Volume-10 , Issue-4 , Dec 2023, ISSN 2348-635X Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Mechanical Method of Coffee Processing for Large Scale Seed Production

  Sunday Adeleke, Mohammed Baba Nitsa, Amos Oloyede, Olusola Ogunjirin

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp.1-7, Dec-2023

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  Abstract
  Production of viable coffee seeds devoid of struggle is vital for early field establishment. This study aimed at using a motorized mechanical method to process coffee seeds compared to mechanical manual and mortar and pestle methods. Three genotypes of Robusta coffee (T24, T1049, and C90), and three methods of pulping (motorized pulper, manually operated pulper, and mortar and pestle) were used. The experiment was carried out at the CRIN Headquarters, Ibadan, during the 2021 coffee harvest season. Matured ripe coffee cherries were manually harvested and soaked in water for 48 hours before pulping. Equal weights of wet coffee cherries of each genotype were pulped and replicated 3 times. Air dried seeds were planted in pre-nursery using Complete Randomized Design (CRD) from which healthy seedlings were later transplanted into polythene bags. Data were statistically analyzed using SAS software version 9.1. The pulping methods and genotypes studied significantly affected bean output capacity and rate of pulp separation at a 5% level. Manual pulper had the highest output capacities for the three genotypes, followed by motorized pulper while mortar and pestle had the lowest. Rates of pulp separation for all the genotypes for mortar and pestle were the highest, followed by motorized pulper. Genotype T24 pulped with a manually operated pulper recorded the highest means for germination time (65.33 days) and germination percentage (56.20%). Genotype C90 pulped with the motorized pulper revealed the lowest mean germination time (26.67 days) and lowest germination percentage (33.00%). The highest means plant height (11.62 cm) and leaf numbers (9.72) were indicated by motorized pulper. The result showed that motorized pulper could be effectively used for large scale production of coffee seeds while considering some machine and crop factors are important.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Mechanical, seed processing, output capacity, genotypes, seed viability.

  References
  [1]. S.A. Adeleke, A.A. Oloyede, M. Baba Nitsa, D.J. Awodumila, “Development of Coffee Dehusker: Prospect of Synthetic Rubber Beater Mechanism,” Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science Technology, Vol.7, Issue.10, pp.12943-12947, 2020.
  [2]. K. Mustapha, B.A. Adebowale, P.O. Orimoloye, J..F. Atanda, R.A. Ekemube, “Effects of Feeding Diets Containing Graded Levels of Alkali-treated Coffee Pulp Meal on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Weaner Rabbits,” International Journal of Academic Health and Medical Research, Vol.7, Issue. 2, pp.94-98, 2023.
  [3]. M. Baba Nitsa, S.A. Adeleke, M. Idrisu, “Investigating The Effectiveness of Manual Drum Pulper on Genotypes of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora L.) for Seed Production,” International Journal of Environment and Biotechnology, Vol.5, Issue.4, pp.1071-1076, 2020.
  [4]. P.S. Murthy, M.M. Naidu, “Improvement of Robusta Coffee Fermentation with Microbial Enzymes,” European Journal of Applied Science, Vol.3, Issue.4, pp.30-139, 2011.
  [5]. J.N. Wintgens, “Coffee: Growing, Processing, Sustainable Production,” Wilay Publisher, U.S.A., 2012.
  [6]. W. Zhengchen,, C. Huanyong, F. Shichao, “Effect of Mechanical Juice Extraction Method on The Quality of Fresh Squeezed Apple Juice,” In the proceedings of the 2020 IOP Conference on Material Science and Engineering 711, pp.1-5, 2020.
  [7]. C.M. Nwoke, “Modification and Performance Evaluation of a Fruit Juice Extractor,” B. Eng. Thesis, Dept. Mechanical Engineering, Federal Univ., of Agriculture Owerri, Nigeria, 2017.
  [8]. S.A. Adeleke, A.O. Ajewole, J.G. Jimeshio, “Comparative Study of Cashew Juice Extraction Methods for Effective Processing and Utilization of Cashew Apples,” In the Proceedings of the 2023 Horticultural Society of Nigeria, HORTSON (LAUTECH 2023) of the Annual Conference on Application of Science, Technology and Artificial Intelligence in Production and Practices of Horticulture, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria, In Press, 2023.
  [9]. B.N. Ugwu, T.O. Chime, R.O. Chime, “Review of Orange Juice Extractor Machines,” Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering, Vol.5, Issue.5, pp.485-492, 2020.
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  [13]. A.K. Mirwan, W. Febtri, S. Arie, “Comparative Studies of Coffee Processing Methods for Decision Making in Appropriate Technology Implementation,” In the proceedings of 2019 AIP Conference 2114, , pp.1-7, 2019.
  [14]. P. Palmino, R. Francis, “Challenges in Specially Coffee Processing and Quality Assurance,” Academic Editor Lescopel and Challenges, pp.1-22, 2016.
  [15]. R.H. Ellis, E.H. Roberts, “The Quantification of Ageing and Survival in Orthodox Seeds,” Seed Science and Technology, Vol. 9, pp.373–409, 1981.
  [16]. V.B.B. Sebastiao, D.M. Lima, V.C. Tafarel, F.T.A. Jose, “Accuracy of Linear Methods to Estimate the Leaf Area of Genotypes of Conilon Coffee,” African Agricultural Research Vol.10, Issue. 30, pp.2955- 2960, 2015.
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  Citation
  Sunday Adeleke, Mohammed Baba Nitsa, Amos Oloyede, Olusola Ogunjirin, "Mechanical Method of Coffee Processing for Large Scale Seed Production," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.1-7, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Analysis of the Legal and Organizational Aspects of the Employer`s Responsibility and Obligation to Comply With Labor Protection Requirements

