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• Open Access   Article

  Annealing Induced Coercivity in Cobalt-ferrite Nanoparticles Prepared by Coprecipitation Method

  D. Pal

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp.1-5, Jun-2023

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  Abstract
  Cobalt-ferrite magnetic nanoparticles of particle size/crystallite size of about 50 nm were prepared by the coprecipitation method. Structural analysis of the particles was done by XRD measurement and the magnetic hysteresis measurements were performed by a VSM. All the measurements were performed at room temperature. The crystallite size of particles was estimated by using Debye Scherrer’s formula. The synthesized particles were annealed at different temperatures to study the variation of particle size with annealing temperature. The crystallinity of the particles was improved with the increase in annealing temperature. The dependence of the coercivity of the nanoparticles with particle size was also investigated in this article.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Cobalt ferrite nanoparticle, crystallite size, Coercivity, Magnetocrystalline anisotropy, Annealing, Coprecipitation Method.

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  Citation
  D. Pal, "Annealing Induced Coercivity in Cobalt-ferrite Nanoparticles Prepared by Coprecipitation Method," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.3, pp.1-5, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Elemental, FTIR and Optical analysis of compound crystal of nickel sulphate heptahydrate and potassium dihydrogen citrate

  D.B. Mankad, H.O. Jethva, H. Bhuva, V.J. Pandya

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp.6-12, Jun-2023

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  Abstract
  The current paper discusses a study which is related to the growth and several characterizations of pure compound crystals of nickel sulphate heptahydrate (NSH) and potassium dihydrogen citrate (KDC) is reported. The crystals under study were grown at room temperature by the technique of slow solvent evaporation. After the duration of 6 weeks, good quality, square and rod-shaped crystals were found to have grown. Characterization of crystals was carried out by doing elemental, FTIR and optical analysis. The changes in the characteristics of pure NSH crystal and pure KDC crystal were compared with the compound crystal and discussed accordingly. The elemental analysis confirmed the presence of respective atoms of pure NSH and pure KDC in the grown product crystal. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis indicated the presence of functional groups of sulphate of NSH and characteristic vibrations of dihydrogen citrate in the compound crystal. The SHG analysis showed that pure as well as compound crystals of NSH and KDC did not possess the NLO property. The energy band gaps of pure and compound crystals of NSH and KDC were evaluated by using the KM function. The result showed an elevation in the value of the energy band gap in the value of pure KDC as it formed the compound with NSH. All the results are discussed.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  NSH, KDC, FTIR, elemental analysis, FTIR, SHG, energy band gap

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  Citation
  D.B. Mankad, H.O. Jethva, H. Bhuva, V.J. Pandya, "Elemental, FTIR and Optical analysis of compound crystal of nickel sulphate heptahydrate and potassium dihydrogen citrate," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.3, pp.6-12, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  A Short Review of Magnetocaloric Effect in Ni-Mn-Ga Heusler Alloy System

  D. Pal

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp.13-20, Jun-2023

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  Abstract
  Magnetic refrigeration that utilizes the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of a material is considered a promising substitute to the conventional gas-compression/expansion cooling technology owing to its advantages, such as environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, etc. For the potential application of this technology, low-cost and highly efficient magnetocaloric materials are in great need as magnetic refrigerants. The geometry of the magnetocaloric materials also becomes important for cooling in (nano)macro devices and it demands a very small size. In search of prospective magnetocaloric material Ni-Mn-based ferromagnetic Heulser alloys are of great interest for their potential to achieve large/giant magnetic entropy change at magneto-structural transition. This review article comprises an overview of the magnetocaloric effect in the ferromagnetic Ni-Mn-Ga Heusler alloy system. MCE in these alloys in various low/reduced dimensions such as ribbons, microwires and thin films are also outlined. Recent development in this field along with previous works have been reviewed in a systematic manner. The present difficulties/limitations and remaining challenges in this field have also been discussed in this article.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Heusler alloy, Martensitic transition, Magnetic entropy, Magnetocaloric effect, Microwires, Ribbons, Thin films.

