Volume-6 , Issue-6 , Jun 2020, ISSN 2454-9312 (Online), 2454-6143 (Print) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Application of Bayesian Networks in Early Diagnosis of Cerebral Malaria and Mosquito-Borne Diseases Based on Observed Symptoms

  Solomon Osarumwense Alile

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp.1-14, Jun-2020

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Cerebral malaria is an unstable central nervous system (CNS) affliction brought about by severe plasmodium falciparum infection that causes swelling of the cerebral vessels and venules with blood and water. The manifestations of the disease are chills, coma, convulsions, delirium, dizziness, fatigue, fever, headache, high temperature just to give some examples. This disease influences individual of any age however constant with kids underneath the age of 5. Because of the covering side effects of this malady, it was discovered that the disease is under-diagnosed and misdiagnosed a situation which is prevalent in Sub-Sahara Africa. Furthermore, the association of CNS with falciparum malaria accounted for 10% of admitted patients and 80% recorded passings around the world. Be that as it may, in time past, a couple of systems have been created to recognize this non-transmittable ailment, yet they delivered a ton of bogus negative during testing and couldn`t distinguish cerebral malaria in view of its covering symptoms it imparts to other mosquito-borne ailments. Consequently, there was the need to proffer a solution for the issue of under-diagnosis and misdiagnosis of cerebral malaria which is much uncontrolled in Sub-Sahara Africa. Hence, in this paper, we proposed and built up a model to anticipate cerebral malaria and mosquito-borne diseases using an AI method called Bayesian Belief Network. The model was structured using Bayes Server and tested with data retrieved from severe malaria medical repository. The model had an overall prediction exactness of 99.98%; 99.74%, 98.97% and 99.23% sensitivity of Cerebral Malaria, Malaria and Mosquito-Borne Disease correspondingly

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Cerebral Malaria, Malaria, Mosquito-Borne Diseases, Diagnosis, Prediction, Detection, Machine Learning, Bayesian Belief Network

