Volume-9 , Issue-9 , Sep 2023, ISSN 2454-9312 (Online), 2454-6143 (Print) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Singlehood and Social Exclusion: A Case Study

  Prashant Chaudhry, Apeksha Kumari

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp.1-6, Sep-2023

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  As per National Statistical Organization (India) 2011 data a considerable population of urban society are single, they do not have an intimate partner. They suffer from various kinds of difficulties related to their personal choices in selecting their male and female partners or they suffer from psychological (lack of socialization, personality issues etc.) or physiological issues (related to human bodily parts) in determining their needs to have partner in their life. A very few studies have been conducting in Indian society on issues, concern, needs and problems related to single people. In the limited literature available on singlehood issues it has been revealed that single individuals irrespective of their gender becomes subject of gossip and discrimination in offices, residential places and also in family relationship. The literature has also captured that people who are single for prolonged period also exhibits aggression, sadness, worrying and anxious feelings towards their family and friends. Recently, India has completed 76th year of Independence but despite that the conception of singlehood (voluntary and involuntary) is still not acceptable and treated as a taboo in our society culturally. The legal rights and privileges of single person are also not given much heed in existing legal framework in India. To address the above aggravated issues related to singlehood, the authors attempt to conduct a pilot study on problems and concerns of the singlehood among office going males and females in the city of Faridabad. The study will be beneficial for developing an understanding about the problems and concerns of singlehood for safeguarding the rights of single persons in our society.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Involuntary Singlehood, Discrimination, Partner, Relationship

  References
  [1]. A profile of single Americans | Pew Research Center, accessed on 13th October, 2022.
  [2]. Rising proportion of single person households in the EU - Products Eurostat News - Eurostat accessed on 14th October, 2022
  [3]. Apostolou, M. Why people stay single: An evolutionary perspective. Personality Individual Differences. Vol.111, pp.263–271, 2017.
  [4]. Apostolou, M. Why men stay single? Evidence from Reddit. Evolutionary Psychological Science. Advance Online Publication, Vol.122, pp.19–28, 2018.
  [5]. Stein, P. J. Singlehood: An alternative to marriage. Family Coordinator, pp.489-503, 1975.
  [6]. Spreitzer, E., & Riley, L.E. (1974). Factors associated with singlehood. Journal of Marriage and the Family, pp.533-542, 1974.
  [7]. Kislev, E. Singlehood as an identity. European Review of Social Psychology, pp.1-35, 2023.
  [8]. Byrne, A., & Carr, D. Caught in the cultural lag: The stigma of singlehood. Psychological Inquiry, Vol.16, Issue.2/3, pp.84-91, 2005.
  [9]. Laming, G., Lyons, A., & Pepping, C. A. Long-term singlehood in sexual minority adults: The role of attachment and minority stress. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, pp.1-10, 2021.
  [10]. Esteve, A., Kashyap, R., Roman, J. G., Cheng, Y. H. A., Fukuda, S., Nie, W., & Lee, H. O. Demographic change and increasing late singlehood in East Asia, 2010–2050. Demographic Research, Vol.43, pp.1367-1398, 2020.

  Citation
  Prashant Chaudhry, Apeksha Kumari, "Singlehood and Social Exclusion: A Case Study," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.9, Issue.9, pp.1-6, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  GreenLeafNet: ML Model for Precised and Efficient Detection of Edible Leaf Diseases

  Umesha K., Nandhiniumesh

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp.7-12, Sep-2023

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  This study uses a ML model, to propose a deep learning strategy for the accurate forecasting of six frequent mint leaf diseases. The proposed model identifies and categorizes different illnesses based on the visual characteristics found in the input photos.The authors have gathered a dataset of photos of green leaves from six categories, to assess the effectiveness of the suggested model. The dataset was divided into testing, training, and validation sets after being preprocessed to ensure consistency in image size and color. On the validation and training collections, the suggested framework was trained and validated, and the testing set was used for the evaluation. All six classes in the evaluation scored highly on accuracy and precision, via a total precision of 90.91% and an adjusted F1-score of 90.90%. Additionally reported were the accuracy, recall, as well as F1-score for each class, all of which demonstrated strong performance. The outcomes show that the suggested CNN model is capable of correctly recognizing and categorizing the six prevalent mint leaf illnesses. This model can be a useful tool for disease detection and avoidance in mint crops, allowing farmers to take appropriate action before the illnesses can cause serious harm. As a result, this study shows the promise of deep learning methods for the precise and effective diagnosis of plant diseases. The suggested CNN system can be further developed to recognize and categorize other plant diseases, advancing precision farming and environmentally friendly crop management techniques.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Class, Crops, Precision, Diseases