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  Citation
  D. Pal, "A Short Review of Magnetocaloric Effect in Ni-Mn-Ga Heusler Alloy System," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.3, pp.13-20, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Modeling Size and Dimension Dependence of Electrical and Optical Properties of Semiconductor Materials at Nanoscale

  Madan Singh, Sekhants’o Lara, Naleli Jubert Matjelo, Limakatso Lepekola, Moruti Kao, Mampesi Thato Matobako

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp.21-28, Jun-2023

  Abstract

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  Citation

  Abstract
  Semiconductor nanomaterials show changing behavior when the size of materials decreases from bulk to nanoscale. Inspired by this, we developed a model free from adjustable parameters to calculate the optoelectrical properties of CdSe, CdS, ZnSe, Si, and ZnO semiconductor nanosolids. Cohesive energy varies by reducing the particle size, based on this we established a model to calculate the dielectric constant, phonon frequency, and energy band gap of semiconductor nanomaterials. In our calculations, we incorporated the shape factor, which changes from a spherical shape to an octahedral shape. It is reported that the energy band gap increases on decreasing the size of the particle and the effect is more when the shape changes from spherical to tetrahedral to octahedral on the same size. Also, it is observed that there is an appreciable change in the properties of the semiconductors materials when the size is near 10 nm. Our results are compared with the existing experimental and simulation data. It is reported that the model prediction agrees well with the experimental data, which validates the theory developed.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Dangling bonds, Cohesive energy, Bandgap, Phonon frequency, Nanomaterials, Shape factor.

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  Citation
  Madan Singh, Sekhants’o Lara, Naleli Jubert Matjelo, Limakatso Lepekola, Moruti Kao, Mampesi Thato Matobako, "Modeling Size and Dimension Dependence of Electrical and Optical Properties of Semiconductor Materials at Nanoscale," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.3, pp.21-28, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Magnetic, Electrical and Structural Measurments of Bi2Sr2Ca2(Cu1-xFex)nO10+? (x=0.01 and n=3)

  Rohitash Kumar, Yadunath Singh

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp.29-32, Jun-2023

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  Abstract
  In this research work, we are presenting a study of the magnetic, electrical, and morphological properties of the Bi2Sr2Ca2(Cu1-xFex)3O10+? bulk superconductor. The hysteresis curve of the sample displays the magnetization of the applied magnetic field at ±15k (Oe), which exhibits paramagnetic behavior in the sample and reports a squareness ratio of 0.2. It is suggesting the presence of a single magnetic domain in the sample. We measured the electrical resistance by Four Prove method from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature range, which shows the metal and semiconducting transition, since the curve is linearly decreasing order nearly 200K temperature. After that, the resistance again slowly increases and shows semiconducting behavior. We studied morphology of the sample by FE-SEM, and collected structural data. These morphological representations show platelet type layered structures at the micron range in the sample. These results are quite similar to Bi-2223 ceramic superconductor.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Superconductors, bismuth compounds, electrical and magnetic study, morphology, hysteresis curve, FE-SEM.

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  Citation
  Rohitash Kumar, Yadunath Singh, "Magnetic, Electrical and Structural Measurments of Bi2Sr2Ca2(Cu1-xFex)nO10+? (x=0.01 and n=3)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.3, pp.29-32, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  The Effects of Instructional Material on Students’ Attitude and Academic Achievement in Physics in Senior Secondary Schools, Plateau State, Nigeria

  Daboer Pauline Lami, Joseph Caleb Shaorga

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp.33-39, Jun-2023

  Abstract

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  Citation

  Abstract
  the study determines the effect of instructional material on physics students’ attitude and their academic achievement. The study pretests, post-tests the design and employed a quasi-experimental design. Three research questions and three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Physics achievement test as an instrument of data collection was used to collect data from a sample of sixty students in two selected secondary schools in Jos-North Local Government Area of Plateau State. In addition, attitude questionnaires were given to students in the various schools sampled. The data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the research questions and T-test for the hypothesis. The findings of the research reveal that instructional materials have a very great influence on the teaching and learning of physics in senior secondary school. The result also showed that there is a significant difference between male and female students taught with instructional materials. Based on the findings, recommendations were made as revealed by the study, that academic achievement and student attitude depend on the use of instructional material and the teacher’s attitude to awaken the interest of the physics student. Also, the government should organize workshops and seminars for teachers on the use of instructional material to stimulate the interest of the student, and educational planners should implement it in the school curriculum among others.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  instructional material; academic achievement; senior secondary schools, attitudes, students, gender, studying physics.

  References
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  Citation
  Daboer Pauline Lami, Joseph Caleb Shaorga, "The Effects of Instructional Material on Students’ Attitude and Academic Achievement in Physics in Senior Secondary Schools, Plateau State, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.3, pp.33-39, 2023