Land Use/Land Cover Change Dynamics and River Water Quality Assessment Using Geospatial Technique: a case study of Harmu River, Ranchi (India)

Suraj Kumar Singh¹ , Vikash Kumar² , Shruti Kanga³

1. Department of Civil Engineering, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, India.
2. Centre for Land Resource Management, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, India.
3. Centre for Climate Change and Water Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, India.

Correspondence should be addressed to: shruti.mgi@gmail.com.

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Isroset-Journal
Vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp.17-24, Jun-2017

Online published on Jun 30, 2017

Copyright © Suraj Kumar Singh, Vikash Kumar, Shruti Kanga . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

View this paper at   Google Scholar | DPI Digital Library

XML View     PDF Download

How to Cite this Paper

1197 Views    505 Downloads    302 Downloads

Abstract :
The aim of the present study is to analyse the Land use/land cover change dynamic and water quality assessment using geospatial technique for Harmu river variability with reference to various land use/ land cover map (1992-2009) using the multi-temporal satellite datasets in GIS environment, identification and onsite sampling of pollution level along the river channel in order to comprehend the pollution level of Harmu river over the years using the different water quality parameter which includes pH, Temperature, Electrical conductivity, Total dissolve solid (TDS), Total suspended solid (TSS), Ca++, Mg++, Total Hardness, Total solid (TS), Alkalinity Chloride and Dissolve oxygen. The comparison of Landuse/land cover classes from 1992-2009 indicates major increase in agricultural land (+115.14% in 2002 and +109.61% in 2009) and built up (+105.49%, in 2002 and 105.73% in 2009) classes with respect to area coverage in Harmu watershed whereas, the area of scrub land (-5.88 in 2002 and -42.95), open forest (-16.39% in 2002 and -80.4% in 2009) and wasteland (-22.56% in 2002 and -27.24% in 2009) classes has decreased. The substantial decrease in wasteland during the period could be attributed to the implementation of government wasteland reclamation measures. The pollution level of Harmu river is high at all sites due to the regular discharge of domestic sewage, disposal of automobile/ workshop waste, increasing settlement nearby the river and garbage which led to water not suitable for drinking as well as for domestic purpose. It was observed that the river/drainage channels were primarily encroached by built up land and few of the drainage channels were extinct due to urban activities.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Harmu river; Remote Sensing; GIS; River pollution; Land use/land cover

