Volume-10 , Issue-7 , Jul 2024, ISSN 2454-9312 (Online), 2454-6143 (Print) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Analysis of Temporal Variability and Trends of Rainfall and Temperature Over Western Amhara Region, Ethiopia

  Tilahun Sewagegn

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp.96-106, Jul-2024

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  This study examined the temporal trends and variability of rainfall and temperature in seasonal and annual time series over western Amhara, Ethiopia. The 75 weather stations of daily precipitation and the 49 stations of daily maximum and minimum temperature were collected from the Western Amhara Meteorological Service Center from 1989 to 2018. Then, after quality checking, the daily data was arranged in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using statistical analysis software (XLSTAT), Arc GIS 10.3 software, and the R program. The results indicated that western Amhara receives its rainfall mostly in Bega, Belg, and Kiremt and annually receives 100–300 mm, 120–350 mm, 800-1600 mm, and 1100-2000 mm, respectively. The statistics reveal that the maximum and minimum temperatures of the region increased annually by 0.0905°C and 0.0886°C, respectively. Similarly, the rainfall trend slightly increases in the Belg season, Kiremt season, and annually, but not during the Bega season. The rainfall variability was high, with a coefficient of variation (CV = 48.42% and CV = 37.2%) in the Bega and Belg seasons, respectively. However, the rainfall variability was moderate on Kiremt and annually (CV = 29.02% and CV = 27.79%). The results further indicated that the Awi zone has the best rainfall distribution, mostly more than 1600 mm. Some parts of this zone, like Enjibara and Tilili, receive more than 2200 mm of rainfall annually. West Gondar zone received the lowest rainfall amount in the region.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  rainfall, temperature, temporal variation, Mann-Kendall test, western Amhara