  References
  [1] E.A. Niang , H. Bassene, F. Fenollar and O. Mediannikov, ?Biological Control of Mosquito-Borne Diseases: The Potential of Wolbachia-Based Interventions in an IVM Framework?. Hindawi Journal of Tropical Medicine, Vol. 2018,(1470459), pp. 1-15, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1470459
  [2] T.Chaiphongpachara, P.Bunyuen and K.K. Chansukh, ?Development of a More Effective Mosquito Trapping Box for Vector Control?. Hindawi The Scientific World Journal, Vol.2018,(6241703),pp.1-8,August,2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6241703.
  [3] WHO, ?WHO Malaria Report?. World Health Organization, ISBN 978-92-4-156572-1, pp. 9-12, 2019.
  [4] U. K. Misra, J. Kalita, S. Prabhakar, A. Chakravaty, D. Kochar and P. P. Nair, ?Cerebral Malaria and Bacterial Meningitis?. Annals of Indian Academy Neurology, Vol. 14(1), pp. S35-S39, 2011. doi:10.4103/0972-2327.83101
  [5] WHO, ?The Africa Malaria Report 2003?. WHO Reference Number: WHO/CDS/MAL/2003.1093, pp. 17-23, 2003.
  [6] S. M. Rich, F. H. Leendertz, G. Xu, M. Lebreton, C. F. Djoko, M. N. Aminake, E. E. Takang, J. L. D. Diffo, B. L. Pike, B. M. Rosenthal, P., Formenty, C. Boesch, F. J. Ayala, N. D. Wolfe, ?The Origin of Malignant Malaria?. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Vol.106 (35), pp. 14902?14907, 2009.Bibcode:2009,PNAS..10614902R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0907740106 .PMC 2720412.PMID 19666593.
  [7] D. J. Perkins, T. Were, G. C. Davenport, P. Kempaiah, J. B. Hittner, J. M. Ong`Echa, ?Severe Malarial Anemia: Innate Immunity and Pathogenesis?. International Journal of Biological Sciences.Vol.7(9),pp.1427?1442,2011.
  [8] P. Perlmann and M. Troye-Blomberg, ?Malaria Bloodstage Infection and Its Control By the Immune System?. Folia Biologica. Vol.46 (6), pp. 210?218, 2000. PMID 11140853.
  [9] F.H. Yusuf, M.Y. Hafiz, M. Shoaib, S.A. Ahmed, ?Cerebral Malaria: Insight into Pathogenesis, Complications and Molecular Biomarkers?. Dove Press Journal: Infection and Drug Resistance, Vol.10 pp. 57?59, 2017.
  [10] G.G. MacPherson, M.J. Warell, N.J. White, et al, ?Human Cerebral Malaria. A Quantitative Ultrastructural Analysis of Parasitized Erythrocyte Sequestration.?American Journal of Pathology, Vol.119(3), pp.385-401, 1985.
  [11] A. Trampuz, M.Jereb, I. Muzlovic and R.M. Prabhu, ?Clinical Review: Severe Malaria?, Critical Care?. Vol.7(4), pp.315-323, 2003. Doi:10.1186/cc2183.
  [12] M. Marks, W.A. Gupta, J.F. Doherty, M. Singe, D. Walker et al., ?Managing Malaria In The Intensive Care Unit?. British Journal of Anaesthesia,Vol.113(6),pp.910-921,2014
  [13] A. Rastogi, N. K. Gupta and P. K. Tyagi, ?Neurofuzzy Inference System for Diagnosis of Malaria?. 2014 Innovative Applications of Computational Intelligence on Power, Energy and Controls with their Impact on Humanity (CIPECH), Ghaziabad, pp. 24-28, 2014. doi: 10.1109/CIPECH.2014.7019042.
  [14] S.A. Fatumo ,E. Adetiba and J.O.Onaolapo, ?Implementation of XpertMalTyph: An Expert System for Medical Diagnosis of the Complications of Malaria and Typhoid?. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE), e-ISSN: 2278-0661, p- ISSN: 2278-8727, Vol. 8(5), pp. 34-40, Jan. - Feb. 2013.
  [15] T.A. Owoseni and I.O. Ogundahunsi, ?Mobile-Based Fuzzy Expert System for Diagnosing Malaria (MFES)?. International Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic Business, Vol. 2016(2), pp.14-22, 2016. DOI: 10.5815/ijieeb.2016.02.02
  [16] F. E. Uzoka, B. A. Akinnuwesi, T. Amoo, F. Debele, G. Fashoto and C. Nwafor-Okoli, ?An Expert System for Malaria Diagnosis using the Fuzzy Cognitive Map Engine?. 2018 IST-Africa Week Conference (IST-Africa), Gaborone, pp. 1-13. 2018
  [17] B.E. Chekol and H. Hagras, ?A Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Based System for Malaria Epidemic Prediction in Ethiopia?. SUST Journal of Engineering and Computer Sciences (JECS), Vol. 21(1), pp. 42-54, 2020.
  [18] C. Mehanian, M. Jaiswal,C. Delahunt, C. Thompson, M. Horning, L. Hu, S. McGuire, T. Ostbye, M. Mehanian, B. Wilson, C. Champlin, E. Long, S. Proux, D. Gamboa, P. Chiodini, J. Carter, M. Dhorda, D. Isaboke, B. Ogutu, W. Oyibo, E. Villasis, K.M. Tun, C. Bachman and D. Bell, ?Computer-Automated Malaria Diagnosis and Quantitation Using Convolutional Neural Networks?. IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshop (ICCVW), Venice, pp.116-125, 2017. DOI:10.1109/ICCVW.2017.22.
  [19] S. Martha, N. Emilian, A. Frederick, M. Halidi, W. Nyamos, M. Saidi, S. Saidi, S. Chaula, I. Suluty and Y. LeNet, ?Deep Learning Mobile Application Towards Malaria Diagnosis?. Conference paper at The Ninth International Conference Learning Representations (ICLR 2020),Vienna, Austria, pp. 1-6, May, 2020.
  [20] J.B. Awotunde, O.E. Matiluko and O.W Fatai, ?Medical Diagnosis System Using Fuzzy Logic?. African Journal of Compiting & ICT. Vol. 7(2), pp. 99-106, 2014.
  [21] K.A. Mohamed and E.M. Hussein, ?Malaria Parasite Diagnosis using Fuzzy Logic?. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Vol. 5(6), pp. 807-809, June 2016.
  [22] O.B. Onuwa, ?Fuzzy Expert System for Malaria Diagnosis?. Oriental Journal Of Computer Science and Technology, Vol. 7(2) , pp. 273-284, June 2014.
  [23] O. Oluwagbemi, E. Adeoye and S. Fatumo, ?Building a Computer-Based Expert System for Malaria Environmental Diagnosis: An Alternative Malaria Control Strategy?. Egyptian Computer Science Journal Vol. 33(1), pp:55-69, September 2009.
  [24] V.I. Osubor and S.C. Chiemeke, ?An Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System for the Diagnosis of Malaria?. Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology Journal ,Vol. 14(4), pp. 212-222, December, 2014. 1595-6938/2014.
  [25] Q. Duodu, J.K. Panford, J.B. Hafron-Acquah, ?Designing Algorithm for Malaria Diagnosis using Fuzzy Logic for Treatment (AMDFLT) in Ghana?. International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 ? 8887), Vol. 91(17), pp.22-27, April 2014.
  [26] K.O. Williams,A.S. Falohun and B.O. Adegoke, ?Fuzzy Based Model For Predicting Malaria Outbreak In South-West, Nigeria?. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST), Vol. 6(9), pp.10561-10570, September, 2019. ISSN: 2458-9403.
  [27] X.Y. Djam, G. M. Wajiga, Y. H. Kimbi and N.V. Blamah, ?A Fuzzy Expert System for the Management of Malaria?. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology, Vol.5(2), pp. 84-108, 2011. ISSN 2229 - 6107
  [28] F. Ben-Gal, F. Ruggeri, F. Faltin and R. Kenett, ?Bayesian Networks?. Encyclopedia of Statistics in Quality and Reliability. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, pp. 1-6, 2007.
  [29] T. Taylora, C. Ololab, C. Valimc, T. Agbenyegad, P. Kremsnere, S. Krishnaf, D. Kwiatkowskig, C. Newton, M. Missinoue, M. Pinderi, D. Wypij, ?Standardized Data Collection for Multi-Center Clinical Studies of Severe Malaria in African Children: Establishing the SMAC Network?. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. Vol.100(7), pp. 615?622, July, 2006.

