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• Open Access   Article

  Urbanization and its Impact on Birds of Prey in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria

  Isah O. Yakubu, Hangeior I. Stephen, Adzaagee J. Paul

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp.1-7, Mar-2024

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  Urbanization is rapidly altering ecosystems worldwide, presenting both challenges and opportunities for biodiversity conservation. Birds of prey, as top predators and indicators of environmental health, are particularly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances. This study investigates Urbanization and its impact on birds of prey in the Makurdi metropolis of Benue State, Nigeria, across several categories of land usage. The Timed Species Count technique was applied across various urban land-use types, including Highways, Residential areas, Tertiary institutions, Commercial centers, and the Airport. Diversity among avian species was assessed by means of the Shannon Diversity Index, Simpson`s Index, Gini-Simpson Diversity Index, and Pielou`s Evenness Index. Results indicate the occurrence of various, raptor species including the Lizard Buzzard, Black Kite, Marsh Harrier, African Goshawk, and Pearl Spotted Owlet. The Black Kite was the most abundant species, with the airport exhibiting the highest abundance of birds of prey. Infrastructure such as masts, electric poles, and rooftops were utilized by these birds for perching while tree species were used for nesting. Diversity indices varied across different land-use types, suggesting habitat-specific preferences among bird of prey species. It highlights the adaptability of some bird of prey species to urban environments, likely due to the availability of resources and nesting habitats. Although urbanization poses threats to biodiversity, birds of prey create new habitats within urban landscapes, contributing to their resilience. Understanding species habitat behavior is crucial for effective habitat management, conservation, and ecosystem preservation in the face of environmental changes. Urbanization influences the spatial arrangement and population size of raptors, with some species thriving in urban environments. The study underscores the importance of green spaces and noise levels in urban areas for avian diversity. Recommendations include the conservation of green areas and the implementation of measures to mitigate anthropogenic impacts on bird of prey populations.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Birds of Prey, Urbanization, Impact, Habitat disturbance, Diversity indices, Conservation, Raptors

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  Citation
  Isah O. Yakubu, Hangeior I. Stephen, Adzaagee J. Paul, "Urbanization and its Impact on Birds of Prey in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.3, pp.1-7, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Streamlining DepEd School Forms: Excel Automation for Simplified Teacher Workflows

  Cecille S. Monsalve

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp.8-18, Mar-2024

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  Abstract
  The Department of Education (DepEd) is dedicated to improving education and supporting educators` professional growth. However, teachers often deal with a significant administrative workload. In response, this research develops a system that simplifies the creation of school forms, utilizing technology to enhance efficiency in education. This follows a developmental methodology, aligning with the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method, encompassing seven stages: analysis, planning, design, testing, deployment, and maintenance. This systematic approach ensures that the resulting system is finely tuned to teachers` needs. The research produces a validated instrument reviewed by experts to evaluate the system`s efficacy and user-friendliness. Senior high school teachers assessed the system, and the results are promising. Respondents strongly favor automating various aspects of school forms, such as digital conversion, data integration, real-time validation, and more. The system receives high ratings for its usefulness and ease of use, significantly enhancing teachers` work efficiency. In conclusion, in line with the MATATAG agenda of the Department of Education to support teachers to teach better and to capacitate in utilizing technology to maximize the benefits of digital learning, this action research underscores the potential benefits of automating school forms, offering a practical solution for teachers to the administrative challenges. Innovation and technology can improve teachers` daily work, allowing them to focus more on teaching and lesson planning. This research recommends further innovations to simplify teacher workloads, provide ICT training, and potentially adapt the findings for application in other schools, extending the benefits of this innovative approach to a broader educational community.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  administrative workload, work simplification, DepEd school forms, automation, teaching-related tasks

  References
  [1]. M. Malipot, “Dig deeper into teachers’ working conditions not competencies, Senator told,” In the Proceedings of Manila Bulletin, Philippines, 2021.
  [2]. C. David, J. Albert, and J. Vizmanos, "Pressures on public school teachers," Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2019.
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  Citation
  Cecille S. Monsalve, "Streamlining DepEd School Forms: Excel Automation for Simplified Teacher Workflows," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.3, pp.8-18, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Investigating The Security and Privacy Issues in ChatGPT Usage and Their Impact on Organisational and Individual Security