  Ahrorbek Abdunabiyev

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp.8-14, Dec-2023

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  Abstract
  This scientific article offers a comprehensive analysis of the intricate web of legal and organizational facets defining an employer`s obligation towards ensuring compliance with labor protection requirements. Employers, operating within diverse global jurisdictions, face a multifaceted landscape of legal frameworks governing their responsibilities in safeguarding the safety and well-being of their workforce. Through an extensive exploration of prevailing legal structures and regulations across varied jurisdictions, the study meticulously examines the obligations imposed on employers. Moreover, this analysis delves beyond legal parameters, navigating the organizational terrain wherein compliance with labor protection requirements is enacted. It investigates the pivotal role of organizational leadership in cultivating a culture of safety and adherence to established protocols. The involvement of employees in contributing to a secure work environment is scrutinized, emphasizing their integral role in promoting and sustaining safety practices. Additionally, the article scrutinizes the evolving role of technology in augmenting labor protection measures, elucidating how technological advancements empower risk assessment and hazard prevention within workplaces. Furthermore, the article contends that beyond legal compulsion, employer compliance with labor protection mandates significantly impacts not only the operational success of organizations but also the morale, productivity, and overall well-being of employees. It underscores the ethical imperative and social responsibility that employers bear towards their workforce, emphasizing the positive correlation between a safe work environment and organizational efficacy. In conclusion, this article presents a nuanced analysis synthesizing the legal and organizational intricacies surrounding employer obligations in labor protection compliance. It advocates for a holistic approach that amalgamates legal adherence with robust organizational practices, recognizing their symbiotic relationship in fostering a secure and conducive work environment for all employees.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  labor protection, employer responsibility, legal framework, organizational aspects, compliance, workplace safety, employee well-being, management, employee involvement, technology, enforcement, occupational health and safety.

  References
  [1]. M. Gra¨tzel Dye-sensitized solar cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews (4), pp.145–153, 2003..
  [2]. H. Ben Slama, Ali ChenariBouket, Zeinab Pourhassan, Faizah N Alenezi, AllaouaSilini, Hafsa Cherif-Silini, Tomasz Oszako, LenkaLuptakova, Patrycja Goli?ska, LassaadBelbahri “Diversity of synthetic dyes from textile industries, discharge impacts and treatment methods” ,Applied Sciences 11 (14), 6255, 2021.
  [3]. A. Walied U. Bhuvan, “Research Methodologies: An Extensive Overview”. International Journal of Science and Research Methodology., Vol.6, Issue.4, 2017.
  [4]. L. Haiying “An Empirical Review of Research Methodologies and Methods in Creativity Studies (2003–2012)”, Creativity Research Journal, Vol.26, Issue.4, pp.427-438, 2014. DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2014.961781.
  [5]. A. Dennis, B. Haley. R. Roth, “Systems Analysis and Design”, 5th ed. 2015.
  [6]. A. Dennis, B. Haley. R. Roth, “Systems Analysis and Design”, 5th ed. 2015.

  Citation
  Ahrorbek Abdunabiyev, "Analysis of the Legal and Organizational Aspects of the Employer`s Responsibility and Obligation to Comply With Labor Protection Requirements," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.8-14, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Methods of Evacuating People from Buildings During a Fire: A Review

  Solijonov Muhammaddiyor

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp.15-20, Dec-2023

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  Abstract
  Fires in buildings can rapidly spread and endanger occupants if evacuation is not timely and orderly. This review summarizes current best practices and recent innovations in evacuation methods aimed at safely and efficiently evacuating people from buildings during a fire event. Methods discussed include fire drills, alarm systems, exit signage, emergency lighting, stairwell design, zoned egress, computer models and simulations, as well as emerging technologies like intelligent evacuation systems. Challenges such as smoke control, disabled occupants, and human behavior factors are also examined. Key findings show that a holistic approach combining passive and active systems tailored to building characteristics yields the best evacuation outcomes. Further research into integrated smart evacuation technologies and standardized metrics for evaluating egress methods would enhance occupant safety. Successful building evacuation requires ongoing training of occupants, adherence to fire codes, and vigilant maintenance of egress systems.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  evacuation strategies, fire emergencies, building safety, emergency exits, building design, human behavior, communication systems, early warning systems, fire suppression systems, occupant tracking, virtual reality simulations, public education, vulnerable populations, emergency responders, fire safety measures, property damage.

