Volume-10 , Issue-4 , Dec 2023, ISSN 2348-6341 Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Structural and Optical Properties of Black Velvet Tamarind Doped Magnesium Sulfide Thin Films Grown by Sol-Gel Technique

  Uchechukwu Anthony Kalu, Okpala Uchechukwu Vincent, Okereke Ngozi Agatha, Nwori Augustine Nwode

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (JPCM)

  Vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp.1-9, Dec-2023

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  The properties of MgS thin film crystals doped with locally grounded black velvet tamarind (VT) shell and deposited using a sol-gel method were investigated in the work to determine their suitable area applications. Freshly prepared solutions of sodium silicate, tartaric acid, magnesium nitrate and thiourea were the precursors used, while solution drops of the locally prepared grounded black velvet tamarind shells served as dopant. The grown crystals were subjected to thermal annealing at temperature of 104 OC and subsequently characterized to investigate their structural, optical and compositional properties for device applications. The results of our characterizations showed that the grown films have crystalline structures and the crystallite sizes are in the range of 19.406-29.243 nm while the micro-strain is in the range 4.92x10-3-7.531x10-3 and are influence by doping with VT. The EDS analysis showed that Mg, S as well as O were detected in the films and the atomic % of Mg has maximum value of 73.60 % for 1 drop VT/MgS, while the atomic % of sulphur in the samples increased from 4.20 % to 13.0 % as the number of drops of VT increased to 3 drops. FT-IR analysis showed that the films composed of =C-H stretch and C=C aromatic compounds but the presence of O-H as the number of VT drops increased to 3 drops. The films have low absorbance value but the film grown with 1 drop of VT doping has high value in the range of 0.5 – 1.1 in the near VIS (350 – 400 nm) region. The direct bandgap energy of the films was found to decreased from 3.42 eV to 3.20 eV as a results of doping MgS with VT drops. These properties exhibited by the grown thin films of un-doped MgS and VT/MgS make them suitable for many optoelectronics applications.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Magnesium, Sulfide, Sol-Gel, Velvet Tamarind, Bandgap, Opto-Electronics

  References
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  Citation
  Uchechukwu Anthony Kalu, Okpala Uchechukwu Vincent, Okereke Ngozi Agatha, Nwori Augustine Nwode, "Structural and Optical Properties of Black Velvet Tamarind Doped Magnesium Sulfide Thin Films Grown by Sol-Gel Technique," Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.1-9, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Growth and Elemental, FTIR Spectroscopic, Thermal and UV-Vis Studies of Pure and Alanine Doped Lithium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystals

  H.K. Ladani, V.J. Pandya, Radhika Rathod, H.O. Jethva

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (JPCM)

  Vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp.10-15, Dec-2023

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  Pure and different weight% alanine doped lithium dihydrogen phosphate (LDP) crystals were grown at room temperature by the solution growth technique. The EDAX analysis showed the presence of the atoms of alanine molecule in the crystalline lattice of pure LDP, the weight% of which was observed to rise with increase in weight % of the alanine, which confirmed the successful doping of the alanine in the crystal lattice of pure LDP crystal. The FTIR spectra showed the presence of all the necessary functional groups of LDP in pure as well as in alanine doped LDP crystals. No significant effect of alanine doping on the crystal structure of pure LDP was observed. The thermal analysis of pure and different wt% alanine doped LDP crystals indicated the reduced thermal stability of alanine doped LDP crystals as well as shifting of thermal decomposition temperature of pure LDP towards higher temperature side, without affecting the weight loss of pure LDP. The UV-Vis transmittance profile of alanine doped LDP crystals showed shifting of cut-off wavelength towards lower wavelength side and reduction in the energy bandgap value. The results are discussed.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Lithium dihydrogen phosphate (LDP) crystal, alanine , FTIR, UV- Vis, Thermal study