  Citation
  Solomon Osarumwense Alile, "Application of Bayesian Networks in Early Diagnosis of Cerebral Malaria and Mosquito-Borne Diseases Based on Observed Symptoms," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.6, Issue.6, pp.1-14, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals concentration in Sediment of the Shitalakhya River

  Kalimur Rahman, Saurav Barua, Shahidul Alam, Akramul Alam

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp.15-20, Jun-2020

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The study investigates the pollution status of sediment of the Shitalakhya River, Bangladesh. The sediment sample have been collected from five sampling sites of Shitalakshya river and those are analyzed to determine the concentrations of Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu). Samples are digested by aqua regia and analysis is performed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Average concentration of Pb, Ni, Cr and Cu have been found 13.29, 22.98, 32.68 and 18.46 mg/kg in sediments respectively. Based on USEPA sediment quality guideline, the sediment samples are not polluted by Pb, however, slightly polluted by Cr, Cu and Ni. Different pollution indices, such as, metal pollution index and Degree of contamination index have also been analysed to identify the pollution status according to various index. Also, the principal component and cluster analysis have been performed. The Risk index suggests that the sediments have low potential risk. Only one principle component was found and all metals have strong correlation to sediment sample contaminants. The Cluster analysis suggests that sediments of Kachpur Bridge (S-2), Shadur Ghat (S-3) and Nabiganj (S-3) are similar and South Rupshi (S-1) and Nabiganj (S-2) are similar based on tested heavy metal contamination

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Sediment of Shitalkhya river, heavy metal contamination, Metal pollution index, Degree of contamination index, Ecological risk assessment

  References
  [1] M.S. Islam, M.K. Ahmed, M. Raknuzzaman, M. Habibullah-Al-Mamun, and M.K. Islam, ?Heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment: a preliminary assessment of an urban river in a developing country,? Ecological indicators, Vol. 48, pp. 282-291, 2015.
  [2] G. Zhang, J. Bai, R. Xiao, Q. Zhao, J. Jia, B. Cui, and X. Liu, ?Heavy metal fractions and ecological risk assessment in sediments from urban, rural and reclamation-affected rivers of the Pearl River Estuary,? China. Chemosphere, Vol. 184, pp.278-288, 2017.
  [3] M.S. Bhuyan, M.A. Bakar, A. Akhtar, M.B. Hossain, M.M. Ali and M.S. Islam, ?Heavy metal contamination in surface water and sediment of the Meghna River, Bangladesh,? Environmental nanotechnology, monitoring & management, Vol. 8, pp. 273-279, 2017.
  [4] P.B. Tchounwou, C.G. Yedjou, A.K. Patlolla and D.J. Sutton, ?Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. In Molecular, clinical and environmental toxicology?, Springer, Basel, pp. 133-164, 2012.
  [5] C.T. Vu, C. Lin, C.C. Shern, G. Yeh and H.T. Tran, ?Contamination, ecological risk and source apportionment of heavy metals in sediments and water of a contaminated river in Taiwan?, Ecological indicators, Vol. 82, pp. 32-42, 2017.
  [6] S. Banerjee, A. Kumar, S.K. Maiti and A. Chowdhury, ?Seasonal variation in heavy metal contaminations in water and sediments of Jamshedpur stretch of Subarnarekha river, India,? Environmental earth sciences, Vol. 75, No. 3, pp. 265, 2016.
  [7] M.S. Rahman, N. Saha, A.H. Molla and S.M. Al-Reza, ?Assessment of anthropogenic influence on heavy metals contamination in the aquatic ecosystem components: water, sediment, and fish?, Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 353-373, 2014.
  [8] M.A. Ahsan, F. Satter, M.A.B. Siddique, M.A. Akbor, S. Ahmed, M. Shajahan and R. Khan, ?Chemical and physicochemical characterization of effluents from the tanning and textile industries in Bangladesh with multivariate statistical approach?, Environmental monitoring and assessment, Vol. 191, No. 9, pp. 575, 2019.
  [9] S.M.D. Islam and G. Azam, ?Seasonal variation of physicochemical and toxic properties in three major rivers; Shitalakhya, Buriganga and Turag around Dhaka city. Bangladesh?, J. Bio. Environ. Sci, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp.120-131, 2015.
  [10] R.M. Chowdhury, A.A. Ankon and M.K. Bhuiyan, ?Water Quality Index (WQI) of Shitalakshya River near Haripur Power Station, Narayanganj, Bangladesh?, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Civil Engineering for Sustainable Development (ICCESD 2020), KUET, Khulna, Bangladesh (ISBN-978-984-34-8764-3), 7-9 February 2020.
  [11] H.I. Pia, M. Akhter, S. Sarker, M. Hassan and A.B.M.S. Rayhan, ?Contamination Level (Water Quality) Assessment and Agroecological Risk Management of Shitalakhya River of Dhaka, Bangladesh?, Hydrology Current Res, Vol. 9, No. 292, pp. 2, 2018.
  [12] M.B. Rahman, M.M. Islam, M. Ruma and M.M. Rahman, ?Effects of Environmental Condition on Spatial-temporal Changes of Fish Diversity and Morphology of Shitalakshya River?, Ecologia, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp.38-49, 2020.
  [13] M. K. Rahman, ?Assessment of heavy metal contamination of sediments of some polluted rivers?, M.Sc. Thesis, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, 2011.
  [14] J. Usero, E. Gonzalez-Regalado, I. Gracia, ?Trace metals in the bivalve mollusks from the Atlantic Coast of Southern Spain?, Environ. Int. Vol. 23, pp. 291?298, 1997.
  [15] L. Hakanson, ?An Ecological Risk Index for Aquatic Pollution Control. A Sedimentological Approach?, Water Res. Vol. 14, pp. 975?1001, 1980.
  [16] J.M. Martin and M. Meybeck, ?Elemental Mass-Balance of Material Carried by Major World Rivers?, Marine Chemistry, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 173-206, 1979. doi: 10.1016/0304-4203(79)90039-2.
  [17] D. Tomlinson, J. Wilson, C.R. Harris, D.W. Jeffrey, ?Problems in Assessment of Heavy Metals in Estuaries and the Formation of Pollution Index?, Helgoland Marine Research, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 566-575, 1980. DOI: 10.1007/BF02414780
  [18] B. T. Sany, A.H. Sulaiman, G.H. Monazami, and A. Salleh, ?Assessment of Sediment Quality According To Heavy Metal Status in the West Port of Malaysia?, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 74, pp-639-643, 2011.