References :
[1]. S.C. Sati, P.C. Paliwal, “Physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis of Kosi River water in central Himalaya”, Pollut Res, Vol. 27, Issue.1, pp. 179-183, 2008.
[2]. J. Desai, S.K. Tank, “Deterioration of water quality due to immersion of Ganesh idols in the river Tapti at Surat (India)”, J Environ Res Dev, Vol. 4, Issue.4, pp. 999-1007, 2010.
[3]. N. Shrivastava, D.D. Mishra, P.K. Mishra, A. Bajpai, “Water quality deterioration of Machna River due to sewage disposal, Betul, Madhya Pradesh, India”, J Environ Earth Sci, Vol. 3, Issue.6, pp. 1-5, 2013.
[4]. U. Tewari, A.N. Bahadur, P. Soni, S. Pandey, “Physico-chemical characterization of city sewage discharged into river Arpa at Bilaspur, India”, Indian J L Sci, Vol. 4, Issue.1, pp. 31-36, 2014.
[5]. K.K. Saxena, R.S.S. Chauhan, “Physico-chemical aspects of pollution in river Yamuna at Agra”, Pollen Res, Vol. 12, Issue.2, pp. 101-104, 1993.
[6]. B.D. Tripathi, M. Sikandar, S.C. Shukla, “Physico-Chemical Characterization of city sewage discharged into river Ganga at Varanasi, India”, Environment Int, Vol. 17, Issue.5, pp. 469 -478, 1991.
[7]. T.N. Singh, S.N. Singh, “Impact of river Varuna on Ganga river water quality at Varanasi”, Indian J Environ Hlth, Vol. 37, Issue.4, pp. 272-277, 1995.
[8]. M.S. Olaniya, K.L. Saxena, H.C. Sharma, “Pollution studies on Chambal river and its tributaries at Kota”. Indian J Environ Hlth, Vol. 18, Issue.3, pp. 219-226, 1976.
[9]. J.P. Palharya, S. Malviya, “Pollution of the river Narmada at Hoshangabad in Madhya Pradesh and suggested measures for control”, In: Trivedy RK (ed) Ecology and Pollution of Indian rivers- , Asian Publishing House, India, pp. 54-85, 1988.
[10]. O. Kumar, “Studies on water quality of Song river in eastern Doon Valley forest”, Indian J Envir Prot, Vol. 15, Issue. 2, pp.111-114, 1995.
[11]. WHO, “Health and Environment in Sustainable Development”. Document WHO/EHG/97.8., Geneva, pp.1-129, 1997.
[12]. K.R. Smith, C. Corvalan, T. Kjellstrom, “How Much Global Ill Health Is Attributable to Environmental Factors?”, Epidemiology-Baltimore, Vol.10, Issue.5, pp. 573-84, 1999.
[13]. C.A. Yan, W. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Y. Liu, C. Deng, N. Nie, “Assessment of Water Quality and Identification of Polluted Risky Regions Based on Field Observations & GIS in the Honghe River Watershed, China”, PLoS ONE, Vol. 10, Issue. 3, pp.1-13, 2015.
[14]. USA, “United Nations World Water Assessment Programme, “The United Nations World Water Development Report 3: Water in a Changing World”, UNESCO, Paris, pp.1-19, 2009.
[15]. X. Wang, D. Zheng, Y. Shen, “Land use change and its driving forces on the Tibetan Plateau during 1990-2000”, Catena, Vol. 72, Issue.1, pp. 56-66, 2008.
[16]. G. Xian, M. Crane, J. Su, “Analysis of urban development and its environmental impact on the Tampa Bay watershed”, J Environ Manag, Vol. 85, Issue.4, pp. 965-976, 2007
[17]. L. Sliva, D.D. Williams, “Buffer zone versus whole catchment approaches to studying land use impact on river water quality”, Water Res, Vol. 35, Issue.14, pp. 3462-3472, 2001
[18]. T. Hudak, C.A. Wessman, “Textural analysis of historical aerial photography to characterize woody plant encroachment in South African Savanna”, Remote Sens Environ, Vol.66, Issue.3, pp.317-330, 1987
[19]. A.G.O. Yeh, X. Li, “Principal component analysis of stacked multi-temporal images for the monitoring of rapid urban expansion in the Pearl River”, Int J Remote Sens, Vol. 19, Issue. 8, pp. 1501-1518, 1998
[20]. T. Fung, E. Ledrew, “Application of principal components analysis to change detection”. Photogramm Eng Remote Sensing, Vol. 53, Issue. 12, pp. 1649-1658, 1987
[21]. H. Long, X. Wu, W. Wang, G. Dong, “Analysis of urban-rural land-use change during 1995-2006 and its policy dimensional driving forces in Chongqing, China”, Sensors, Vol. 8, Issue. 2, pp. 681-699, 2008.
[22]. M. El-Raey, Y. Fouda, P. Gal, “GIS for environmental assessment of the impacts of urban encroachment on Rosetta region, Egypt”, Environ Monit Assess, Vol. 60, Issue.2, pp. 217-233, 2000