  Polra Victor Falade

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp.19-30, Mar-2024

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  Abstract
  Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, particularly AI-driven chatbots, have become integral to modern communication and task automation. Among these, ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, has garnered significant attention as a widely accessible natural language processing chatbot. However, concerns regarding security and privacy have accompanied its widespread adoption. This research paper employs blog mining as a methodology to provide a comprehensive analysis of the security and privacy implications surrounding ChatGPT. By extracting insights from relevant blog posts, combined with an examination of existing literature, this study identifies inherent vulnerabilities within the platform and explores potential threats that could exploit these weaknesses. Specifically, the research highlights the risks associated with the mishandling of personal information, the susceptibility to cyber-attacks, and the broader implications for individual privacy and organizational security. Moreover, the paper offers insights into the regulatory landscape governing AI chatbots and suggests future research directions to address these challenges effectively. Ultimately, this study underscores the critical importance of implementing robust security measures and regulatory frameworks to mitigate the risks associated with AI-driven chatbots and ensure their responsible deployment in the digital age.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  ChatGPT, security issues, Privacy issues, OpenAI, AI, Vulnerabilities, threats

  References
  [1] S. Addington, “ChatGPT: Cyber Security Threats and Countermeasures,” pp.1–12, 2023.
  [2] M. Alawida, S. Mejri, A. Mehmood, B. Chikhaoui, and O. I. Abiodun, “A Comprehensive Study of ChatGPT?: Advancements, Limitations, and Ethical Considerations in Natural Language Processing and Cybersecurity,” Inf. J., 2023.
  [3] P. V. Falade, “Decoding the Threat Landscape?: ChatGPT, FraudGPT, and WormGPT in Social Engineering Attacks,” Int. Sci. Res. Comput. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., October 2023, doi: 10.32628/CSEIT2390533.
  [4] A. Qammar, H. Wang, J. Ding, A. Naouri, M. Daneshmand, and H. Ning, “Chatbots to ChatGPT in a Cybersecurity Space: Evolution, Vulnerabilities, Attacks, Challenges, and Future Recommendations,” J. Latex Cl. Files, Vol.14, No.8, pp.1–17, 2023.
  [5] G. Sebastian, “Do ChatGPT and Other AI Chatbots Pose a Cybersecurity Risk?? An Exploratory Study,” Int. J. Secur. Priv. Pervasive Comput., Vol.15, No.1, pp.1–11, 2023, doi: 10.4018/IJSPPC.320225.
  [6] M. M. Mijwil, M. Aljanabi, and A. H. Ali, “ChatGPT?: Exploring the Role of Cybersecurity in the Protection of Medical Information Intro to ChatGPT,” Mesopotamian J. Cybersecurity, vol. 2023, pp.18–21, 2023.
  [7] J. McGinnis, “Is ChatGPT Safe for Organizations to Use?,” 2023.
  [8] A. Hetler, “What is generative AI? Everything you need to know,” 2023.
  [9] M. V. Jaworski and C. H. Patel, “Your Employees Are Using ChatGPT and Other LLMs: Risks and Legal Implications of ChatGPT in the Workplace,” 2023.
  [10] P. Chanda, “Does ChatGPT Save Data? What You Need to Know (2023),” 2023.
  [11] C. Mauran, “ChatGPT rolls out important privacy options,” 2023.
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  [13] R. Neubauer, “Do Free AI Tools Pose a Security Risk to Your Business?” 2023.
  [14] M. Malik, “Technical and Legal Risks of ChatGPT: How prepared are we with Laws on AI?” 2023.
  [15] M. T. Renaud, M. McConihe, and N. Liu, “Nothing for free – the real costs of ChatGPT,” 2023.
  [16] S. S. Mustufa, “ChatGPT and Data Privacy,” 2023.
  [17] D. C and P. J, “ChatGPT and large language models: what’s the risk?” 2023.
  [18] G. WU, “8 Big Problems With OpenAI’s ChatGPT,” 2023.
  [19] C. Zakrzewski, “FTC investigates OpenAI over data leak and ChatGPT’s inaccuracy,” 2023.
  [20] M. K. Nagothu, “Integrating ChatGPT & Generative AI Within Cybersecurity Best Practices,” 2023.
  [21] K. Gilani, “Is ChatGPT Safe? 3 Hidden Risks and 5 Pro Tips (July 2023),” 2023.
  [22] Aparna, “ChatGPT: Analyzing the Security Risks and Ensuring User Safety,” 2023.
  [23] Aljazeera, “OpenAI launches business version of ChatGPT after blowback over privacy,” 2023.
  [24] F. L. Somoye, “Is ChatGPT safe? Security and privacy risks considered,” 2023.
  [25] M. Dixit, “ChatGPT’s incognito mode? Users can disable chat history to protect data,” 2023.
  [26] T. Jackson, “Exploring The Security Risks Of Generative AI,” 2023.
  [27] C. Castro, “ChatGPT: a privacy nightmare?” 2023.
  [28] A. Zacharakos, “ChatGPT users at risk for credential theft,” 2023.
  [29] J. D. Neuburger, “ChatGPT Risks and the Need for Corporate Policies,” 2023.
  [30] M. Burgess, “ChatGPT Has a Plugin Problem,” 2023.
  [31] P. Wagenseil, “Security risks of ChatGPT and other AI text generators,” 2023.
  [32] A. News, “How Googlers cracked OpenAI’s ChatGPT with a single word,” 2023.
  [33] M. Jackson, “Why ChatGPT is a security concern for your organization (even if you don’t use it),” 2023.
  [34] G. Moody, “ChatGPT Is a Privacy Disaster Waiting To Happen, Find Out Why,” 2023.
  [35] C. Rodrigues, “The Risks of Using ChatGPT to Write Client-Side Code,” 2023.
  [36] C. Thorbecke, “Don’t tell anything to a chatbot you want to keep private,” 2023.
  [37] TREND, “4M Accounts Compromised in #LilyCollinsHack: Fake ChatGPT Apps & Websites Alert,” 2023.
  [38] C. P. Team, “New ChatGPT4.0 Concerns: A Market for Stolen Premium Accounts,” 2023.
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  Citation
  Polra Victor Falade, "Investigating The Security and Privacy Issues in ChatGPT Usage and Their Impact on Organisational and Individual Security," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.3, pp.19-30, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  A New Record of Stick Insect Trachythorax sparaxis (Westwood, 1859) from Tamilnadu, India

