Volume-8 , Issue-4 , Dec 2020, ISSN 2321-905X Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Signaling Diversity: A Study of Recruitment Strategies for Female and Minority Police Candidates

  R.A. Durbin, A. Cox

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp.1-5, Dec-2020

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  This article explores how the Signaling Theory can be utilized in developing recruitment strategies focused on attracting female and minority applicants to Law Enforcement organizations. In today`s climate of negative media attention and scrutiny of police officers, recruiting diverse applicants to the law enforcement profession has never been more critical or difficult. This report identifies how organizations can develop strategies to externally signal and attract diverse applicants to their organization and help increase the number of female and minority applicants. The diversity and demographics of police officer race, ethnicity, and cultural backgrounds is a critical issue for many communities around the world. For law enforcement to further build community trust and perceptions of equity, organizations must utilize the Signaling Theory to demonstrate their commitment and desire for increasing diversity within the organization and industry. Provided in this article are recommendations founded from research findings and extensive literature reviews for managers and executives to use for improving diversity hires and interest within the law enforcement profession. Using these recommendations and the Signaling Theory, law enforcement organizations can help influence and direct the narrative regarding police, race, and how the law enforcement industry desires female and minority officers to join the ranks and improve the profession.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Signaling Theory, Recruitment, Female Recruitment, Minority Recruitment, Police, Law Enforcement, Diversity Hiring

  References
  [1] Maciag, M. (2015). Diversity on the Force: Where Police don`t Mirror Communities. Governing, Vol.9, No.1,pp. 1–13.
  [2] Donohue, R. H. (2019). Shades of Blue: A review of the hiring, recruitment, and selection of female and minority police officers. The Social Science Journal, Vol. 11, No.5,pp. 1-13.
  [3] U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division & U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2015). Diversity in Law Enforcement?: A Literature Review.
  [4] U.S. Department of Justice, & U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2016). Advancing diversity in law enforcement.
  [5] Karasek, R., & Bryant, P. (2012). Signaling Theory: Past, present, and future. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, Vol.11, No.1, pp.91–100.
  [6] IACP. (2009). Law Enforcement Recruitment Toolkit. International Association of Chiefs of Police.
  [7] Durbin, R. A. (2020). Recruitment Strategies for Hiring Female and Minority Police Recruits: A Case Study of the Washington State Patrol. (Publication No. 28152082) Doctoral Dissertation, Trident at American InterContinental University. ProQuest Dissertation Publishing.
  [8] Salmi, R.O.,Isaac, I., Habila, J., Saalami, H., & Abutu, P. (2020). Gender Analysis of Access to Human Capitol in Nigeria: A Case Study of School Enrolment. World Academics Journal of Management, Vol. 7, No. 2,pp.25-31.
  [9] Gill, C., Weisburd, D., Telep, C. W., Vitter, Z., & Bennett, T. (2014). Community-oriented policing to reduce crime, disorder and fear and increase satisfaction and legitimacy among citizens: a systematic review. J Exp Criminol, Vol. 10, No.2, pp.399–428.

  Citation
  R.A. Durbin, A. Cox, "Signaling Diversity: A Study of Recruitment Strategies for Female and Minority Police Candidates," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.1-5, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Flattening Unemployment Curve in Nigeria: The Role of Human Capital Financing

  Kingsley O. Onyele, Florence O. Ariwa

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp.6-13, Dec-2020

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  This paper looked at the role of human capital financing in unemployment reduction in Nigeria. The study used annual time-series data from 1991-2018. The stationarity test revealed that all the variables became stationary after first differencing, hence Johansen cointegration method and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) were applied to show the speed of adjustment of the system to their equilibrium position in the long-run. The analysis revealed that the relationship between human capital financing and unemployment existed in the long and short-run during the study period. Specifically, in the long-run, the estimated coefficients indicated that health financing exerted a positive influence on unemployment rate while education financing had a negative effect. The Granger causality test showed that an interaction mechanism existed between education and health financing; and monetary policy rate. Consequently, the study argues that for unemployment rate to be flattened in Nigeria, government should prioritize human capital financing by increasing yearly budgetary allocation to education and health sectors since they are significant components of human capital financing in a country.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Human capital, Financing, Education, Health, Unemployment