  References
  
  [1] F. Fentaw, D. Hailu, and A. Nigussie, “Trend and Variability Analysis of Rainfall & Stream Flow Series at Tekeze River Basin, Ethiopia,” Vol.8, No.11, 2017.
  [2] M. Taye, F. Zewdu, and D. Ayalew, “Characterizing the climate system of Western Amhara, Ethiopia: a GIS approach,” Am. J. Res. Commun., Vol.1, No.10, pp.319–355, 2013.
  [3] R. Bhavani, S. Vordzorgbe, M. Owor, and F. Bousquet, “Status of disaster risk reduction in the sub-Saharan Africa region,” The World Bank, 2008.
  [4] J. Chang et al., “Reservoir operations to mitigate drought effects with a hedging policy triggered by the drought prevention limiting water level,” Water Resour. Res., Vol.55, No.2, pp.904–922, 2019.
  [5] J. R. Jones, J. S. Schwartz, K. N. Ellis, J. M. Hathaway, and C. M. Jawdy, “Temporal variability of precipitation in the Upper Tennessee Valley,” J. Hydrol. Reg. Stud., Vol.3, pp.125–138, 2015.
  [6] H. Mahmood and M. Furqan, “Oil rents and greenhouse gas emissions: spatial analysis of Gulf Cooperation Council countries,” Environ. Dev. Sustain., Vol.23, No.4, pp.6215–6233, 2021.
  [7] IPCC, “Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) releases its next report titled "Climate Change 2021: the Physical Science Basis,” No Title, 2021.
  [8] M. Hulme, R. Doherty, T. Ngara, M. New, and D. Lister, “African climate change: 1900-2100,” Clim. Res., Vol.17, No.2, pp.145–168, 2001.
  [9] T. Schellnhuber, R. Pachauri, and blair, Avoiding dangerous climate change. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
  [10] U. Adhikari, A. P. Nejadhashemi, and S. A. Woznicki, “Climate change and eastern Africa: a review of impact on major crops,” Food Energy Secur., Vol.4, No.2, pp.110–132, 2015, doi: 10.1002/fes3.61.
  [11] Z. Meseret and S. Belay, “Spatial and Temporal Variability in Temperature and Rainfall over Mecha area, Ethiopia,” Vol.5, 2019.
  [12] M. O. Kisaka, M. Mucheru-Muna, F. Ngetich, J. Mugwe, D. Mugendi, and F. Mairura, “Rainfall variability, drought characterization, and efficacy of rainfall data reconstruction: case of Eastern Kenya,” Adv. Meteorol., vol. 2015, 2015.
  [13] C. Michael, “World Wide Fund for Nature Climate Change Scientist,” Gland Switz., 2006.
  [14] G. M. Geremew, S. Mini, and A. Abegaz, “Spatiotemporal variability and trends in rainfall extremes in Enebsie Sar Midir district, northwest Ethiopia,” Model. Earth Syst. Environ., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1177–1187, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s40808-020-00749-2.
  [15] D. Mesfin, B. Simane, A. Belay, J. W. Recha, and U. Schmiedel, “Assessing the adaptive capacity of households to climate change in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia,” Climate, Vol.8, No.10, pp.106, 2020.
  [16] A. Alemayehu, M. Maru, W. Bewket, and M. Assen, “Spatiotemporal variability and trends in rainfall and temperature in Alwero watershed, western Ethiopia,” Environ. Syst. Res., Vol.9, No.1, pp.22, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1186/s40068-020-00184-3.
  [17] W. Bewket, “Rainfall variability and crop production in Ethiopia: Case study in the Amhara region,” in Proceedings of the 16th international conference of Ethiopian studies, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim, Norway, pp.823–836, 2009.
  [18] R. Masika, Gender, development, and climate change. Oxfam, 2002.
  [19] P. Döll, “Impact of climate change and variability on irrigation requirements: a global perspective,” Clim. Change, Vol.54, No.3, pp.269–293, 2002.
  [20] U. Kim and J. J. Kaluarachchi, “Climate change impacts on water resources in the upper blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia 1,” JAWRA J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., Vol.45, No.6, pp.1361–1378, 2009.
  [21] W. Bewket, “Rainfall variability and crop production in Ethiopia: Case study in the Amhara region,” in Proceedings of the 16th international conference of Ethiopian studies, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim, Norway, 2009, pp. 823–836.
  [22] M. Teshome, “Perceived Impact of Climate Change on Crop Yield Trend in Denbia Woreda of Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia,” MOJ Ecol. Environ. Sci., Vol.2, No.7, 2017, doi: 10.15406/mojes.2017.02.00047.
  [23] A. Alemayehu and W. Bewket, “Local spatiotemporal variability and trends in rainfall and temperature in the central highlands of Ethiopia,” Geogr. Ann. Ser. Phys. Geogr., Vol.99, No.2, pp.85–101, 2017.
  [24] W. Bewket, “Rainfall variability and crop production in Ethiopia: Case study in the Amhara region,” in Proceedings of the 16th international conference of Ethiopian studies, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim, Norway, pp.823–836, 2009.
  [25] T. T. Deressa, R. M. Hassan, and C. Ringler, “Perception of and adaptation to climate change by farmers in the Nile basin of Ethiopia,” J. Agric. Sci., Vol.149, No.1, pp.23–31, 2011.
  [26] P. Döll, “Impact of climate change and variability on irrigation requirements: a global perspective,” Clim. Change, Vol.54, No.3, pp.269–293, 2002.
  [27] W. H. Cheung, G. B. Senay, and A. Singh, “Trends and spatial distribution of annual and seasonal rainfall in Ethiopia,” Int. J. Climatol. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., Vol.28, No.13, pp.1723–1734, 2008.
  [28] D. Conway, “Some aspects of climate variability in the north east Ethiopian Highlands-Wollo and Tigray,” Sinet Ethiop. J. Sci., vol. 23, no. 2, pp.139–161, 2000.
  [29] W. Bewket and D. Conway, “A note on the temporal and spatial variability of rainfall in the drought-prone Amhara region of Ethiopia,” Int. J. Climatol., vol. 27, no. 11, pp.1467–1477, 2007, doi: 10.1002/joc.1481.
  [30] G. Kiros, A. Shetty, and L. Nandagiri, “Analysis of variability and trends in rainfall over northern Ethiopia,” Arab. J. Geosci., vol. 9, no. 6, pp.451, 2016, doi: 10.1007/s12517-016-2471-1.
  [31] Y. Seleshi and U. Zanke, “Recent changes in rainfall and rainy days in Ethiopia,” Int. J. Climatol. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., Vol.24, No.8, pp.973–983, 2004.