  References
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  [2] Trivedi et al., “Early detection and classification of tomato leaf disease using high-performance deep neural network,” Sensors 21, Vol.21, Issue.23, p.7987, 2021.
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  [5] Sathiya, M. S. J. V., and V. Jeyabalaraja, “Plant Disease Classification of Basil and Mint Leaves using Convolutional Neural Networks,” Int. J. Intell. Syst. Appl. Eng. 11, Vol.2, pp.153–163, 2023.
  [6] A. Hassan, Md, M. S. Islam, S. B. S. Md Mehedi Hasan, M. T. Habib, and M. S. Uddin, “Medicinal plant recognition from leaf images using deep learning,” Comput. Vis. Mach. Learn. Agric., Vol.2, pp.137–154, 2022.
  [7] Lochan, R. Naga, A. S. Tomar, and R. Srinivasan, “Plant detection and classification using fast region-based convolution neural networks,” Artif. Intell. Evol. Comput. Eng. Syst., pp.623–634, 2020.
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  [12] Atha, A. Mutiara, and E. Zuliarso, “Deteksi Tanaman Herbal Khusus Untuk Penyakit Kulit Dan Penyakit Rambut Menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Dan Tensor flow,” JUPITER (Journal Penelit. Ilmu dan Tek. Computer) 14, Vol.2-a, pp.1–10, 2022.
  [13] Bakkali Yedri, Oussama, M. B. Mohamed Ben Ahmed, and L. El Achaak, “A smart agricultural system to classify agricultural plants and fungus diseases using deep learning,” in In Emerging Trends in ICT for Sustainable Development: The Proceedings of NICE2020 International Conference, pp.229–239, 2021.
  [14] Sunil, C. K., C. D. Jaidhar, and N. Patil, “Cardamom plant disease detection approach using EfficientNetV2,” IEEE Access 10, pp.789–804, 2021.

  Citation
  Umesha K., Nandhiniumesh, "GreenLeafNet: ML Model for Precised and Efficient Detection of Edible Leaf Diseases," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.9, Issue.9, pp.7-12, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Students’ Perspectives on Success in Online Teaching and Learning in a Traditional Learning Environment

  B.S. Habaragoda

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp.13-20, Sep-2023

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  Abstract
  This study attempted to examine the perceived student satisfaction in online teaching and learning in a traditional learning environment which had rapidly shifted to an online setting through a Learning Management System (LMS) due to COVID-19 pandemic started in early 2020 across the globe. The study used factors relating to instructor, interactivity and technology as the key determinants of students’ perceived satisfaction. A total of 322 undergraduates participated in the online survey on perceived student satisfaction in a Sri Lankan state university. Results of the study indicated that all the three selected factors are significant predictors of student satisfaction where instructor related factors has the highest impact. The findings suggest that even without adequate awareness and training on online teaching - via a Learning Management System as in this study- student satisfaction seems to be at a reasonable level with relation to instructor related factors. However, fairly low satisfactory levels for the remaining two factors suggest that both the faculty and the students must undertake at least some basic levels of training on online teaching and learning due to its technology driven nature.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Instructor, interactivity, technology, student satisfaction, online teaching, learning management system

