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• Open Access   Article

  Experimental Studies of Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Mango (Mangifera Indica) Leaves-Based Nanofluid

  I. Labe, E. Barki, C. Mbakaan

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.5 , pp.1-6, Oct-2022

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  Abstract
  The production of metallic oxide-based nanofluid for thermal conductivity enhancement in engineering equipment is faced with challenges of the high cost of production and toxicity among others. The use of mango (Mangifera indica) leaves, a bio-material for the production of nanofluid for thermal conductivity enhancement has been investigated. Mango leaves were collected, sun-dried and milled into nanoparticles. The mango leaves nanoparticles were sonicated in de-ionized water after a stability test was carried out. Low volume fractions of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% were used for the experiment. The thermal conductivity of the various volume fractions was determined using KD2 pro which works on transient hot wire process while the AND Vibro viscometer (up 200S) with a measuring range of 0.3 – 1000 mpa.s was used to determining the viscosity of the fluid. The effect of concentration, temperature, and viscosity on thermal conductivity was also determined for a temperature range of 100C to 450C. The result indicates that the thermal conductivity increases non-linearly as the temperature and concentration of the respective volume fractions increase. It also shows that the thermal conductivity increases as the viscosity decreases. The thermal conductivity enhancement of 5.5% was observed for a volume fraction of 0.5%.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Concentration, Mangifera indica, Nanoparticles, Thermal conductivity, Volume fractions, Viscosity.

  References
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  Citation
  I. Labe, E. Barki, C. Mbakaan, "Experimental Studies of Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Mango (Mangifera Indica) Leaves-Based Nanofluid," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.5, pp.1-6, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  K X-Ray Intensity Ratio and Total Vacancy Transfer Probability of As Following EC in Se75*

  L.F.M. Anand

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.5 , pp.7-11, Oct-2022

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  Abstract
  K X-ray photons of arsenic following orbital electron capture in Se75* radio isotope is been systematically measured by employing a simple nearly 2? – geometrical configuration. Characteristic K X-ray photons have been detected using a low energy Si (Li) detector and a PC based MCA. After suitable corrections, K X-ray intensity ratio of arsenic is calculated. Total vacancy transfer probability is computed from the former and fluorescence yield from Hubbell data tables. The K X-ray intensity of arsenic in the present work is compared with others’ values obtained by different techniques and with the theoretical values of Scofield. An uncertainty of less than 2% is been reported. The uncertainty is possibly due to the Coulomb exchange interaction amongst electrons involved in the shake-up process in the decaying nucleus.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  K X-ray intensity ratio, 2?-geometry, total vacancy transfer probability.

  References
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  Citation
  L.F.M. Anand, "K X-Ray Intensity Ratio and Total Vacancy Transfer Probability of As Following EC in Se75*," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.5, pp.7-11, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Superposition Model Analysis of Cr3+ ions Doped CSA at Orthorhombic Symmetry Site

  Ram Kripal

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.5 , pp.12-15, Oct-2022

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  Abstract
  Superposition model (SPM) is employed to determine zero field splitting (ZFS) parameters (ZFSPs) and crystal field parameters (CFPs) of Cr3+ doped Cs2NaAl3F12 (CSA). Substitutional and interstitial sites for Cr3+ ion in CSA crystal and distortion are taken into consideration for computation. The ZFSPs thus obtained are in good agreement with the experimental values when distortion is incorporated. The optical energy band positions for Cr3+ in CAS are calculated using CFPs determined from SPM and CFA package. The results show that Cr3+ ions substitute CAS lattice at Al3+ sites.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Superposition model; Crystal field: zero-field splitting; Optical spectroscopy; Cr3+ ions in CSA.

  References
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  Citation
  Ram Kripal, "Superposition Model Analysis of Cr3+ ions Doped CSA at Orthorhombic Symmetry Site," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.5, pp.12-15, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  A Classification of Integral Equations of the Fredholm Type

  Kanee Goodfaith Leyira, J.O. Okai, I.M. Waziri, Isah Abdullahi, Edicha Friday

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.5 , pp.16-19, Oct-2022

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  Abstract
  In this study examined the classification of the Integral Equations as pertaining to Fredholm integral equations of first and second kind and various the methods to solve this type of equation to provide exact solutions. We review relevance literatures, good books and excellent journals on the Fredholm Integral equation. In this study, two methods were used to determine the accuracy of solutions, they are Direct Computation Method (DCM) and Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM). We worked some examples to discussed the results of accuracy and clarity of these two methods. We found that the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) is an effective, convenient, and accurate method for finding analytical solutions of the Fredholm Integral Equation than the Direct Computation Method (DCM.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Integral Equation, Fredholm Integral Equation, Differential Equation

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  Citation
  Kanee Goodfaith Leyira, J.O. Okai, I.M. Waziri, Isah Abdullahi, Edicha Friday, "A Classification of Integral Equations of the Fredholm Type," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.5, pp.16-19, 2022