  [32] M. Osman and P. Sauerborn, “A preliminary assessment of characteristics and long term variability of rainfall in Ethiopia–Basis for sustainable land use and resource management,” Chall. Org. Farming Sustain. Land Use Trop. Subtrop. Dtsch. Tropentag, 2002.
  [33] Y. Seleshi and G. Demaree, “Rainfall variability in the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands and its links with the Southern Oscillation Index,” J. Biogeogr., pp.945–952, 1995.
  [34] M. R. Jury and C. Funk, “Climatic trends over Ethiopia: regional signals and drivers,” Int. J. Climatol., Vol.33, No.8, pp.1924–1935, 2013.
  [35] J. Verdin, C. Funk, G. Senay, and R. Choularton, “Climate science and famine early warning,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., Vol.360, No.1463, pp.2155–2168, 2005.
  [36] D. Mengistu, W. Bewket, and R. Lal, “Recent spatiotemporal temperature and rainfall variability and trends over the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia,” Int. J. Climatol., Vol.34, No.7, pp.2278–2292, 2014, doi: 10.1002/joc.3837.
  [37] A. Alemayehu and W. Bewket, “Local spatiotemporal variability and trends in rainfall and temperature in the central highlands of Ethiopia,” Geogr. Ann. Ser. Phys. Geogr., Vol.99, No.2, pp.85–101, 2017.
  [38] M. A. Degefu and W. Bewket, “Variability and trends in rainfall amount and extreme event indices in the Omo-Ghibe River Basin, Ethiopia,” Reg. Environ. Change, Vol.14, No.2, pp.799–810, 2014, doi: 10.1007/s10113-013-0538-z.
  [39] D. Ayalew, K. Tesfaye, G. Mamo, B. Yitaferu, and W. Bayu, “Variability of rainfall and its current trend in Amhara region, Ethiopia,” Afr. J. Agric. Res., Vol.7, No.10, pp.1475–1486, 2012.
  [40] M. Gedefaw et al., “Innovative Trend Analysis of Annual and Seasonal Rainfall Variability in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia,” Atmosphere, Vol.9, No.9, pp.326, 2018, doi: 10.3390/atmos9090326.
  [41] S. Addisu, Y. G. Selassie, G. Fissha, and B. Gedif, “Time series trend analysis of temperature and rainfall in lake Tana Sub-basin, Ethiopia,” Environ. Syst. Res., Vol.4, No.1, pp.25, 2015, doi: 10.1186/s40068-015-0051-0.
  [42] B. Getachew, “Trend analysis of temperature and rainfall in South Gonder zone, Anhara Ethiopia,” J. Degraded Min. Lands Manag., Vol.5, No.2, pp.1111, 2018.
  [43] S. Rosell and B. Holmer, “Rainfall change and its implications for belg harvest in south wollo, ethiopia,” Geogr. Ann. Ser. Phys. Geogr., Vol.89, No.4, pp.287–299, 2007, doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0459.2007.00327.x.
  [44] M. K. Zegeye, K. T. Bekitie, and D. N. Hailu, “Spatio-temporal variability and trends of hydroclimatic variables at Zarima Sub-Basin North Western Ethiopia,” Environ. Syst. Res., Vol.11, No.1, pp.27, 2022, doi: 10.1186/s40068-022-00273-5.
  [45] M. M. Alemu and G. T. Bawoke, “Analysis of spatial variability and temporal trends of rainfall in Amhara region, Ethiopia,” J. Water Clim. Change, Vol.11, No.4, pp.1505–1520, 2020, doi: 10.2166/wcc.2019.084.
  [46] S. Mesfin, A. A. Adem, A. Mullu, and A. M. Melesse, “Historical Trend Analysis of Rainfall in Amhara National Regional State,” in Nile and Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, A. M. Melesse, W. Abtew, and S. A. Moges, Eds., in Springer Geography. , Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp.475–491, 2021. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-76437-1_25.
  [47] NMSA, “Climatic and agroclimatic resources of Ethiopia,” Natl Meteorol Serv Agency Ethiop. Meteorol Res Rep Ser, Vol.1, No.1, pp.1–137, 1996.
  [48] W. Degefu, “Some aspects of meteorological drought in Ethiopia,” Drought Hunger Afr. Denying Famine Future, pp. 23–36, 1987.
  [49] A. Mesay, “The Onset,” Cessat. Dry Spells Small Rainy Seas. Belg Ethiop. Addis Ababa, 2006.
  [50] C. Funk et al., “Recent drought tendencies in Ethiopia and equatorial-subtropical eastern Africa,” Wash. DC FEWS-NET, 2005.
  [51] C. McSweeney, M. New, and G. Lizcano, “UNDP climate change country profiles: Ethiopia,” Profiles 52 Ctries., 2008.
  [52] T. Gissila, E. Black, D. I. F. Grimes, and J. M. Slingo, “Seasonal forecasting of the Ethiopian summer rains,” Int. J. Climatol., Vol.24, No.11, pp.1345–1358, Sep. 2004, doi: 10.1002/joc.1078.
  [53] T. Haile, “A case study of seasonal forecasting in Ethiopia,” WMO Reg. Assoc. I, pp. 53–76, 1987.
  [54] D. Pedgley, “The red sea convergence zone,” Weather, Vol.21, No.11, pp.394–406, 1966.
  [55] D. Korecha and A. G. Barnston, “Predictability of June–September Rainfall in Ethiopia,” Mon. WEATHER Rev., Vol.135, 2007.
  [56] Z. T. Segele and P. J. Lamb, “Characterization and variability of Kiremt rainy season over Ethiopia,” Meteorol. Atmospheric Phys., Vol.89, No.1–4, pp.153–180, Jun. 2005, doi: 10.1007/s00703-005-0127-x.
  [57] B. Kassahun, “Weather systems over Ethiopia,” in Proc. First Tech. Conf. on Meteorological Research in Eastern and Southern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, UCAR, pp.53–57, 1987.
  [58] A. Belay et al., “Analysis of Climate Variability and Trends in Southern Ethiopia,” Climate, Vol.9, No.6, pp.96, 2021, doi: 10.3390/cli9060096.
  [59] A. E. Harka, N. B. Jilo, and F. Behulu, “Spatial-temporal rainfall trend and variability assessment in the Upper Wabe Shebelle River Basin, Ethiopia: Application of innovative trend analysis method,” J. Hydrol. Reg. Stud., Vol.37, pp.100915, 2021.
  [60] M. G. Kendall, “Rank correlation methods.,” 1975.
  [61] H. B. Mann, “Nonparametric tests against trend,” Econom. J. Econom. Soc., pp.245–259, 1945.
  [62] D. Conway, C. Mould, and W. Bewket, “Over one century of rainfall and temperature observations in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE IN ADDIS ABABA,” Int. J. Climatol., Vol.24, No.1, pp.77–91, 2004, doi: 10.1002/joc.989.
  [63] B. Kassahun and C. Hamer, “Effects of climate variability in South Ari woreda, South Omo zone, Ethiopia,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Multidiscip. Stud., Vol.6, No.12, pp.42–52, 2020.