  Citation
  Kalimur Rahman, Saurav Barua, Shahidul Alam, Akramul Alam, "Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals concentration in Sediment of the Shitalakhya River," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.6, Issue.6, pp.15-20, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Utilizing Food Waste as a Valuable Feedstock for Clean Energy

  R.N. Singh, Tashmeer Khan, Shravan Yadav

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp.21-27, Jun-2020

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  On an average in India food waste of about 67 million tons is created, which is worth about 92,000 crore Indian rupees. Proper treatment of this waste will reduce adverse impacts on land, soil, water and atmosphere. According to one of the studies, India wastes about 40% of their food prepared every year. This waste is a very rich source of protein, carbohydrate, oil, mineral and fat, which could be converted into value added products such as compost, bio-ethanol etc by using well-defined technologies. Considering the characteristics of food waste a compost bin was designed and developed, which would be suitable for an Indian household kitchen to provide odor free, ergonomic in nature and visually appealing compost. Studies have revealed that about 30 days are required to convert food waste into compost using bio-culture. Concentrations of bio-culture in Food waste plays a very important role in deciding the composting period. By maintaining 1: 100 ratio of bio-culture and Food waste, good quality compost could be prepared through anaerobic composting. Although, food waste could be converted into compost either by aerobic system or anaerobic process, the anaerobic process gives better conversion efficiency (83.33%) and consumes less time compared to the aerobic process. About 10 kg of good quality compost could be obtained from 12 kg food waste. It is also observed that leachate obtained from food waste could be successfully converted into bio-ethanol with 95% purity. The generated bio-ethanol had energy content of about 28.263 MJ/kg.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Food waste, Bio-culture, Composting, Bio-ethanol, Clean Energy

  References
  [1] J. Gustavsson, C. Cederberg, U Sonesson, R. Van Otterdijk, A. Meybeck (2011). Global food losses and food waste: extent causes and prevention. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  [2] N. B. D. Thi, G. Kumar, C. Y. Lin (2015). An overview of food waste management in developing countries: current status and future perspective. J Environ Manage (2015); 157: 200-209.
  [3] A. B. Yangyang Li, JinhuiLia YiyingJina, Yixing Chena, Yingyi Gongc, Yuezhong Lid ˈ Jinfeng Zhangd Current situation and development of kitchen waste treatment in China, The Tenth International Conference on Waste Management and Technology (ICWMT), Procedia Environmental Sciences 31, PP: 40 ? 49.
  [4] CleanindiaJournal.com, Nov.2019 (http://vis.cleanindiajournal.com/emag/2019/nov/mobile/ index.html).
  [5] Paritosh Kunwar, Sandeep K. Kushwaha, Monika Yadav, Nidhi Pareek, Aakash Chawade, and Vivekanand (2007). Food Waste to Energy: An Overview of Sustainable Approaches for Food Waste Management and Nutrient Recycling Volume (2017), Article ID 2370927.
  [6] Ishangulyyev Rovshen, Kim Sanghyo, and Hyeon Lee Sang (2019). Understanding Food Loss and Waste?Why Are We Losing and Wasting Food? Foods 2019, 8(8),297; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8080297.
  [7] M. K. Manua, R. Kumarb, A.Gargc (2016). Drum Composting of Food Waste: A Kinetic Study, International Conference on Solid Waste Management, 5IconSWM 2015, Procedia Environmental Sciences 35, 456 ? 463.
  [8] Hardik Patel and Hitesh Solanki (2018). Government Initiatives and Activities to combat the issues of Municipal Solid Waste Management in India. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.6 (5): 2321-9637.
  [9] Sachin Jayaprakash, H. S. Lohit and B. S. Abhilash (2018). Design and Development of Compost Bin for Indian Kitchen, Jayaprakash et al., Int J Waste Resource, 8:1 DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.100032.
  [10] National Policy on Bio-fuels 2018. Ministry of petroleum and Natural gas, Government of India. petroleum.nic.in ? national-policy-biofuel-2018.
  [11] Muhammad Waqas, Mohammad Rehan, Muhammad Daud Khan, and Abdul-Sattar Nizami (2019) Conversion of Food Waste to Fermentation Products, Book Chapter in the book Encyclopedia of Food Security and Sustainability. DOI:
  10.1016/B978-0-08-100596-5.22294-4
  [12] M. A. Cousin (1980)Converting Food Processing Wastes into Food or Feed Through Microbial Fermentation, Book Chapter in the book, Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes, Vol. 4,pp: 31-65.
  [13] A. S. Erses, T. T. Onay, & O. Yenigun (2008). Comparison of aerobic and anaerobic degradation of municipal solid waste in bioreactor landfills. Bio resource technology.
  [14] M Baptista, F Antunes, M Souteiro Gon?alves, B Morvan, A Silveira (2010). Composting kinetics in full-scale mechanical?biological treatment plants. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), 30 (10): 1908-1921.
  [15] Devangi Patel, Mahesh Kumar, S. M. Usman (2018). A Review on Preparation of Compost Using Bio-Culture from Different Organic Wastes and Assessment of Growth of Vegetable Plant, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Issue 3 (7).
  [16] Nitika Shukla, Shelja K. Juneja (2016). Kitchen Waste Composting: A Sustainable Waste Management Technique, International Journal of Recent Research and Review, Vol. IX (1).
  [17] Tasmeer Khan (2019). Feasibility Study on Composting of Food Waste?, M Tech. thesis submitted at School of Energy and Environmental Studies, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore (unpublished).
  [18] R N Singh, Jagdish Damor (2019). Feasibility Study of Mahua (Madhuca Indica) Fruit Pulp as a Feedstock for Bioalcohol Industry. Journal of Alternate Energy Sources and Technologies-STM Journal. 10(1), PP: 32?35.
  [19] R. N. Singh, R. K. Yadav (2019). Optimization of Operational Parameters for Production of Bio-ethanol from Red Gram Straw (2019). Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies; 10(2): 1?8p.
  [20] R N Singh and Shravan Yadav (2020), ?Optimization of Operational Parameters for Production of Bio-Ethanol from Soybean Straw? International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol.6 (1), pp: pp.66-70, Feb-2020. Publisher, ISROSET, Indore, India.

