Volume-8 , Issue-4 , Dec 2021, ISSN 2348-635X Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Machine Learning Method for Knee Osteoarthritis Detection from Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A 3-D Independent Component Analysis-Based Approach

  Marco Oyarzo Huichaqueo

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp.1-4, Dec-2021

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  Abstract
  Osteoarthritis (OA) is a global disease that still does not have a treatment for its process and that impacts people`s quality of life. Nowadays, medical images such as magnetic resonance (MR) images are widely used for the OA diagnosis. For this, a medical specialist analyzes medical images by measuring the changes and in particular for knee OA, the changes in the compartment of the tibio-femoral cartilage. In this work, we describe a novel knee OA diagnostic method, which use a Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm and is capable of detecting the disease from MR images. Our proposed approach is based on the application of the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) technique to 3-D information from MR images of a real cohort. The experimental results showed that our ICA-SVM machine learning model achieved 86% of testing accuracy with both 72% of specificity and 100% of sensitivity, once trained with a small MR image dataset.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Osteoarthritis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Independent Component Analysis, Support Vector Machine

  References
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  [7] F. Ambellan, A. Tack, M. Ehlke, S. Zachow, “Automated segmentation of knee bone and cartilage combining statistical shape knowledge and convolutional neural networks”, Medical Image Analysis, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 109-118, 2019.
  [8] G. Chang, D. Felson, S. Qiu, A. Guermazi, T. Capellini, V. Kolachalama, “Assessment of knee pain from MR imaging using a convolutional siamese network”, European Radiology, Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 3538-3548, 2020.
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  [10] F. Eckstein, M. Hudelmaier, W. Wirth, B. Kiefer, R. Jackson, J. Yu, C. Eaton, E. Schneider, “Double echo steady state magnetic resonance imaging of knee articular cartilage at 3 Tesla: A pilot study for the osteoarthritis initiative”, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 433-441, 2006.

  Citation
  Marco Oyarzo Huichaqueo, "Machine Learning Method for Knee Osteoarthritis Detection from Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A 3-D Independent Component Analysis-Based Approach," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.1-4, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Effect of the Changes in Land Use/Land Cover Patterns on the Water Quality of Shitalakshya River, Narayanganj, Bangladesh

  Adib Ashhab Ankon, Rumman Mowla Chowdhury

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp.5-12, Dec-2021

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  Abstract
  The degradation of water quality is a crucial global environmental issue. The effect of changes in land-use patterns on water quality is widely renowned. Several studies have analyzed the dependency in diversified ways. Among various researches assessing the temporal and spatial connection between water quality and land use has become a useful technique to identify the influences of urbanization in the aquatic system. Besides, this type of researches becomes a reference for the urban planner as guidance for implementing better decision policies to protect water quality along with optimized land use practice. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of changes in land-use patterns on the water quality within the Shitalakshya River. Water quality parameters from 2012 to 2018 were utilized by incorporating along with the RS data of similar years through GIS. Moreover, statistical programming tools were used to observe the dependency between land use patterns and water quality. The Shitalakshya River usually receives rainfall and discharges from five sub-bases, namely Bandar, Demra, Narayanganj Sadar, Rupganj, and Sonargaon. The results indicated a significant inverse relationship between vegetation area and water pollution. The urban region had adverse effects on the water quality, whilst the impact of the barren soil on the water quality was very multifaceted. In addition, the influences of the landscape uniformity on the indicators of water quality surrounded by the watershed were also analyzed, the result of which specified there was a significant damaging relationship between them.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Urbanization; Water Quality Parameters; Shitalakshya River; land-use change; Relationship

  References
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  Citation
  Adib Ashhab Ankon, Rumman Mowla Chowdhury, "Effect of the Changes in Land Use/Land Cover Patterns on the Water Quality of Shitalakshya River, Narayanganj, Bangladesh," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.5-12, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Designing of Formula Student (FSAE) Car Suspension System

  Kanav Bhatia

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp.13-20, Dec-2021

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  Abstract
  The purpose of this manuscript/paper is not only to design and fabricate a suspension system for a formula student race car but also to provide a literature review and a full focussed study of the processing steps done to achieve at the final design. The purpose of this paper is focused on the design and analysis of the suspension system in terms of functioning, strength, weight, and innovation. Though, a specific suspension system is designed for the car itself. The paper reviews previously used designs by various FS teams and also suggests an innovative and compact design for a front suspension system for an FSAE car. The suggested suspension system is designed for both front and rear wheels, which uses a mechanical advantage providing; sleek design, and a light-weighted strong rocker arm. Further, the proposed design in this paper will include a 3D model with dimensions and also show the stress analysis and FOS (factor of safety) analysis of the rocker arms. The following simulations are done on Solidworks 2016. And the design discussed in this paper is made taking Formula Bharat 2018 rulebook guidelines into consideration. Finally, this paper will help an engineer or a team in the choosing and fabrication of a compact and precise suspension system for their formula race car.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Formula Student, Suspension System, A-arm, Rocker Arm, Pushrod, Solidworks, Force Simulation, Stress Analysis, Factor of Safety Analysis