  Citation
  Tilahun Sewagegn, "Analysis of Temporal Variability and Trends of Rainfall and Temperature Over Western Amhara Region, Ethiopia," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.7, pp.96-106, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Performance of Different Types and Doses of Urea on the Growth and Yield of Boro Rice

  Most. Nahida Umme Tamim, Bitopi Biswas, M. Robiul Islam

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp.107-114, Jul-2024

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, Rajshahi University, from December 2021 to April 2022. It aimed to investigate the impact of various types and doses of urea on the growth and yield of boro rice. The study involved three boro rice varieties: BRRI dhan28 (V1), BRRI dhan29 (V2), and BRRI dhan58 (V3) (Factor A), and three different urea dosages: 75% of the recommended dose of prilled urea (PU) (T1), 100% of the recommended dose of PU (T2), and 75% of the recommended dose of urea super granules (USG) (T3) (Factor B). The experiment was conducted using a split-plot design with three replications. The experimental results shows that, BRRI dhan58 demonstrated superior performance across various parameters, including plant height (86.05 cm), total tillers hill-1 (18.70), panicle length (23.00 cm), 1000-grain weight (22.47 g), grain yield (6.11 t ha-1), straw yield (7.12 t ha-1), and biological yield (13.22 t ha-1). Concerning urea dosages, T3 (75% of the recommended dose of USG) resulted in the highest values for plant height (86.66 cm), total tillers hill-1 (19.04), panicle length (22.93 cm), 1000-grain weight (22.28 g), grain yield (6.30 t ha-1), straw yield (7.13 t ha-1), and biological yield (23.43 t ha-1), with V2 demonstrating the maximum harvest index (46.25). The combined treatment of BRRI dhan58 and 75% of the recommended dose of USG yielded the most favorable overall result, highlighting the importance of considering both cultivar selection and urea dosage in optimizing boro rice production in experimental areas or areas with similar ecologies.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Boro rice; Urea types; Urea super granules (USG); Growth parameters; Yield components of rice

  References
  [1] M.O. Ale, A. S. Oluwalami,"Digital Agriculture, Agricultural Mechanization and Food Security in Nigeria, "International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.12, Issue.3, pp.14-20, 2024 https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrcse/v12i3.1420
  [2] N. Hashim, M. M. Ali, M. R. Mahadi, A. F. Abdullah, A. Wayayok, M. S. M. Kassim, A. Jamaluddin, "Smart Farming for Sustainable Rice Production: An Insight into Application, Challenge, and Future Prospect," Rice Science, Vol. 31, Issue, 1 pp.47-61, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsci.2023.08.004
  [3] M. Mainuddin, M. M. Alam, M. Maniruzzaman, M. J. Kabir, M. A. Mojid, M. M. Hasan, M. T. Islam, "Yield, profitability, and prospects of irrigated Boro rice cultivation in the North-West region of Bangladesh," PloS one, Vol.16, Issue, 4, e0250897, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250897
  [4] H. U. Rehman, I. Ali, F. Ali, M. I. Awan, A. Wakeel, M. Farooq, Hussain, M, "Nitrogen management strategies to improve crop performance, recovery efficiency and their relationship with physiological indices in dry direct-seeded rice," International Journal of Plant Production, ,Vol.17, Issue 2, pp.297-308, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42106-023-00239-2
  [5] S. Swify, R. Mažeika, J. Baltrusaitis, D. Drapanauskait?, and K. Bar?auskait?, "Modified urea fertilizers and their effects on improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)," Sustainability, Vol.16, Issue 1, pp.188, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010188
  [6] P. Cui, X. Sheng, Z. Chen, Q. Ning, H. Zhang, H. Lu, and H. Zhang, "Optimizing One-Time Nitrogen Fertilization for Rice Production Using Controlled-Release Urea and Urease Inhibitors," Agronomy, Vol.14, Issue 1, pp.67, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010067
  [7] M. M. Huq, I. Jahan, M. A. Hoque, M. R. Islam, "Enhancing Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Boro Rice with Urea Super Granules," Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science, Vol.9, Issue 2, pp.119-127, 2024. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i2272
  [8] S. S. Swain, T. K. Khura, P. K. Sahoo, K. A. Chobhe, N. Al-Ansari, H. L. Kushwaha, N. L. Kushwaha, K. C. Panda, S. D. Lande, C. Singh, "Proportional impact prediction model of coating material on nitrate leaching of slow-release Urea Super Granules (USG) using machine learning and RSM technique," Scientific Reports, Vol.14, Issue 1, pp.3053, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53410-8
  [9] Owahida Afifa. "Growth and Yield of Boro Rice as Affected by Application Method and Source of Nitrogen Fertilizer," MS. Thesis, Dept. Agronomy, Sher-e- Bangla Agricultural Univ., Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2020.
  [10] R. Liu, Y. Wang, Y. Hong, F. Wang, X. Mao, J. Yi, "Controlled-release urea application and optimized nitrogen applied strategy reduced nitrogen leaching and maintained grain yield of paddy fields in Northwest China," Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol.14, pp.1033506, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1033506
  [11] C. Gyawali, B. Chaulagain, S. Kaduwal, P. Gyawaly, P. Paneru, N. Khatri, P. Pantha, "Performance of Promising Rice Genotypes as Affected by Different Nitrogen Levels in Central Terai of Nepal," Agronomy Journal of Nepal, Vol.7, pp.111-120, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v7i1.62165
  [12] P. A. Bithy, "Morpho-physiological and yield attributes of boro rice varieties as influenced by different nitrogen sources," Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries, Vol.10, Issue 2, pp.175-182, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v10i2.68776
  [13] A. Bahuguna, D. K. Singh, A. Kumar, K. Garg, P. Verma, S. Patel, S. Sudarshan, "Agronomic evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes under varying fertility levels," The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol.93, Issue 11, pp.1258-1261, 2023. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i11.141416
  [14] P. A. Bithy,"Morpho-physiological and yield attributes of boro rice varieties as influenced by different nitrogen sources," Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries, Vol.10, Issue 2, pp.175-182, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v10i2.68776
  [15] M. R. Yadav, S. Kumar, M. K. Lal, D. Kumar, R. Kumar, R. K. Yadav, S. Kumar, "Mechanistic understanding of leakage and consequences and recent technological advances in improving nitrogen use efficiency in cereals," Agronomy, Vol.13, Issue 2, pp.527, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020527
  [16] M. Mahato, B. Gautam, R. Kunwar, D. Joshi, "Effect of different date of sowing and nitrogen level on production of direct seeded rice," American Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.1-5, 2019.