  Citation
  R.N. Singh, Tashmeer Khan, Shravan Yadav, "Utilizing Food Waste as a Valuable Feedstock for Clean Energy," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.6, Issue.6, pp.21-27, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Pattern of Household Expenditure and Utilization of Remittances in Households with Rural Out-migrant in Balasore District of Odisha, India

  Nihar Ranjan Rout, Manoja Kumar Panda

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp.28-33, Jun-2020

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Despite its abundant natural resources, Odisha is one of the poorest states of India with a high out-migration rate, where remittances can play a great role in the process of poverty reduction and changing consumption patterns in the rural areas. Over the years, there has been a substantial change in the pattern of household expenditure in India, which is considered to be a key measure of economic status or standard of living of the people. The current paper attempted to study the nature of expenditure in selected households in rural areas of Balasore district of Odisha and examine the receipt and utilization of remittances by the migrants? households in the study area. For the purpose, data were collected through a semi-structured interview schedule from 500 respondents selected through a multistage sampling process. The data suggested that both average annual spending on various items and money available among the households with out-migrants were much more than those without out-migrants. As such, the annual spending and cash in hand at the time of interview were 33% and 63% more respectively, for the migrants? households than their counterparts, which indicated an improvement in the socio-economic condition of the households, as a result of migration. Further, the proportion of non-food expenditure was more in case of households with out-migrant. Moreover, the pattern of receiving and utilizing the remittances also signified a positive change in the lives of left behind families in the rural areas of Odisha.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Migration, Left behind, Expenditure, Remittances, Rural

  References
  [1] A. Chai, N. Rohde, J. Silber, ?Measuring the diversity of household spending patterns?, Journal of Economic Surveys, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 423-440, 2015
  [2] R. Yakubu, I.M. Abbas, ?National poverty eradication programme (NAPEP) and poverty alleviation in rural Nigeria: a case study of Giwa local government area of Kaduna state?, European Scientific Journal, Vol. 8, No. 18, pp. 90-103, 2012
  [3] B. Maharana, L. Ladusingh, ?Household Age Composition and Household Expenditure for Food and Healthcare in India?, Social Science Spectrum, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 90-104, 2016
  [4] S. Mehrotra, J. Parida, S. Sinha, A. Gandhi, ?Explaining Employment Trends in the Indian Economy: 1993-4 to 2011-12?, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 49, No. 32, pp. 49-57, 2014
  [5] J.K. Parida, S.K. Mohanty, K. Ravi Raman, ?Remittances, Household Expenditure and Investment in Rural India: Evidence from NSS data?, Indian Economic Review, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 79-104, 2015
  [6] S. Gupta, K. Singh, ?An Analysis of Changing Rural-Urban Consumption Pattern in India?, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. 21, No. 9, pp. 56-71, 2016
  [7] C.H.H. Rao, ?Declining Demand for Food-grains in Rural India: Causes and Implications?, Economic & Political Weekly, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 201-206, 2000
  [8] S.K. Mohanty, M. Dubey, J.K. Parida, ?Economic wellbeing and spending behaviour of households in India: does remittances matter??, Migration and Development, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 38-53, 2014
  [9] M. Celinkutty, ?Consumption Expenditure Pattern of Scheduled caste households of Kerala: A study of Idukki district?, Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Applied Economics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 2003
  [10] P.O. Adekola, A.A. Allen, A. Olawole-Isaac, M.A. Akanbi, O. Adewumi, ?Unemployment in Nigeria; A Challenge of Demographic Change??, International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 1-9, 2016
  [11] S.K. Mohanty, S.R. Mohapatra, A. Kastor, A.K. Singh, B. Mahapatra, ?Does Employment-Related Migration Reduce Poverty in India??, International Migration & Integration, Vol. 17, pp. 761?784, 2016
  [12] K. Imran, E.S. Devadason, K-C. Cheong, ?Do Migrant Remittances Reduce Poverty? Micro-Level Evidence from Punjab, Pakistan?, Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 19?47, 2018
  [13] M. Kamal, E.A. Rana, ?Do Internal And International Remittances Affect Households? Expenditure And Asset Accumulation Differently? Evidence from Bangladesh?, The Journal of Developing Areas, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 139-153, 2019
  [14] M. Arun, P.G. Chengappa, B.N. Pradeep Babu, C.G. Yadav, ?Is Change In Consumption Pattern Towards High-Value Commodities Driving Production Diversification In India??, International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 45, pp. 4740-4746, 2017
  [15] N. Sethi, H.K. Pradhan, ?The Patterns of Consumption Expenditure in Rural Households of Western Odisha of India: An Engel Ratio Analysis?, OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 05, No. 04, pp. 107-128, 2012
  [16] N.R. Rout, R. Senapati, ?Linking migration with the decision-making power of women in India: A micro level study?, The Ahfad Journal: Women and Change, Vol. 28 No. 1, pp. 4-34, 2011
  [17] R.H. Adams, A. Cuecuecha, ?Remittances, Household Expenditure and Investment in Guatemala?, World Development, Vol. 20, pp. 1-16, 2010
  [18] J. Ahmed, M. Mughal, I. Martinez-Zarzoso, ?They earn and send; we spend: consumption patterns of Pakistani migrant households?, International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 45, No. 7, pp. 1092-1108, 2018