  References
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  Citation
  H.K. Ladani, V.J. Pandya, Radhika Rathod, H.O. Jethva, "Growth and Elemental, FTIR Spectroscopic, Thermal and UV-Vis Studies of Pure and Alanine Doped Lithium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystals," Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.10-15, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Isolation and Chemical Modification of White Sorghum (Sorghum Vulgare) Starch

  Ahmed Salisu, Ibrahim Usman Gafai, Saadatu Salisu Abdu

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (JPCM)

  Vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp.16-23, Dec-2023

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  Physical, chemical, thermal, morphological and functional properties of native starches differ greatly from one another. Modification of native starch is widely used to enhance its functional properties. In this study, native starch was isolated from white sorghum using wet-milling method and subjected to chemical modifications via oxidation, acetylation and acid-thinning. The isolated native starch and the modified starches were characterized using FTIR technique in order to confirmed the chemical modification by using the following agents; hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and acetic anhydride ((CH?CO)?O) for acid-thinning, oxidation and acetylation, respectively. After the reactions, FTIR spectra revealed some changes in the absorption bands which confirmed the success of the modifications. The absorption peaks at around 1640.7cm-1 was an evidence that the hydroxyl groups (-OH) of native starch have been chemically transformed into carbonyl (-C=O) via oxidation and acetylation reactions. Physicochemical properties determined showed that acetylation of the native starch improved swelling capacity with the highest value of 69g/g at 90oC while oxidation and acid-thinning have the values of 33g/g and 30g/g, respectively. Oxidation and acid-thinning both significantly increased solubility with values 157% and 110% respectively, whereas acetylated derivative was the least. After oxidation and acetylation reactions, the starch`s hydrophilic inclination enhanced, thus oxidized and acetylated starches have more water absorption capacity having the highest value of 56% and 83% respectively, however, acid-thinning decreased water absorption having the least value of 34%. Following oxidation and acetylation, oil absorption capacity increased with 91% for the oxidized and 95% for acetylated starch, however, for acid-thinned starch it reduced to 67%. The ability of native starch to gel was diminished by oxidation and acetylation having the least gelation concentration (LGC) of 9 and 10 respectively.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  White sorghum, Starch, Oxidation, Acetylation, Acid-thinning, Physicochemical properties.

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  Citation
  Ahmed Salisu, Ibrahim Usman Gafai, Saadatu Salisu Abdu, "Isolation and Chemical Modification of White Sorghum (Sorghum Vulgare) Starch," Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.16-23, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Hybrid Supercapacitor For Energy Storage Devices: A Review

  S.E. Umoru

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (JPCM)

  Vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp.24-35, Dec-2023

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  Citation

  Abstract
  Meaningful effort is being contributed to develop a single functional energy storage system that will close the efficiency gap between batteries and supercapacitors and have high power and energy density. Recent energy technical studies have focused a lot of research on hybrid supercapacitor energy storage devices because of their excellent electrochemical properties, safety, commercial feasibility, and environmental sustainability. As a result, the use of hybrid supercapacitors as energy storage devices is expanding in power, industry, and transportation, particularly in the context of hybrid energy vehicles. A few of the preferred electrode materials utilized in hybrid supercapacitors are carbon derivatives from 0D to 3D, such as activated carbon (AC), graphene, porous carbon, etc. Their availability in reserves, economic feasibility, changeable pore size, and various applications make them viable research focus. Considering this, this paper comprehensively reviews electrochemical supercapacitors and batteries in hybrid energy systems. The three different hybrid supercapacitor types,asymmetric, composite, and battery-type,as well as the electrode materials they incorporate,are the subject of this study. Additionally, the electrochemical characteristics of the porous and graphene-based carbon electrode materials used in asymmetric hybrid capacitors and metal ions hybrid capacitors are reviewed in this work. To further study hybrid supercapacitors for potential use in electric vehicles and other industrial applications, this special review paper`s output will act as a database.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  hybrid supercapacitor, energy density, graphene, metal oxides, conducting polymers

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  Citation
  S.E. Umoru, "Hybrid Supercapacitor For Energy Storage Devices: A Review," Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.24-35, 2023