  Citation
  Most. Nahida Umme Tamim, Bitopi Biswas, M. Robiul Islam, "Performance of Different Types and Doses of Urea on the Growth and Yield of Boro Rice," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.7, pp.107-114, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Impact of Burnt Brick Production on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Load in Suburbs of Makurdi, Nigeria

  Ogbodo O. Juliana, Danduwa Emmanuel, Otanwa E. Helen

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp.115-122, Jul-2024

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds formed during the incomplete combustion of organic materials, such as coal, oil, gas, and biomass. PAHs were investigated in soils of five villages outskirts of Makurdi, known for burnt bricks production (geographical coordinates lati¬tude 7.723o N – 7.819o N and longitude 8.663o E – 8.905o E, 1-3 km) east of the River Benue, Makurdi, Nigeria. The soil`s physicochemical parameters were determined and the soils were extracted using Soxhlet extraction in acetone-hexane 1:1. PAHs were eluted with hexane/dichloromethane (1:1). Some PAHs were identified and quantified using gas chromatograph - mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The results showed the presence of naph¬thalene, fluorene, 1-methyl- and 2metlyl naphthalene, acenaphthene benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, Benzo[a]pyrene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene in the soil samples of all the five sites considered. Concentrations of PAHs ranged from 0.011 to 60.00 ppb across all sites. The obtained concentrations of PAHs are significant (ANOVA, p<0.05) and higher than the threshold limits for a rural and agricultural environment set by USA and Canadian regulations but negligible in the adjourning (control) soil. while traditional methods for producing fired clay products remain popular among many communities living near Makurdi due caution must still be taken when assessing their potential impacts on local environments whilst still allowing people access to necessary construction materials without compromising public health standards as long-term effects may be associated with increased concentrations of PAHs present within affected soils from continued usage.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  PAHs, Burnt bricks, physicochemical properties, Soil, combustion, Organic materials