  Citation
  Nihar Ranjan Rout, Manoja Kumar Panda, "Pattern of Household Expenditure and Utilization of Remittances in Households with Rural Out-migrant in Balasore District of Odisha, India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.6, Issue.6, pp.28-33, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Morphological Study of Variations in the Shape of Suprascapular Notch and Superior Transverse Scapular Ligaments in Dry Human Scapulae

  Suresh Sharma, Upendra Kumar Gupta

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp.34-36, Jun-2020

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The scapula is a flat triangular bone and superior border of scapula presents a notch called the suprascapular notch and notch is converted into a foramen and suprascapular nerve passes through the suprascapular foramen and this nerve could be compressed due to variations in the shape of the suprascapular notch. Suprascapular nerve entrapment neuropathy characterized by vague pain on the posterolateral aspect of the shoulder joint. Present study was conducted on 104 human dried human scapulae and different shapes of suprascapular notches on superior border of scapula were observed. We found that 46 (44.2%) scapulae with U shaped suprascapular notch higest in number while only 4(3.8%) scapulae notch converting into suprascapular foramen. These variations could be kept in mind during surgical or arthroscopic shoulder procedure to prevent suprascapular nerve injuries

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Scapula, suprascapular notch, suprascapular foramen, suprascapular nerve

  References
  [1] Standring S, ?Pectoral girdle and upper limb? in Gray?s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practices,Johnson D & Collins P. , Eds. Churchill Livingtone, NewYork, USA, 40th edition, 2008. pp.793-821.
  [2] Khan MA. Complete ossification of the superior transversescapular ligament in an Indian male adult. Int J Morphol 2006;24:195-6.
  [3] Polguj M, Sibinski M, Grzegorzewski A. Variation in morphology of suprascapular notch as a factor of suprascapular entrapment. Intl Orthop 2013; 37(11): 2185-92.
  [4] Rengachary SS, Burr D, Lucas S, et al. Suprascapular entrapment neuropathy: a clinical, anatomical, & comparative study. Part 2: anatomical study. Neurosurgery 1979; 5(4):44751
  [5] Suprascapular Neuropathy by Thomas H Trojian et al. Available from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/92672-overview#a0106 Accessed May 30th, 2014.
  [6] Iqbal, K.1, Iqbal, R. and Khan, SG. Anatomical variations in shape of suprascapular notch of scapula.J. Morphol. Sci., 2010, vol. 27, no. 1, p. 1- 2
  [7] S.R. Sinkeet, K.O. Awori, P.O. Odula, J.A. Ogeng`o, P.M. Mwachaka. The suprascapular notch: its morphology and distance from the glenoid cavity in a Kenyan population. Folia Morphol. Vol. 69, No. 4, pp. 241?245
  [8] Paolo Albino, Stefano Carbone, Vittorio Candela, Valerio Arceri, Anna Rita Vestri and Stefano Gumina. Morphometric of the suprascapular notch: correlation with scapular dimensions and clinical relevance.Albino et al. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2013, 14:172
  [9] Krishna Gopal, Alok Kumar Choudhary, Jolly Agarwal, Virendra Kumar. Variations in suprascapular notch morphology and its clinical importance. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences Gopal K et al. Int J Res Med Sci. 2015 Jan;3(1):301-306
  [10] S. Vedha, K. Vidulatha. A Morphological Study of Suprascapular Notch and Incidence of Ossification of Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament in South Indian Dry Scapula. Int.J Cur Res Rev | Vol.9 Issue 13 July 2017
  [11] G. Manoj Kumar Reddy, C. Siddaramulu. Morphological Variations of the Human Suprascapular Notch in the Rayalseema Zone of South India and its Surgical Implications. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research ISSN (Online): 2393-915X; (Print): 2454-7379 | ICV (2015): 77.83 | Volume 4 | Issue 2 | February 2017