  Selvaraj Selvamurugan

  Survey Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp.31-33, Mar-2024

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  Abstract
  Westwood depicted Trachythorax sparaxes in 1859 considering the two sexes from Sri Lanka. It is found in India and Sri Lanka. Trachythorax sparaxes is a sorts of stick bug, in the family Trachythorax. It is appointed a creature bunch in the family Diapheromeridae. A new record of Trachythorax sparaxis from Ariyalur area, Tamilnadu. This note given a scatterings and regular discernment.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  First record, new distribution, Trachythorax genus, south India

  References
  [1] Bresseel j, constant j. Review of the Oriental stick insect genus Trachythorax Redenbacher, 1908 with two new species from Vietnam and comments on egg parasitism and morphological counteradaptations (Phasmida, Lonchodidae, Necrosciinae). Belgian Journal of Entomology, Vol.120, pp.1–56, 2021.
  [2] Mandals. K , Yadav k. Some phasmida (stick and leaf insects) of India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India Occasional Paper No.318, pp.1–64, 2010.
  [3] Otte, D. Brock, P. Phasmid Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the World, Publisher,The Insect Diversity Association and the Academy of Natural Sciences,. 2nd Edition. pp.1-414, 2005.
  [4] Srinivasan, G., Sureshan, P.M., Suresh Chand, D., Das, S. and Mukherjee, T.K. A Checklist of Phasmida from India. Version 1.0. Online publication is available at www.zsi.gov.in (Last update: March 2018), pp.1-35, 2019.
  [5] Westwood, J.O. Catalogus of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I Phasmidae. Publisher British Museum, London, Vol.39, pp.1-195, 1859.

