroeconomic factors in Bangladesh for the year of 1971-2018. For achieving paper goals, we have used the exchange rate, inflation rate, interest rate as an independent variable and total export earnings as dependent variables. Data have been collected from different sources like the World Economic indicator, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics and the central bank of Bangladesh (Bangladesh Bank). For analysis of our macroeconomic data, we have used Eviews 9. To finding out an objective of our paper we have been using different types of test. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (Unit root test) used to shows whether our data are stationary or not. ADF result shows that data is stationary. Johansen tested for cointegration the test helps to find out the cointegration between all those variables. We also used ECM, CUSUM test and CUSUM square test. Our analysis shows that there was a positive relationship between export earnings, real exchange rate, inflation rate, and interest rate. Although there is a strong relationship between the variables, CUSUM and CUSUM square test shows that our model is not stable. Our paper suggests that if the real exchange rate, inflation rate, and interest rate go up then also the export earrings go up for the perspective of the Bangladesh economy.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Export earnings, Inflation rate, Exchange rate, Interest rate and Bangladesh Economy

  References
  [1] Rahman, F, “Impact of Selected Macro-Economic Variables on the Export Performance of Bangladesh”, IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF), pp: 21-27, 2017.
  [2] Dey, S, “The Impact of export revenue on Gross domestic product (GDP)”, Asian Business Review, Vol.8, Issue.1, 2018
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  [9] Tebaldi, E, “The determinants of high-technology exports: A panel data analysis”, Atlantic Economic Journal, Vol.39, Issue.4, pp.343-353, 2011.
  

  Citation
  M.S. Islam, M. Sahajalal, A. Alim, "The Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Exports Earnings in Bangladesh: 1971-2018," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.8, pp.62-65, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Influence of Mathematical – Kinetic Models for the Removal of Organics and Nutrients from Municipal Wastewater in Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor

  Anjali Barwal

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.8 , pp.66-76, Aug-2019

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  Abstract
  The moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a recent solution alternative to conventional wastewater treatment process. In this study, quantitative steady state mathematical kinetic models (Monod, modified Stover-Kinacannon and Michaelis Menten) were used which describes the removal of organics and nutrients in MBBR and its consequences for the principal parameters of the process like effluent quality and oxygen consumption. The model incorporates the mechanisms of diffusive mass transport and substrate utilization kinetics. The model solutions included the concentration profiles, the growth of suspended and attached biomasses and the effluent concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (TP). A lab-scale MBBR was set up to verify the three different kinetic model systems. The experimental results of effluent shows a good agreement with model prediction. Data analysis indicates that modified Stover-Kinacannon and Michaelis Menten’s kinetic model can produce the best fit with the experimental results. The correlation between the experimental values of the process variables and the values predicted by the model was found excellent (> 90). The approaches of modeling and experiments presented in this study could be employed for the design of a full-scale MBBR process to remove organic matter and nutrients from wastewaters.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Moving bed biofilm reactor; Kinetics; Organic loading; Removal efficiency; Biofilms; Microbial growth

  References
  [1] J.C. Leyva-Díaz, K. Calderón, F.A. Rodríguez, J. González-López, E. Hontoria, J.M. Poyatos “Comparative kinetic study between moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactor and membrane bioreactor systems and their influence on organic matter and nutrients removal”, Biochemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 77, pp. 28– 40, 2013.
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  Citation
  Anjali Barwal, "Influence of Mathematical – Kinetic Models for the Removal of Organics and Nutrients from Municipal Wastewater in Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.8, pp.66-76, 2019