  References
  [1] D. Wang, J. Ma, H. Li, X. Zhang, “Concentration and Potential Ecological Risk of PAHs in Different Layers of Soil in the Petroleum-Contaminated Areas of the Loess Plateau China,” International. Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol.15, Issue. 11, pp. 16 2018.
  [2] International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), “Some non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some related exposures,” Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks Humams, Vol.92, pp.765–771, 2010.
  [3] H. Lim, S. Silvergren, S. Spinicci, F.M Rad, U. Nilsson, R. Westerholm, C. Johansson, “Contribution of wood burning to exposures of PAHs and oxy-PAHs in Eastern Sweden,” Atmospheric Chemistry, and Physics, Vol. 22, pp. 11359–11379, 2022.
  [4] B. Moorthy, C. Chu, D.J Carlin, “Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: from metabolism to lung cancer, “Journal of National Library of Medicine Vol. 145, Issue.1, pp. 5-15, 2015.
  [5] H.I Abdel-Shafy, S.M Mona, 2016, “A rview on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons source, environmental impact, effect on human and remediation,” Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, Vol. 26, Issue.1, pp. 107-123, 2016.
  [6] US Environmental Protection Agency, “Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-EPA fact sheet,” National Ground Water Association Journal, Vol.46, Issue.1, pp. 156-159, 2008.
  [7] V.G Tsiodra, B. de Foy, C. Herring, S. Kaspari, T. VanReken, B. Jobson, “Contributions of wood smoke and vehicle emissions to ambient concentrations of volatile organic compounds and particulate matter during the Yakima wintertime nitrate study,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol.122, pp. 1871–1883, 2021.
  [8] E. A Okoye, A. N Ezejiofor, I. L Nwaogazie, C. Frazzoli. O.E. Orisakwe, “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil and Vegetation of Niger Delta, Nigeria: Ecological Risk Assessment. Journal of Toxicology Volume 20, pp. 1-18, 2023.
  [9] Y. Li, Q. Zhang, D. Guo, J. Dang, “Characteristics and risk assessment of PAH pollution in soil of a retired coking wastewater treatment plant in Taiyuan, Northern China,” Toxics, Vol. 11, Issue. 5, pp. 415--425, 2023.
  [10] B.J Olawuyi, K.O Olusola, E.B Ogunbode, S.S Kyenge, “Performance Assessment of Makurdi Burnt Bricks,” Construction focus, Journal of Department of Building, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Vol. 3, Issue. 1, pp. 1-12, 2015.
  [11] A.R Rajonee, V. Uddin (2018) changes in soil properties with Distance in Bricks kiln area around Barisal. Open Journal of Soil Science Vol. 8, Issue. 3, pp. 121-132, 2018.
  [12] A.S Alaa, A.M Ali, “Manufacturing Bricks in the Present and in the Future: A State of Art Review,” International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue. 3, pp. 145-156, 2013.
  [13] H. Orru, H. Olstrup, J. Kukkoonen, S. Lopez-Aparicio, “Health impacts of PM2.5 originating from residential wood combustion in four Nordic cities,” BMC Public Health Vol. 22, pp. 1286, 2022.
  [14] D. Sarigiannis, S. Karakitsios, D. Zikopoulos, S. Nikolaki, M. Kermenidou, “Lung cancer risk from PAHs emitted from biomass combustion,” Environmental Research, Vol. 137, pp. 147-157, 2015.
  [15] S.T Ikpe, “Evaluation of the Impact of Burnt-Bricks Production on Vegetation and Potential Flood in Naka, Gwer-West LGA, Benue State,” Journal of Environmental Design and Constructions Management, Vol. 20, Issue. 4, pp. 293-316, 2020.
  [16] F.S Agbidye, S.I.N. Agera, J.A. Ogwuche, “Investigated the effect of burnt brick production on soil bacteria and fungi at brick Sites in Benue, Nigeria,” Journal of Global Biosciences, Vol. 4, Issue.8, pp. 3016-3023, 2018.
  [17] S.I.N Agera, J.A. Ogwuche, F.S. Agbidye, “Investigation of particulate matter concentrations at wood-based burnt brick sites in Benue State, Nigeria,” European Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Research Vol. 6, Issue. 2, pp. 42-49, 2018.
  [18] A.J. Walkely, I.A. Black, “Estimation of soil Organic Carbon by the Chromic and Titration Method,” Soil Science Vol. 37, pp. 29-38, 1934.
  [19] B.P. Prem, S. Douffy, “Evaluation of Soil Organic Carbon and Soil Moisture Content from Agricultural Fields in Mississippi,”Open Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 1-15, 2013.
  [20] V. Sonja, G.H Angelika, “Analysis of PAHs in Soil according to EPA 8310 method with UV and Fluorescence detection,” Environmental Science and Technology Journal. Vol. 38: pp. 5990-6041, 2011.
  [21] H.R Khan, K. Rahman, A.J.M.A. Rouf, G.S. Sattar, Y. Oki, T. Adachi, “Assessment of degradation of agricultural soils arising from brick burning in selected soil profiles,” International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 4, Issue, 4, pp. 471-480, 2007.
  [22] A.A. Agbeshie, S. Abugre, T. Atta-Darkwa, R. Awuah, “A review of the effect of forest fire on soil properties,” Journal of Forestry Research, Vol. 33, Issue. 2, pp. 1-23, 2022.
  [23] Y. Wang, J. Yuan, Y. Zhu, J. Dou, “Contamination, sources, and health risks associated with soil PAHs in rebuilt land from a coking plant, Beijing, China,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 16, Issue. 4, pp. 670-679, 2019.
  [24] S. Barathi, J. Gitanjali, G. Rathinasamy, N. Sabapathi, K.N. Aruljothi, J. Lee, S. Kandasamy, “Recent trends in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution distribution and counteracting bio-remediation strategies,” chemosphere, Vol. 337, pp. 139-156, 2023.
  [25] Q. Zhen, F. Han, X. Zhang, “Distribution, origins, and hazardous effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the topsoil surrounding oil fields: A case study on the Loess Plateau, China,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 17, Issue. 4, pp. 1390, 2020

  Citation
  Ogbodo O. Juliana, Danduwa Emmanuel, Otanwa E. Helen, "Impact of Burnt Brick Production on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Load in Suburbs of Makurdi, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.7, pp.115-122, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Regression Analysis on the Perceived Instructional Management and Self-Directedness of Learners Towards Learning Academic Achievements in Science

  Elizer M. Rebucas

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp.123-132, Jul-2024

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The study investigated the relationships and influences of instructional management and self-directedness on students` learning and academic achievement in science among Grade 8 students of the three public secondary schools in the District 1 division of Davao de Oro, School Year 2023-2024. Specifically, it examined the variables that best predict students` academic achievement in science. Correlational and causal-comparative designs were utilized in this study. Moreover, sets of adapted survey questionnaires were used to obtain information from the participants. For students learning academic achievement in science, the study used the students` general average in science. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression were the statistical tools utilized in the study. The results showed that instructional management and students` self-directedness characteristics have a significant and positive relationship with students` learning academic achievement in science. Moreover, the desire to learn for self-directedness significantly predicted students` academic achievement in science. Thus, nurturing a drive to study can help students be more resilient in academic challenges, resulting in better overall performance in science courses.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Perceived Instructional Management, Self-Directedness, Regression, Philippines