  Citation
  Selvaraj Selvamurugan, "A New Record of Stick Insect Trachythorax sparaxis (Westwood, 1859) from Tamilnadu, India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.3, pp.31-33, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Analysis of Rainfall Trend and its Relationship with Sorghum Yield in Sudan Savanna Region of Nigeria

  Ariko Joseph D., Ikpe Elisha, Sawa Bulus A.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp.34-44, Mar-2024

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  Abstract
  This research analysed rainfall trend and its relationship with the yield of sorghum in Sudan Savanna region of Nigeria by examining the trends of rainfall, crop yield and relate annual rainfall trend with length of the growing season. Rainfall data (1956-2018) were sourced from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet). The data were used to characterise the climate of the study area. Pearson’s correlation was employed to show the relationship between rainfall and sorghum yield. The result shows increase in annual rainfall in Bauchi, Gusau, Kano, and Yola polygons while there was a decrease in annual rainfall in Katsina, Potiskum and Sokoto polygons. In terms of trend, there was a relatively early rainfall onset dates in all the Thiessen polygons with exception of Bauchi and Yola area where rainfall onset date changes insignificantly toward early pattern. There was also a decline in rainfall cessation in Bauchi, Gusau, Kano, Katsina and Sokoto Thiessen polygons within the study period. The Pearson’s correlation indicates a significant relationship between annual rainfall and sorghum yield in the study areas with an average P-value of 0.71 which indicates a strong and positive relationship. The study therefore recommends sensitization of sorghum farmers on the relationship between sorghum and rainfall and the need to adopt variety of sorghum that can endure drought as a way of reducing the possible crop loss due to rainfall variability since rainfall show high variability.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Agriculture, Sudan Savanna, Rainfall, Trend, Sorghum, Yield

  References
  [1] P. A. O. Odjugo, “Climate change and sustainable development in Nigeria: Analysis of climate change awareness in Nigeria”. Ibadan: Crown Publishers, pp. 23-32, 2012.
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  Citation
  Ariko Joseph D., Ikpe Elisha, Sawa Bulus A., "Analysis of Rainfall Trend and its Relationship with Sorghum Yield in Sudan Savanna Region of Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.3, pp.34-44, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Recent Advances in Nanotechnology-Based Formulations for Curcumin Delivery

  Sachin Sharma, R.K. Roy

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp.45-52, Mar-2024

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Curcumin, extracted from the turmeric plant, demonstrates notable therapeutic potential such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Nonetheless, its clinical utility is hindered by limited bioavailability. In recent years, nanotechnology-based formulations have emerged as a transformative approach to address this challenge and enhance the delivery of curcumin. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in nanotechnology-based formulations for curcumin delivery. The first section delves into various nanoparticle formulations, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and micelles, highlighting their structures and discussing advantages and limitations in curcumin delivery. The subsequent section focuses on transferosomes, emphasizing their unique characteristics in facilitating transdermal curcumin delivery. Additionally, the review explores combination therapies involving curcumin and other agents within nanocarrier systems, such as the synergistic effects observed with piperine. Targeted delivery systems represent another key aspect, with an examination of recent developments in delivering curcumin to specific tissues or cells using nanocarriers. Surface modifications, designed to enhance the stability and bioavailability of curcumin-loaded nanocarriers, are discussed in a dedicated section. Furthermore, the potential and challenges of intranasal delivery for curcumin using nanotechnology-based formulations are explored. The review concludes by addressing current challenges in the clinical translation of nanotechnology-based curcumin formulations and proposing future perspectives for advancing this field. The integration of nanotechnology into curcumin delivery holds significant promise for unlocking the full therapeutic potential of this natural compound.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Curcumin, Nanotechnology, Drug Delivery, Transferosomes, Combination Therapy

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  Citation
  Sachin Sharma, R.K. Roy, "Recent Advances in Nanotechnology-Based Formulations for Curcumin Delivery," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.3, pp.45-52, 2024