  Citation
  Suresh Sharma, Upendra Kumar Gupta, "Morphological Study of Variations in the Shape of Suprascapular Notch and Superior Transverse Scapular Ligaments in Dry Human Scapulae," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.6, Issue.6, pp.34-36, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Some Additional Generating Functions for The Generalized Hypergeometric Polynomials of Three Variables

  B.K. Singh

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp.37-45, Jun-2020

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  In this paper, an effort has been done to simplify some additional generating functions for the generalized hypergeometric polynomial set Rn(X1,X2,X3) followed by important and interesting particular cases. Out of these particular results some of them stand for well known polynomial and some of them are believed to be new. Those additional generating functions are of at most important for mathematicians, scientists and engineers.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Additional generating function, Lauricella function, Generalized hypergeometric function

  References
  [1] R.K. Singh, B.K. Singh, ?Unification and Application of Certain Hypergeometric Polynomials of Three Variables?, Int. J. of Scientific Research in Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Vol.7, Issue 2,e.ISSN:2348-4519,pp.122-131. April 2020.
  [2] J.L. Burchnall, T. W. Chaundy, ?Expansions of Appell?s double hypergeometric functions-II, Quarterly J. Math., Oxford, 12, pp.112-128,1941.
  [3] P. N. Srivastava, ?Classical polynomiuls-A unified presentation pub? Inst. Math. (Beograd) (N.S.) tome 23(37), pp.167-177, 1978.
  [4] K. N. Srivastava, ?Some polynomials related to the Laguerre polynomials?,J. Ind. Math. Vol. 28, 2, pp.43-50,1964.
  [5] E. D. Rainville, ?Generating functions for Bcsscl and related polynomials?,Canad. J. Math. 5, pp.245 (12), 1953.
  [6] P. Humbert, ?Some extensions of Pincherle`s polynomials? Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society, 39, pp.21-24.1920.
  [7] R. Panda, Thesis on ?A generalized polynomial An(x)? Banaras Hindu University, 1967.
  [8] F. Brafman, ?Some generating functions for Laguerre and Hermite polynomials. Canad. J. Math., 9, pp.180-187, 1957.

  Citation
  B.K. Singh, "Some Additional Generating Functions for The Generalized Hypergeometric Polynomials of Three Variables," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.6, Issue.6, pp.37-45, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Sustainable & Digital Agricultural Development: Powered by Information Technology Components and Management Sciences

  P.K. Paul, R.R. Sinha, Anil Bhuimalli Pappachan Baby, Ricardo Saavedra, Bashiru Aremu

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp.46-52, Jun-2020

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Information Technology is an important applied science and deals with various aspects of the information and technologies. Information Technology is very close with the Computing, Computer Science etc. The applications of Information Technology are there in almost all the fields and it is increasing in all the fields. There are many benefits of the Information Technology and therefore this trend is growing. Initially only in business and commerce, education and training Information Technology was applicable but it is now common in almost all the fields and agriculture is not exception to this. There are many areas and sectors in which Information Technology can be applicable effectively with suitable strategies. Information Technology is responsible for designing and development of the information systems. And regarding agriculture it is dedicated in agricultural information systems development only. The applications of Information Technology in agriculture have led an important subject called Agricultural Informatics. However this is also called as Agricultural Information Technology. Management also plays an important role in developing smart and dedicated agricultural systems. Sustainability is the need of the hour and there are many concerns on developing Sustainable Agriculture with IT and Management tools. This paper is conceptual in nature and deals with various aspects on IT and Management in respect of smarter and digital agricultural practices. Paper also emphasizes about the possible role of the academic institutions in developing such systems

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Information Technology, Information Systems, Agricultural Systems, Development, Horticulture, Sustainable Development etc