  References
  [1]. M. Gra¨tzel Dye-sensitized solar cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews (4), pp.145–153, 2003..
  [2]. H. Ben Slama, Ali ChenariBouket, Zeinab Pourhassan, Faizah N Alenezi, AllaouaSilini, Hafsa Cherif-Silini, Tomasz Oszako, LenkaLuptakova, Patrycja Goli?ska, LassaadBelbahri “Diversity of synthetic dyes from textile industries, discharge impacts and treatment methods” ,Applied Sciences 11 (14), 6255, 2021.
  [3]. A. Walied U. Bhuvan, “Research Methodologies: An Extensive Overview”. International Journal of Science and Research Methodology., Vol.6, Issue.4, 2017.
  [4]. L. Haiying “An Empirical Review of Research Methodologies and Methods in Creativity Studies (2003–2012)”, Creativity Research Journal, Vol.26, Issue.4, pp.427-438, 2014. DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2014.961781.
  [5]. A. Dennis, B. Haley. R. Roth, “Systems Analysis and Design”, 5th ed. 2015.
  [6]. Abhijeet Jadhav, Rohit R Mutkekar, S. B. Munoli, "Break Points in Life Table Mean Residual Life Times and Estimated Hazard Rates" Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMSS)Vol.10, Issue.5, pp.7-13, Oct-2023.

  Citation
  Solijonov Muhammaddiyor, "Methods of Evacuating People from Buildings During a Fire: A Review," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.15-20, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  The Responsibility and Obligation of Employers to Comply with Labor Protection Requirements

  Ahrorbek Abdunabiyev

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp.21-26, Dec-2023

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

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  Citation

  Abstract
  — In this paper, a discussion is presented of the responsibilities and obligations of employers in providing adequate labor protections to their employees, and in complying with the regulations related to these protections, as well as the responsibilities associated with these protections. During the course of conducting this study, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, which included an analysis of research on occupational health and safety laws, minimum wage and overtime regulations, antidiscrimination policies, and other worker protections. As a result of finding, it can be concluded that in spite of the existence of labor laws, violations persist due to a lack of enforcement, exploitation of loopholes, and a lack of corporate accountability, despite the existence of labor laws. To improve compliance, a number of strategies are proposed, such as the strengthening of government oversight, the protection of whistleblowers, the rights of unions to organize, and linking executive compensation to ethical labor practices. For labor protections to be effective, a culture of compliance is needed that centers on the obligation to provide a safe, fair, and dignified working environment for workers.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  occupational safety, minimum wage, antidiscrimination, corporate social responsibility

  References
  [1]. M. Gra¨tzel Dye-sensitized solar cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews (4), pp.145–153, 2003..
  [2]. H. Ben Slama, Ali ChenariBouket, Zeinab Pourhassan, Faizah N Alenezi, AllaouaSilini, Hafsa Cherif-Silini, Tomasz Oszako, LenkaLuptakova, Patrycja Goli?ska, LassaadBelbahri “Diversity of synthetic dyes from textile industries, discharge impacts and treatment methods” ,Applied Sciences 11 (14), 6255, 2021.
  [3]. A. Walied U. Bhuvan, “Research Methodologies: An Extensive Overview”. International Journal of Science and Research Methodology., Vol.6, Issue.4, 2017.
  [4]. L. Haiying “An Empirical Review of Research Methodologies and Methods in Creativity Studies (2003–2012)”, Creativity Research Journal, Vol.26, Issue.4, pp.427-438, 2014. DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2014.961781.
  [5]. A. Dennis, B. Haley. R. Roth, “Systems Analysis and Design”, 5th ed. 2015.
  [6]. Abhijeet Jadhav, Rohit R Mutkekar, S. B. Munoli, "Break Points in Life Table Mean Residual Life Times and Estimated Hazard Rates" Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMSS)Vol.10, Issue.5, pp.7-13, 2023.

  Citation
  Ahrorbek Abdunabiyev, "The Responsibility and Obligation of Employers to Comply with Labor Protection Requirements," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.21-26, 2023