[23]. D. Lu, P. Mausel, E. Brondizio, E. Moran, “Change detection techniques”, Int J Remote Sens, Vol.25, Issue.12, pp. 2365-2407, 2004.
[24]. X. Chen, L. Vierling, D. Deering, “A simple and effective radiometric correction method to improve landscape change detection across sensors and across time”, Remote Sens Environ, Vol. 98, Issue. 1, pp. 63-79, 2005
[25]. A. Rahman, S. Kumar, S. Fazal, M.A. Siddiqui, “Assessment of land use/land cover change in the North-West District of Delhi using remote sensing and GIS techniques”, J Indian Soc Remote Sens, Vol. 40, Issue. 4, pp. 689-697, 2012
[26]. B. Campbell, “Introduction to Remote Sensing”, Taylor & Francis, Singapore, pp.23-55, 1996
[27]. A. Butt, R. Shabbir, S.S. Ahmad, N. Aziz, “Land use change mapping and analysis using Remote Sensing and GIS: A case study of Simly watershed, Islamabad, Pakistan”, Egyptian J Rem Sens Space Sci, Vol. 18, Issue. 2, pp. 251-259, 2015
[28]. J.R. Jensen, “Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective”, Prentice Hall, India, pp.1-18, 1996.
[29]. E.C. Hernandez, A. Henderson, D.P. Oliver, “Effects of changing land use in the Pagsanjan-Lumban catchment on suspended sediment loads to Laguna de Bay, Philippines”, Agric Water Manage, Vol.106, Issue.3, pp. 8-16, 2012.
[30]. G.M. Foody, “Status of land cover classification accuracy assessment”, Remote Sens Environ, Vol.80, Issue.1, pp. 185- 201, 2002
[31]. C. Kamusoko, M. Aniya, “Land use/cover change and landscape fragmentation analysis in the Bindura district, Zimbabwe”, Land Degrad Dev, Vol.18, Issue.2, pp. 221-223, 2007
[32]. P. Serra, X. Pons, D. Sauri, “Landcover and land-use change in a Mediterranean landscape: a spatial analysis of driving forces integrating biophysical and human factors”, Appl Geogr, Vol. 28, Issue. 3, pp. 189- 209, 2008.
[33]. Siry JP, Cubbage FW, Ahmed MR., “Sustainable forest management: global trends and opportunities”, Forest Policy and Economics, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.551-561, 2005.
[34]. S.K. Singh, “Geospatial Technique for Land use/Land cover mapping using Multi- Temporal Satellite Images: A case study of Samastipur District (India)”, Environment & We an International Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 11, Issue. 2-4, pp. 75-85, 2016
[35]. S.K. Singh, “Delineation of waterlogged areas in Vaishali district (Bihar) using normalized difference water Index”, Sgvu J Clim Change Water, Vol. 1, Issue. 2, pp. 33‐37, 2017.
[36]. S.K. Singh, “Soil Erosion Assessment Using Geospatial Technique: A Case Study of North Bihar, India”, White Falcon Publishing, India, pp.1-27, 2017
[37]. S.K. Singh, V. Chandel, H. Kumar, H. Gupta, “RS & GIS based urban land use change and site suitability analysis for future urban expansion of Parwanoo Planning area, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (India)”, Inter J Develop Res, Vol. 4, Issue. 8, pp. 1491-1503, 2014
[38]. S.K. Singh, B. Saklani, S. Prakash, H. Gupta, “Geospatial approach for decentralized planning at Rajhana panchayat, Himachal Pradesh”, J Adv Rem Sen GIS Geography, Vol. 2, Issue. 2, pp. 27-43, 2014
[39]. Wang X, “Integrating water-quality management and land-use planning in a watershed context”, J Environ Management, Vol. 61, Issue.1, pp. 25-36, 2001
[40]. M.E. Mendoza, E.L. Granados, D. Geneletti, D.R. Perez-Salicrup, V. Salinas, “Analysing land cover and land use change processes at watershed level: a multi temporal study in the Lake Cuitzeo Watershed, Mexico (1975-2003)”, Appl Geogr, Vol. 31, Issue.1, pp. 237-250, 2011.
[41]. G. Singh, “Personal communication, Central soil salinity research institute”, Karnal, Haryana, pp.1-186, 2007.
[42]. S. Kanga, L.K. Sharma, P.C. Pandey, M.S. Nathawat, S.K. Sharma, “Forest fire modeling to evaluate potential hazard to tourism sites using geospatial approach”, Journal of Geomatics, Vol. 7, Issue.1, pp. 93-99, 2013.
[43]. S. Kanga, L.K. Sharma, M.S. Nathawat, “Himalayan Forest Fires Risk Management: A Geospatial Approach”, Lambert Academic Publishing, India, pp. 1-188, 2015.
[44]. S. Kanga, “Forest cover and land use mapping using remote sensing and GIS Technology”, SGVU Journal of Climate Change and Water, Vol.1, Issue.2, pp.13-17, 2017.