  References
  [1] Adetunji, K. E., & Joseph, M. K. (2018, August). Development of a Cloud-based Monitoring System using 4duino: Applications in Agriculture. In 2018 International Conference on Advances in Big Data, Computing and Data Communication Systems (icABCD) (pp. 4849-4854). IEEE.
  [2] Ahmad, T., Ahmad, S., & Jamshed, M. (2015, October). A knowledge based Indian agriculture: With cloud ERP arrangement. In 2015 International Conference on Green Computing and Internet of Things (ICGCIoT) (pp. 333-340). IEEE.
  [3] Aubert, B. A., Schroeder, A., & Grimaudo, J. (2012). IT as enabler of sustainable farming: An empirical analysis of farmers` adoption decision of precision agriculture technology. Decision support systems, 54(1), 510-520.
  [4] Babu, S. M., Lakshmi, A. J., & Rao, B. T. (2015, April). A study on cloud based Internet of Things: CloudIoT. In 2015 global conference on communication technologies (GCCT) (pp. 60-65). IEEE.
  [5] Balamurugan, S., Divyabharathi, N., Jayashruthi, K., Bowiya, M., Shermy, R. P., & Shanker, R. (2016). Internet of agriculture: Applying IoT to improve food and farming technology. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 3(10), 713-719.
  [6] Bauckhage, C., & Kersting, K. (2013). Data mining and pattern recognition in agriculture. KI-K?nstliche Intelligenz, 27(4), 313-324.
  [7] Channe, H., Kothari, S., & Kadam, D. (2015). Multidisciplinary model for smart agriculture using internet-of-things (IoT), sensors, cloud-computing, mobile-computing & big-data analysis. Int. J. Computer Technology & Applications, 6(3), 374-382.
  [8] Gill, S. S., Chana, I., & Buyya, R. (2017). IoT based agriculture as a cloud and big data service: the beginning of digital India. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing (JOEUC), 29(4), 1-23.
  [9] G?mez-Chabla, R., Real-Avil?s, K., Mor?n, C., Grijalva, P., & Recalde, T. (2019, January). IoT Applications in Agriculture: A Systematic Literature Review. In 2nd International Conference on ICTs in Agronomy and Environment (pp. 68-76). Springer, Cham.
  [10] Goraya, M. S., & Kaur, H. (2015). Cloud computing in agriculture. HCTL Open International Journal of Technology Innovations and Research (IJTIR), 16, 2321-1814.
  [11] Guardo, E., Di Stefano, A., La Corte, A., Sapienza, M., & Scat?, M. (2018). A fog computing-based iot framework for precision agriculture. Journal of Internet Technology, 19(5), 1401-1411.
  [12] Kamble, S. S., Gunasekaran, A., & Gawankar, S. A. (2020). Achieving sustainable performance in a data-driven agriculture supply chain: A review for research and applications. International Journal of Production Economics, 219, 179-194.
  [13] Kajol, R., & Akshay, K. K. (2018). Automated Agricultural Field Analysis and Monitoring System Using IOT. International Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic Business, 11(2), 17.
  [14] Khattab, A., Abdelgawad, A., & Yelmarthi, K. (2016, December). Design and implementation of a cloud-based IoT scheme for precision agriculture. In 2016 28th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM) (pp. 201-204). IEEE.
  [15] Liu, S., Guo, L., Webb, H., Ya, X., & Chang, X. (2019). Internet of Things monitoring system of modern eco-agriculture based on cloud computing. IEEE Access, 7, 37050-37058.
  [16] Manos, B., Polman, N., & Viaggi, D. (2011). Agricultural and environmental informatics, governance and management: Emerging research applications. Z. Andreopoulou (Ed.). IGI Global (701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA).
  [17] Na, A., & Isaac, W. (2016, January). Developing a human-centric agricultural model in the IoT environment. In 2016 International Conference on Internet of Things and Applications (IOTA) (pp. 292-297). IEEE.
  [18] Nandyala, C. S., & Kim, H. K. (2016). Green IoT agriculture and healthcare application (GAHA). International Journal of Smart Home, 10(4), 289-300.
  [19] Nayyar, A., & Puri, V. (2016). Smart farming: IoT based smart sensors agriculture stick for live temperature and moisture monitoring using Arduino, cloud computing & solar technology. In Proc. of The International Conference on Communication and Computing Systems (ICCCS-2016) (pp. 9781315364094-121).
  [20] Ojha, T., Misra, S., & Raghuwanshi, N. S. (2015). Wireless sensor networks for agriculture: The state-of-the-art in practice and future challenges. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 118, 66-84.
  [21] Othman, M. F., & Shazali, K. (2012). Wireless sensor network applications: A study in environment monitoring system. Procedia Engineering, 41, 1204-1210.
  [22] Ozdogan, B., Gacar, A., & Aktas, H. (2017). Digital agriculture practices in the context of agriculture 4.0. Journal of Economics Finance and Accounting, 4(2), 186-193.
  [23] Pau1, Prantosh Kumar Minakshi Ghosh, Dipak Chaterjee. (2014)Information Systems & Networks (ISN): Emphasizing Agricultural Information Networks with a case Study of AGRIS.Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences. 1 (1).
  [24] Paul, Prantosh Kumar (2013) Information and Knowledge Requirement for Farming and Agriculture Domain.International Journal of Soft Computing Bio Informatics4 (2), 80-84
  [25] Paul, Prantosh Kumar et.al. (2015) Agricultural Problems in India requiring solution through Agricultural Information Systems: Problems and Prospects in Developing Countries. International Journal of Information Science and Computing 2 (1), 33-40
  [26] Paul, Prantosh Kumar et.al. (2016). Cloud Computing and Virtualization in Agricultural Space: A Knowledge Survey. Palgo Journal of Agriculture, 4(2), 202-206
  [27] Paul, Prantosh Kumar et.al. (2015). Information and Communication Technology and Information: their role in Tea Cultivation and Marketing in the context of Developing Countries?A Theoretical Approach. Current Trends in Biotechnology and Chemical Research. 5 (2), 155-161
  [28] Rezn?k, T., Charv?t, K., Lukas, V., Charv?t Jr, K., Hor?kov?, ?., & Kepka, M. (2015, September). Open data model for (precision) agriculture applications and agricultural pollution monitoring. In EnviroInfo and ICT for Sustainability 2015. Atlantis Press.
  [29] TongKe, F. (2013). Smart agriculture based on cloud computing and IOT. Journal of Convergence Information Technology, 8(2).
  [30] Tsekouropoulos, G., Andreopoulou, Z., Koliouska, C., Koutroumanidis, T., & Batzios, C. (2013). Internet functions in marketing: multicriteria ranking of agricultural SMEs websites in Greece. Agr?rinformatika/journal of agricultural informatics, 4(2), 22-36.

  Citation
  P.K. Paul, R.R. Sinha, Anil Bhuimalli Pappachan Baby, Ricardo Saavedra, Bashiru Aremu, "Sustainable & Digital Agricultural Development: Powered by Information Technology Components and Management Sciences," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.6, Issue.6, pp.46-52, 2020