  References
  [1] S. Unger, and W. Meiran, “Student attitudes towards online education during the COVID-19 viral outbreak of 2020: Distance learning in a time of social distance,” International Journal of Technology in Education and Science, Vol.4, Issue 4, pp.256-266, 2020. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.v4i4.107
  [2] S. Mahlaba, “Reasons why self-directed learning is important in South African during the COVID-19 pandemic,” South African Journal of Higher Education, Vol.34, Issue.6, 2020. https://doi.org/10.20853/34-6-4192
  [3] O. A. Rydze, “Characteristics of ten-year old self-directed learners,” SHS Web of Conferences, Vol.29, 01060. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20162901060
  [4] J. O. Afe, “Reflections on Becoming a Teacher and the Challenges of Teacher Education,” Inaugural lecture series 64. 2011. Benin City: University of Benin, Nigeria.
  [5] L. Ballone-Dura, C. Czerniak, and J. Haney, “A study of the effects of a LSC projection scientists’ teaching practice and beliefs,” Journal of Science Teacher Education, Vol. 16, Issue 2, pp.159-184, 2015.
  [6] E. Akinfe, O. E. Olofinniyi, and C. O. Fashiku, “Teachers’ Quality as Correlates of Students’ Academic Performance in Biology in Senior Secondary Schools in Ondo State, Nigeria,” Online journal of education research, Vol.1, Issue.6, 2012.
  [7] D. U. Akubuilo, “The effect of problem-solving instructional strategies on student’s achievement and retention in biology with respect to location in Enugu State,” Journal of the Science Teachers Association of Nigeria, Vol.24, Issues.1&2, pp.94-100, 2014.
  [8] A. Ghofur, B. R. N. Rupawandi, and A. K. Ahmad, “Instructional management strategy: A multi-sites study on science teaching for Islamic school,” Journal of Educational Science and Technology, Vol.3, Issue.3, pp.211–217, 2017. https://doi.org/10.26858/est.v3i3.4210.
  [9] D. A. Sass, J. Lopes, C. Oliveira, N. K. Martin, “An evaluation of the behavior and instructional management scale’s psychometric properties using Portuguese teachers,” Teaching and Teacher Education, Vol.55, pp.279–290, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.01.020.
  [10] T. Rosalina, (2012). Pengaruh Manajemen Pembelajaran Full Day School terhadap Motivasi Belajar,” Manajemen Pendidikan, Vol. 23, Issue 6, pp. 434-435, 2012.
  [11] I. Gunawan, S. N. Suraya, D. Tryanasari, “Hubungan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif dan Kritis dengan Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa pada Matakuliah Konsep Sains II,” Premiere Educandum, Vol.4, Issue.1, pp.1-32, 2014.
  [12] I. Gunawan, “Instructional Management in Indonesia: A Case Study,” Journal of Arts, Science and Commerce, Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.99-107, 2017.
  [13] A. D. Miller, E. M. Ramirez, T. B. Murdock, “The influence of teachers’ self-efficacy on perceptions: Perceived teacher competence and respect and student effort and achievement,” Teaching and Teacher Education, Vol.64, Issue.1, pp.260-269, 2017.
  [14] F. Simoes, M. Alarcao, “Mentors and Teachers: Testing the Effectiveness of Simultaneous Roles on School Performance from A Basic Psychological Needs Perspective. Instructional Science,” Vol.42, Issue.3, pp.465-483, 2014. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43575239.
  [15] S. B. Alos, L. C. Caranto, J. T. David, “Factors Affecting the Academic Performance of Student Nurses of BSU,” International Journal of Nursing Science, Vol.5, Issue.2, pp.60-65, 2015. DOI: 10.5923/j.nursing.20150502.04.
  [16] R. Sezer, “The effects of instructional management on students` academic achievement in science,” European Journal of Educational Research, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.123-135, 2017.
  [17] F. Sezgin, O. Erdogan, “Instructional leadership in science education: Effects on students` academic success,” Journal of Educational Leadership, Vol.13, Issue.4, pp.45-67, 2015.
  [18] A. Carroll, “Understanding the impact of instructional management on student engagement and performance. International Journal of Science Education, Vol.40, Issue.7, pp.837-850, 2018.
  [19] W. C. Brandt, “Measuring student success skills: A review of the literature on self-direction,” Dover, NH: National Center for the Improvement of Educational Assessment, Center for Assessment, pp.1-30, 2020.
  [20] N. Din, S. Haron, R. M. Rashid, “Can self-directed learning environment improve quality of life?” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol.222, pp.219-227, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.150
  [21] H. T. Hoang, “Best practices of motivation in a self-directed distance education at a community college,” Theses and Dissertations, 2019.
  [22] K. F. Hew, N. Law, J. Wan, and L. Yeung, “Self-directed learning in science education: Explicating the enabling factors,” In C. K. Looi, J. L. Polman, U. Cress, and P. Reimann (Eds.), Proceedings of the 12th International Conference of the Learning Sciences, Vol.1, pp.679-686, 2016. Singapore: International Society of the Learning Sciences.
  [23] A. Kan’an, K. Osman, “The relationship between self-directed learning skills and science achievement among qatari students,” Creative Education, Vol.6, Issue.8, pp.790-797, 2015. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2015.68082
  [24] J. Sajna, O. M. Anuroofa, “A study on the relationship between self-directed learning and achievement in information technology of students at secondary level,” Universal Journal of Educational Research, Vol.5, Issue.10, pp.1849-1852, 2017. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.051024
  [25] S. Geng, K. M. Law, B. Niu, “Investigating self-directed learning and technology readiness in blending learning environment,” International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, Vol.16, Issue.17, pp.1-22, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0147-0
  [26] W. Ceccucci, K. Jones, D. Tamarkin, “The effectiveness of data science as a means to achieve proficiency in scientific literacy,” Information Systems Education Journal, Vol.13, Issue.4, pp.64-70, 2015.
  [27] S. O’Connell, “Introduction to Problem-Solving Strategies for the Elementary Mathematics Classroom,” Portsmouth, NH : Heinemann, USA, 2012.
  [28] O. A. Akinyemi, “Enhancing students’ attitude towards Nigerian Senior Secondary School Physics through the use of cooperative, competitive and individualistic learning strategies,” Australian Journal of Teacher Education, Vol.34, Issue.1, 2011.
  [29] A. R. Funke, F. A. K. Oyewumi, “Students’ Attitude and Interest as Correlates of Students’ Academic Performance in Biology in Senior Secondary School,” International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, Vol.4, Issue.3, pp.1-6, 2016.
  [30] D. C. Samikwo, “Factors which influence academic performance in biology in Kenya: a perspective for global competitiveness,” International Journal of Current Research, Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.4296-4300, 2016.
  [31] R. Zack, E. F. Vacha, N. L. Staub, “Science in action! Outreach program promotes confidence in teaching science,” The American Biology Teacher, Vol.79, Issue.9, pp.711-719, 2017.
  [32] P. M. Sadler, G. Sonnert, H. P. Coyle, C. N. Smith, J. L. Miller, “The influence of teachers’ knowledge on student learning in middle school physical science classrooms,” American Educational Research Journal, Vol.50, Issue.5, pp.1020–1049, 2013. DOI: 10.3102/0002831213477680
  [33] S. N. Ghazali, “Learner background and their attitudes towards studying literature,” Malaysian Journal of ELT Research, Vol.4, Issue.1, pp.1-17, 2018.
  [34] J. Endurance, P. F. Tamunosis, “Students and teachers’ attitude towards science: Implication for students’ academic achievement in basic science in secondary schools,” Journal of Global Research in Education and Social Science, Vol.14, Issue.1, pp.17-26, 2020.
  [35] C. Khaombi, “Factors affecting K.C.S.E performance in chemistry in public secondary schools,” Unpublished research project for post graduate diploma in education. University of Nairobi, Kenya, 2016.
  [36] A. A. Hassan, H. I. Ali, A. A. Salum, A. M. Kassim, Y. N. Elmoge, A. A. Amour, “Factors affecting students’ performance in chemistry: Case study in Zanzibar secondary schools,” International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 11, pp. 4086- 4093, 2015.
  [37] E. M. Rebucas, Z. I. Dales, “A Structural Equation Model on Students’ Performance in Science of Grade 9 Learners in Davao de Oro Division,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol.8, Issue.5, pp.01-16, 2022. https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrms/v8i5.116
  [38] W. Glasser, “Choice theory: A new psychology of personal freedom,” New York, NY: Harper, 1998.
  [39] J. S. Kounin, “Discipline and Group Management in Classrooms. Huntington,” N. Y.: R. E. Krieger, 1970.
  [40] D. R. Garrison, “Self-directed learning: Toward a comprehensive model,” Adult Education Quarterly, Vol.48, Issue.1, pp.18-33, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1177/074171369704800103
  [41] J. Sajna, O. M. Anuroofa, “A study on the relationship between self-directed learning and achievement in information technology of students at secondary level,” Universal Journal of Educational Research, Vol.5, Issue.10, pp.1849-1852, 2017. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.051024
  [42] M. Adib, S. Ghiyasvandian, S. Varaei, Z.A. Roushan, “Relationship between academic motivation and self-directed learning in nursing students,” Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, Vol.1, Issue.9, 2019. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2019/v30i530281
  [43] F. J. Ejercito, “The Teaching Art and Skill of LSU-IS Teachers and Students’ Academic Performance,” Lasallian Research Forum, Vol.15, Issue.1, pp.1-27, 2010. https://lsu.edu.ph/download_file/243/310
  [44] K. Malison, “An exploratory study of self-directed learning: The differences between IT and non-IT employees in Thailand,” Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, Vol.21, Issue.3, pp.1-16, 2018.
  [45] I. C. Oparaji, I.C. Igbokwe, A. Ugwude, “Classroom Management as Predictor of Students’ Academic Achievement in Public Secondary Schools in Awka South of Anambra State,” International Journal of Applied Research, Vol.6, Issue.6, pp.353-357, 2020.
  [46] J. I. Rancifer, “Effective classroom management. A teaching strategy for maturing professions,” Paper presented at the annual conference of the South–eastern Regional Association of Teacher Educators (40th, Nashville, TN). 2013.
  [47] A. M. Cazan, B. A. Schiopca, “Self-directed learning, personality traits and academic achievement,” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol.127, pp.640-644, 2014.
  [48] A. Mehmet, K. Ay?egül, “Self-directed learning readiness and academic achievement in a distance education program,” Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, Vol.17, Issue.2, pp.120-129, 2016.
  [49] M. H. Cho, M. L. Heron, “Self-regulated learning: The role of motivation, emotion, and use of learning strategies in students` learning experiences in a self-paced online mathematics course,” Distance Education, Vol.36, Issue.1, pp.80-99, 2015.
  [50] A. Hassanbeigi, J. Askari, N. Nakhaei, S. Shirkhoda, H. Fallahzadeh, A. Pirzadeh, “The relationship between study skills and academic performance of university students,” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol.30, pp.1416-1424, 2011.
  [51] A. Kan’an, K. Osman, “The relationship between self-directed learning skills and science achievement among qatari students,” Creative Education, Vol.6, Issue.8, pp.790-797, 2015. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2015.68082
  [52] M. A. Nadi, M. Gordanshekan, M. Golparvar, “Effect of critical thinking, problem solving and metacognitive on student self-directed learning,” Research in curriculum planning, Vol.8, Issue.1, 2011.
  [53] S. B. K. Utvær, G. Haugan, “The academic motivation scale: Dimensionality, reliability, and construct validity among vocational students,” Nordic Journal of Vocational Education and Training, Vol.6, Issue 2, pp.17-45, 2016.
  [54] X. Lin-Siegler, J. N. Ahn, J. Chen, F. F. Fang, M. Luna-Lucero, “Even Einstein Struggled: Effects of Learning About Great Scientists` Struggles on High School Students` Motivation to Learn Science,” Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol.108, Issue.3, pp.314-328, 2016.
  [55] J. S. Eccles, A. Wigfield, “From expectancy-value theory to situated expectancy-value theory: A developmental, social-cognitive, and sociocultural perspective on motivation,” Contemporary Educational Psychology, Vol.61, 2020. 101859.
  [56] S. Schukajlow, D. Leiss, R. Pekrun, W. Blum, M. Müller, R. Messner, “Teaching methods for modelling problems and students` task-specific enjoyment, value, interest and self-efficacy expectations,” Educational Studies in Mathematics, Vol.79, pp.215-237, 2012.
  [57] D. Palmer, “Sources of self-efficacy in a science methods course for primary teacher education students,” Research in Science Education, Vol.41, Issue.3, pp.373-385, 2017.
  [58] R. M. Ryan, E. L. Deci, “Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, and Wellness,” Guilford Press. 2017.
  [59] C. S. Hulleman, J. M. Harackiewicz, “The motivation to succeed: How to foster student motivation in science and other subjects,” Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.109-115, 2020.