  References
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  [6] E.S. Aphu, “Impact of Disaggregated Public Expenditure on Unemployment Rate of Selected African Countries: A Panel Dynamic Analysis Approach,” American International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Vol.1, Issue.2, pp. 47-57, 2019.
  [7] P. Benczur, S. Karagiannis, V. Kvedaras, “Finance and Economic Growth: Financing Structure and Non-Linear Impact,” Journal of Macroeconomics, Vol.62, Issue.1, pp. 12-23, 2019.
  [8] J. Buchan, I. Dhillon, J. Campbell, “Health Employment and Economic Growth. An Evidence Base,” International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol. 2, Issue. 14, pp. 199 – 206, 2019.
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  [19] I.P. Nwosa, “Government Expenditure, Unemployment and Poverty Rates in Nigeria,” JORIND Vol.12, Issue.1, pp.1-1-12, 2014.
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  [23] K.O. Onyele, E.B. Nwokoacha, “Sources of Public Funds and Economic Prosperity: The Nigerian Case,” Journal of Business and Financial Affairs, Vol.5, Issue.1, 1-11, 2016.
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  Citation
  Kingsley O. Onyele, Florence O. Ariwa, "Flattening Unemployment Curve in Nigeria: The Role of Human Capital Financing," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.6-13, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Effectiveness of Facebook as a Marketing Tool: A Study among the Users in Kathmandu Valley

  Rashesh Vaidya

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp.14-20, Dec-2020

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  Advertisement is one of the vital marketing activities in the modern business environment. It is any paid form of non-personal communication by an identified sponsor to promote products through mass media. In the era of information–technology, the support of social media has been adopted by marketers. Hence, Facebook has been a popular platform for the marketers of Nepal to promote their goods and services. The paper has tried to find out the effectiveness of advertisements posted in the Facebook portal by the Nepalese marketer. An online survey among the 200 random Facebook users mentioning Kathmandu addresses was conducted to fulfill the objective of the paper. The paper found that the Nepalese Facebook users were more concerned with products and services posted, quality and affinity of the product and services, entertainment, and customization for the effectiveness of an advertisement. The products and services itself and the quality and affinity generated for those displayed or posted products and services at the portal of the social media mainly at Facebook are seen as the major factors that make it an effective social media as a marketing tool.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Facebook, marketing effectiveness, advertisement, Kathmandu, Nepal

  References
  [1] T. Hennig-Thurau, E.C. Malthouse, C.Friege, S. Gensler, L. Lobschat, A. Rangaswamy, B. Skiera, “The Impact of New Media on Customer Relationship,” Journal of Service Research, Vol. 13, Issue 3, pp. 311-330, 2010.
  [2] K. Sheehan, D.K. Morrison, “The Creativity Challenge: Media Influence and Its Efects on the Evolving Advertisng Industry,” Journal of Interactive Advertising, Vol. 9, Issue 2, pp. 40-43, 2009.
  [3] G. Appel, L. Grewal, R. Hadi, A.T. Stephen, “The Future of Social Media Marketing,” Journal of Academy of Marketing Science,Vol. 48, pp. 79-95, 2020.
  [4] H.H. Chi,“Interactive Digital Advertising vs. Virtual Brand Community: Exploratory Study of User Motivation and Social Media Marketing Responses in Taiwan,” Journal of Interactive Advertising, Vol. 12, Issue 1,pp. 44-46, 2011.
  [5] A. Kim, E. Ko, “Do Social Media Marketing Activities Enhance Customer Equity? An Empirical Study of Luxury Fashion Brand,” Journal of Business Research, Vol. 65, Issue 10, pp. 1480-1486, 2012.
  [6] J. Zywica, J. Danowski,“The Face of Facebookers: Investigation Social Enhancement and Social Compensation Hypotheses; Predicting Facebook™ and Offline Popularity from Sociability and Self?esteem, and Mapping the Meanings of Popularity with Semantic Networks,” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Vol. 14, Issue 1, pp. 1-34, 2008.
  [7] R. Ferguson, “Word of Mouth and Viral Marketing: Taking the Temperature of the Hottest Trends in Marketing,” Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 25, Issue 3, pp. 179-182, 2008.
  [8] L. Di Pietro, E. Pantano,“An Empirical Investigation of Social Network: Influence on Consumer Purchasing Decision: The Case of Facebook,” Journal of Direct Data and Digital Marketing Practice, Vol. 14, pp. 18-29, 2012.
  [9] V. Bajpai, S. Pandey, “Viral Marketing through Social Networking Sites With Special Reference of Facebook,” International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services & Management Research, Vol. 1, Issue 7, pp.194-207, 2012.
  [10] G.P. Ranjitha, G.B. Sinnor, “ Influence of Social Media Websites on Promotion of Products and Services Among the Users: An Empirical Study,” Spectrum: A Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol. 1, Issue 3,pp. 12-19, 2012.
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  [12] E. Mogaji,“This Advert Makes Me Cry: Disclosure of Emotional Response to Advertisement on Facebook. Cogent Business & Management, Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 1-19, 2016.
  [13] A. Sthapit, I. Khadka, “Social Media Marketing in Nepal: A Study of Travel Intermediaries of the Kathmandu Valley,” PYC Nepal Journal of Management, Vol. 9, Issue 1,pp. 29-43, 2016.
  [14] A. Rana, (2018). Facebook marketing and its influence on consumer buying behaviour in Kathmandu. Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research, Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 111-128, 2018.