  References
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  [2] Wirawan, J. W., Ubaidillah, Aditra, R., Alnursyah, R., Rahman, R. A., &Cahyono, S. I., “Design analysis of formula student race car suspension system”, AIP Conference Proceedings (AIP Publishing LLC), Vol. 1931, Issue. 1, pp. 03-51, 2018.
  [3] Sindhwani, R., Bhatnagar, A., Soni, A., Sisodia, A., Singh, P. L.,Kaushik V., Sharma S., Phanden RK., “Design and optimization of suspension for formula Society of Automotive Engineers (FSAE) vehicle”, Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020.
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  [5] Saurabh, Y. S., Kumar, S., Jain, K. K., Behera, S. K., Gandhi, D., Raghavendra, S., & Kalita, K., “Design of suspension system for formula student race car”, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 144, pp.1138-1149, 2016.
  [6] Vadhe, A. A., “Design and optimization of formula sae suspension system”, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol. 8, Issue. 3 pp. 609-635, 2018.
  [7] Mohammad, K. N., Singh, V., Das, N. R., Nayak, P., & Patil, B. R., “Dynamic Analysis of the Front and Rear Suspension System of an All-Terrain Vehicle”, pp. 3216-3224, 2018.
  [8] Arevalo, C., Medina, A., & Valladolid, J., “kinematic and dynamic study of the suspension system of an electric single seater competition formula student”, Ingenius-revista De Ciencia Y Tecnologia, Vol. 20, pp. 96-107, 2018.
  [9] Fajardo-Pruna, Marcelo & Pillajo, Giovanny & Gualoto-Cóndor, Daniel., “Dynamic and kinematic analysis of a racing-suspension in a Formula-Student”, International Conference on Engineering, Management and Automotive Technology, 2018.
  [10] Suhaimin, M. K. N. B., Ebrahim, Z. B., Muhammad, M. R. B., & Manaf, M. Z. B., “A. kinematic analysis performance between short long arm and parallel suspension for racing car”, The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication - TOJDAC , pp. 2697-2709, 2018.
  [11] Zhu, B., & Sun, N., “Design and Optimization of FSAE Race Car suspension system”, In 3rd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems (Atlantis Press), pp. 1019-1022, 2015.
  [12] Chepkasov, S., Markin, G., & Akulova, A., “Suspension kinematics study of the" Formula SAE" sports car”, International Conference on Industrial Engineering (Procedia Engineering), Vol. 150, pp. 1280-1286 2016.
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  Citation
  Kanav Bhatia, "Designing of Formula Student (FSAE) Car Suspension System," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.13-20, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Theoretical Characterization of Semiconductor Nano-structures for Infrared Device Applications

  H.I. Ikeri, A.I. Onyia, G.C. Ogbu, F.N. Kalu

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp.21-25, Dec-2021

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  Abstract
  In this research, theoretical characterization of tunable infrared (IR) photo active materials with a few application oriented scenarios to illustrate the technological vitality and significant growth opportunities for integrated photonics in the IR regime is studied using effective mass approximation. The strong quantum confinement effect in QDs allows their optical wavelength to be tuned in a large spectral range covering infrared (IR) waveband by dimensional constraints. Results show that CdSe and CdS possess the trait for possible extension of their wavelength to emit in the NIR and should be further explored for infrared applications.By selective control of the sizes of QDs, emission wavelength within the first (650–950nm) and second (1000–1400nm)near-infrared biological transparency window were obtained for InAs, InSb, PbS, PbSe, and PbTe QDs, which allows for deeper tissue penetration imaging of biological systems. Our results suggest that QDs offer strong and widely tunable light absorption and emission across the infrared radiation waveband.These properties make QDs emerging candidates both as IR light emitters as well as IR absorbers suitable for biological imaging, solar energy harvesting, optical displays, photo-detectors, health technologies and communications. Among all the considered QDs, lead chalcogenides (PbS, PbSe and PbTe) QDs displayed an exceptional optical spectra that can be tuned in broadband of near to far IR, which is attractive both in IR technological applications and fundamental scientific research.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Infrared, quantum dots, absorption, emission, optical wavelength, confinement

  References
  [1] Jain, P.K., Huang, X., El-Sayed, I.H., and El-Sayed, M.A., Noble metals on the nanoscale: optical and photothermal properties and some applications in imaging, sensing, biology, and medicine. Acc. Chem. Res. 41, 1578–1586, 2021.
  [2] Corrigan, T. D., Park, D. H., Drew, H. D., Guo, S. H., Kolb, P. W., Herman, W. N., Broadband and mid-infrared absorber based on dielectric-thin metal film multilayers. Appl. Opt. 51, 1109–1114, 2012.
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  [4] Zhang, Y.; Hong, G.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, G.; Li, F.; Dai, H.; Wang, Q. Ag2S Quantum Dot: A Bright and Biocompatible Fluorescent Nanoprobe in the Second Near-Infrared Window. ACS Nano, 6, 3695?3702, 2012
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  Citation
  H.I. Ikeri, A.I. Onyia, G.C. Ogbu, F.N. Kalu, "Theoretical Characterization of Semiconductor Nano-structures for Infrared Device Applications," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.21-25, 2021