  Citation
  Elizer M. Rebucas, "Regression Analysis on the Perceived Instructional Management and Self-Directedness of Learners Towards Learning Academic Achievements in Science," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.7, pp.123-132, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Understanding Academicians` Perceptions on Transitioning to Section 115BAC of Income Tax Act 1961

  Avinash Totlani, Asha Sharma

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp.133-140, Jul-2024

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The study aims to evaluate the awareness and perceptions of academicians regarding the new tax regime, Section 115BAC of the Income Tax Act 1961.The study is based on primary data collected from academicians employed in higher education institutions. This paper primarily seeks to determine the potential influence of the new tax regime on their investment choices and how this influence varies among academicians based on their gender, age, and annual income. The analytical part was performed using T-test and ANOVA. The study revealed and indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in awareness and investment choices among academicians when transitioning to the new tax regime, Section 115BAC, regardless of their gender, age, or annual income.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Income Tax, New tax regime, Academicians, Investment alternatives & Deductions

  References
  [1] Kaushik, S. “Impact of Tax Reforms on Investment Decisions”.
  [2] Shaik, M. B., Kethan, M., Jaggaiah, T., & Khizerulla, M. “Financial literacy and investment behaviour of IT professional in India”. East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol.1, Issue.5, pp.777-788, 2022.
  [3] Rubolino, E., & Waldenström, D. “Tax progressivity and top incomes evidence from tax reforms”. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 18, pp.261-289, 2020.
  [4] Chokhawala, M.S. “Section 115BAC of Income Tax Act: New Tax Regime Deductions Allowed, Exemption List & Benefits”. 2024.
  [5] Shikha, P. “A Critical Analysis of Alternate Tax Regime Under Section 115BAC Of Income Tax Act, 1961”. The Chartered Accountant, Vol.70, Issue.7, pp.66-72, 2022.
  [6] Shome, S., & Gupta, Y. “ A reflection of Indian higher education system: An academic labour market perspective”. Research in Education, Vol.106, Issue.1, pp.3-21, 2020.
  [7] Khan, F. “A study of saving and investment avenues of salaried class people with reference to Kerela” Journal of Information and Computational Science, Vol.9, Issue.9, pp.781-793, 2019.
  [8] Income Tax Department, Government of India (2024). ‘FAQs on New vs Old Tax Regime (AY 2024-25)”, 2024.
  [9] Vyshak, P.K. & Joobi, V.P “Awareness and attitude towards tax planning on wealth creation of individual assessee” Mukt Shabdh Journal Vol-9, pp.1834-1845, 2020.
  [10] Sumesh, GS. “Awareness and Perception regarding tax planning options among salaried people”Mukt Shabdh Journal 2020, Vol.9, Issue.4, pp.513-523, 2020.
  [11] Suchithra, P. & Vidhya, C. “A study on the awareness of Tax Saving Instruments of Individual Tax Payers” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Vol.10, Issue.3 pp.91-10, 2019.
  [12] Das, T.K. “A Comparative Study between Existing and Revised New Tax Regime of Individual Tax Payers with Reference to the Assessment Year 2024-25”. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research. Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.e707-e712, 2023.
  [13] Goel, A., & Garg, P. “A Comparative Study on Individual Tax Payers preference between Old vs New Tax Regime”.
  [14] Borhade, A. “Comparative Study if New Income Tax System with the Old Tax System” IJFANS. Vol.11, Issue.10, 2022.
  [15] Ghimire, S. “A study on optional tax regime for individual and hindu undivided family taxpayers under section 115BAC of the Income Tax Act, 1961”. International Journal of Research in Commerce, Economics and Management. Vol.10, Issue.9, 2020.
  [16] Dubey, S. “Analyzing tax planning practices among salaried tax payers with special reference to Prayagraj” International Journal of Applied Social Science, 8, pp.249-253, 2021.
  [17] Jain, M. “Analysis of different investment options available for tax saving. Journal of Corporate Finance Management and Banking System” Vol.3, Issue.1, pp.35-41, 2022.
  [18] Kadwa, M., & Gondaliya, V “To study the perception of income tax planning with respect to individual assessee” International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, Vol.3, Issue.4, pp.928-936, 2022.
  [19] Pimple, S., & Peshori, K “An empirical study on perceptions towards tax planning among youth.” International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, (MMK : ACE -2019), pp 9-12, 2019.
  [20] Rani P & Bansal R “Impact of New tax scheme on investment behaviour of individuals empirical evidence of India” Gurugram University Business Review Vol.2, Issue.1, pp.1-10, 2022.
  [21] Sahoo, T. “Tax saving investment under section 80C of income tax Act” International Journal of Research Culture Society, Vol.4, Issue.3, pp.40-43, 2020.
  [22] Shaikh M & Shaikh A “A study on financial planning for salaried employees and strategies for tax savings” Allana Management Journal of Research Vol.11, Issue 1, pp.1-7, 2021.
  [23] Shaju T “A study on tax perception and tax evasion of salaried employees in Bangalore city” International Journal of creative research thoughts Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.696-700, 2022.
  [24] Sravanti N & Anita L “Awareness of tax saving schemes among salaried employees.” International Journal of Business Management and technology Vol.5, Issue.5, pp.1-4, 2021.

  Citation
  Avinash Totlani, Asha Sharma, "Understanding Academicians` Perceptions on Transitioning to Section 115BAC of Income Tax Act 1961," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.7, pp.133-140, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  The Effect of Cancel Culture to Free Speech on Social Media: Input for Drafting Legislation

  Roden A. Samson, Kenneth Humpay

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp.141-150, Jul-2024

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Cancel culture, a digital phenomenon that has gained significant attention, is a boycott in which someone is called out and then "canceled" for their inappropriate behavior after voicing a disagreeable view, taking a stance regarded as "inappropriate," or acting in a way deemed offensive. The Philippines is taking a hard stance against this phenomenon by passing the first anti-cancel culture law in history, which legal experts believe could set a global precedent. This significant step could influence how other countries approach cancel culture [10]. If this proposed legislation is approved, it could significantly impact how individuals in the country express themselves and communicate on social media. In this context, the study aims to gather insights from Muntinlupeños` personal experiences and viewpoints on how cancel culture limits their ability to express themselves on social media freely. Muntinlupeños are people living in Muntinlupa, one of the cities in the Philippines` National Capital Region (NCR). Their shared inputs are important in formulating appropriate legislation to combat cancel culture and uphold the country’s democracy, allowing everyone to express themselves, even on social media, freely. The study has four (4) general inquiries: 1) the effect of cancel culture to free speech on social media, 2) the significant difference in the effect of cancel culture to the respondents` free speech on social media when grouped according to their demographic profile, 3) the significant relationship between the respondents’ knowledge and understanding of cancel culture and its effect to free speech on social media, and 4) the proposed action or program to address the effect of cancel culture to preserve the country’s democracy. The study used a quantitative descriptive approach to gather and analyze the data. A modified survey questionnaire assessed the demographic profile and determined how cancel culture affects free speech on social media. The study shows that the respondents understood cancel culture`s context, objective or purpose, and consequences. They also attested that cancel culture frequently happens on social media. Conversely, the study shows that cancel culture significantly affects respondents` free speech, especially when expressing or posting their ideas and opinions, commenting or reacting to public posts, and sharing information and public posts on social media, respectively. As a result, cancel culture is a serious problem that jeopardizes Philippine democracy.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Effect of Cancel Culture, Understanding Cancel Culture, Free Speech, Freedom of Expression, Social Media

  References
  [1] Ackerman et al. “A Letter on Justice and Open Debate,” Harper’s Magazine Foundation, 2024
  [2] A.D Udeagbaja, “On the Myth of Cancel Culture,” Varsity Publications Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2021
  [3] Anonymous, “Cancel Culture and Social Media,” Ethics Sage, 2021
  [4] Anonymous, “Introduction and Theoretical Background - Pearson’s R, CHI-SQUARE, T-TEST, AND ANOVA,” Sage Publications Inc.
  [5] Haidt and Lukianoff, “Why It’s a Bad Idea to Tell Students Words are Violence,” The Atlantic Monthly Group, 2024.
  [6] Jusay et al., “We Are Cancelled: Exploring Victims’ Experiences of Cancel Culture on Social Media in the Philippines,” Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, Vol.14, No.4, pp.1-12, 2022.
  [7] L. Jonsson, “A Study on the Impacts of Cancel Culture on Freedom of Speech and Journalism,” Sodertorn University, School of Science, pp.17-20, 2022.
  [8] Lukianoff and Schlott, “The Cancelling of the American Mind: Cancel Culture Undermines Trust and Threatens Us All – But There is a Solution,” Simon and Schuster, pp.294, 2023.
  [9] Lukianoff and Schlott, “To Stop Cancel Culture from Killing Society, We Need to Embrace Free Speech,” NYP Holdings, Inc., 2023
  [10] M. Tondo, “Cancel Culture, Philippines,” Lampoon Publishing House, 2019.

  Citation
  Roden A. Samson, Kenneth Humpay, "The Effect of Cancel Culture to Free Speech on Social Media: Input for Drafting Legislation," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.7, pp.141-150, 2024