  Citation
  Rashesh Vaidya, "Effectiveness of Facebook as a Marketing Tool: A Study among the Users in Kathmandu Valley," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.14-20, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Corporate Farming and Vertical Farming: The Growing Trend—A Study

  P.K. Paul, R.R. Sinha, Pappachan Baby, Ricardo Saavedra, Bashiru Aremu

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp.21-26, Dec-2020

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  Agriculture is not only about practicing but also a field of study. It is considered as an Applied Science apart from the holding biological science aspects social science due to its nature. For the agricultural production different kind of tools, techniques, methods, principles are used and these are related to the biology, management science, mathematics, animal science etc. In cultivating plants, crops, vegetables, livestock including in animals etc Agricultural Science is important and valuable. The concept of agriculture was evolved about thousands of years ago (i.e. 105,000 years ago) and as far as regarding the nascent farmers, 11,500 years ago it has developed. Initially, it was considered only for the agricultural and plants related products but gradually animals like pigs, sheep and cattle are also treated as a part of agricultural sciences. There are few differences between the Agricultural and Cultivation. Cultivation normally practiced in the small area however agriculture happens in a large area with good amount of expenditure. Internationally there are 11 regions responsible for the cultivation commercially. Agriculture is an interdisciplinary subjects and also growing rapidly. There are few concern in emerging Agriculture viz. Chemical Agriculture, Green Agriculture, Agro Genetic engineering, Organic Farming, Corporate Farming, Vertical Farming, etc. This paper is theoretical and analyzed various aspects of agriculture with the aspects, features, role, and emergence of corporate farming and vertical farming as well.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Agriculture, Agricultural Science, Emerging Agriculture, Corporate Farming, Vertical Farming, Agro Business

  References
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  Citation
  P.K. Paul, R.R. Sinha, Pappachan Baby, Ricardo Saavedra, Bashiru Aremu, "Corporate Farming and Vertical Farming: The Growing Trend—A Study," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.21-26, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Impact of Marketing Communication on Consumer Buying Behavior and Organizational Performance: Evidence from Selected Food and Beverage Firms

  Jacob Olubukola OLADIPO, Ola Olaleye ARULOGUN

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp.27-32, Dec-2020

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  Abstract
  This study relates the impact of marketing communication on consumer buying behaviour and organization performance with evidence from selected food and beverage firms in Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE) for a period of ten years (2006-2016). The qualitative research design was used for this study. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, linear regression, and ANOVA were used. The results of ANOVA revealed that Personal Selling (PS) have significant effect on Impulse Buying Behaviour (IBB), also the results of regression established relationship between Marketing Communication and Organization Profitability. The implications is that the organization must understand what influence consumers decision. It can be concluded that marketing communication is a versatile tool used in getting the attention, educate, influence, convince, customers and its prospects. It plays significant roles in the life of customers and organization. Marketing communication has significance impact on consumers buying behaviour, organization market shares and organization performance positively.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Marketing communication,Consumer, Buying behavior, Organizational performance

  References
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  Citation
  Jacob Olubukola OLADIPO, Ola Olaleye ARULOGUN, "Impact of Marketing Communication on Consumer Buying Behavior and Organizational Performance: Evidence from Selected Food and Beverage Firms," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.27-32, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  A Study of Public and ethical problems within the Banking industry: The Key Perceptions and obstacles

  Muneer Rasheed, Shanavas Moosafintavida

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp.33-37, Dec-2020

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  Abstract
  Economic execution of a nation is usually determined by the Banking and Finance system. It plays a vital and crucial half in encompassing open approaches in today’s commerce surroundings. this text highlights public and ethical problems like Public banking, ethical Banking, inexperienced Banking, Rural Banking, world Banking, and Agri-banking, that facilitate in accomplishing economic advancement of keeping cash and fund. For this reason, we have known a meeting of improvement that is collaborating within the current commerce situation. This paper is separated into four components. to start with, the half talks regarding the presentation of the banking system in the Republic of India. Second half clarifies chronicled foundation of banking and its improvement still because of the construct of Banks. Third portion investigations the audit of past ponder on the subject. The fourth portion highlights public associated ethical problems associated with banking system ageing an account trade and eventually, the conclusion has been given.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Banking industry, Public and Moral Banking, Green banking, Global banking, Rural banking, and Agri-banking.

  References
  [1]. Sahu, G.B. and Rajasekhar, D. (2005).Banking Sector Reform and CreditFlow to Indian Agriculture.Economic and Political Weekly40(53) p. 5550-5559.
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  Citation
  Muneer Rasheed, Shanavas Moosafintavida, "A Study of Public and ethical problems within the Banking industry: The Key Perceptions and obstacles," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.33-37, 2020