  References
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  [5] R.V Caraig, R.G Fabro, “Stduents’ engagement and study habits in the online distance learning environment”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol.8, Issue.9, pp.25-31, 2022.
  [6] M.A Needham, “Quick Guide: Pillar Reference Manual”, The Sloan Consortium, 2002.
  [7] I.E, Allen, J. Seaman, “Staying the course: Online education in the United States”, The Sloan Consortium, 2008.
  [8] J.W. Lee, “Online support service quality, online learning acceptance, and student satisfaction”, Internet and Higher Education, Vol.13, Issue.4, pp.277–283, 2010.
  [9] M.J Rosenberg, “E-learning: Strategies for delivering knowledge in the digital age”. McGraw-Hill Int, Enterprises Inc, Taiwan, 2001.
  [10] M.G. Moore, G. Kearsley, “Distance education: A systems view of online learning”. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing: Cengage Learning, 2011.
  [11] A.P Rovai, J.R. Downey, “Why some distance education programs fail while others succeed in a global environment”, The Internet and Higher Education, Vol.13, Issue.3, pp.141–147, 2010.
  [12] C. Curran, “Online learning and the university”, In W.J. Bramble & S. Panda (Eds.), Economics of distance and online learning: Theory, practice, and research, New York: Routledge, pp.26-51, 2008.
  [13] D.U. Bolliger, T. Martindale, “Key factors for determining student satisfaction in online courses”. International Journal on E-Learning, Vol.3, Issue.1, pp.61–67, 2004.
  [14] A.G. Chute, B. Hancock, M. Thompson, The McGraw-Hill Handbook of Distance Learning: A``how to Get Started Guide’’for Trainers and Human Resources Professionals. McGraw-Hill, Inc, 1998.
  [15] D.U. Bolliger, O. Wasilik, “Factors influencing faculty satisfaction with online teaching and learning in higher education”, Distance Education, Vol.30, Issue.1, pp.103–116, 2009.
  [16] C. Changchit, “An exploratory study on students’ perceptions of technology used in distance learning environment”, Review of Business Research, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.31–35, 2007.
  [17] W. Liu, R. Peiris, Y. Choi, A.D. Cheok, C.L. Mei-Ling, Y.L. Theng, A.V. Vasilakos, “Internet-enabled user interfaces for distance learning”, International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction (IJTHI), Vol.5, Issue.1, pp.51–77, 2009.
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  [20] S.Y. McGorry, “Measuring quality in online programs”, The Internet and Higher Education, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.159–162, 2003.
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  Citation
  B.S. Habaragoda, "Students’ Perspectives on Success in Online Teaching and Learning in a Traditional Learning Environment," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.9, Issue.9, pp.13-20, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Stylistic Features of Hyperbola and Litotes in the Speech of Characters in Uzbek Dramatic Works

  Sobirov Qahramon Saloyevich

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp.21-25, Sep-2023

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  Abstract
  This article deals with the lexical-semantic and stylistic study of language units representing hyperbola and litotes in Uzbek dramatic works, the polysemantics of character speech, the importance of tropes in ensuring the figurativeness and visuality of artistic speech and increasing its effectiveness were analysed. Litotes improves the meaning of words and phrases as a way of discriminating, focusing on specific events by reducing their signs. In this sense, litotes is opposed to hyperbola, which is why it is also called “reverse hyperbola”. Litotes are often used for ethical reasons: humility and lowering one’s achievements allows one to form a positive opinion about it. In dramatic works, exaggeration and rhetorical understatement provide expressiveness and imagery in the speech of the characters. It also aims at finding out which one of these tropes is more or less common in the selected Uzbek dramatic works, showing whether or not these devices are characteristic of this register; and explicating the pragmatic purpose behind using these two devices. They are among the tools that shape the logical strength, richness and colorfulness of the characters’ speech.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Uzbek linguistics, tropes, figurative expression, hyperbola, litotes, dramatic work, character speech

  References
  [1]. E. Daryaee Motlagh, “The Use and Frequency of Hedges in Applied Linguistics Papers Written by Male and Female Scholars: A Gender-based Comparison,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Science, Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.16-21, 2021.
  [2]. T. Zaheen, S. Akter, “Linguistic Behavior of Young Adults: A Gender- Based Study,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Science, Vol.7, Issue.9, pp.94-99, 2021.
  [3]. D. Geeraets, “Theories of Lexical Semantics,” Oxford, Oxford University Press, p.29, 2010.
  [4]. R. Kongurov, “Semantic and stylistic features of subjective assessment forms,” Tashkent, Science, pp.122-128, 1980..
  [5]. F. Nasriddinov, “The language of the dramatic work,” Scientific works of TashSU, New series, Issue.162, Tashkent, pp.16-22, 1960.
  [6]. B. Turdialiev, “Hamza and the Uzbek literary language,” Tashkent, Fan, pp.42-45, 1981.
  [7]. E. Abdiev, “Language and style of K. Yashin’s dramas,” Abstract. Ph.D. diss, Tashkent, pp.16-22, 1981.
  [8]. I. Kuchkartoev, “Phraseological innovation of A. Kakhkhar,” Abstract. Ph.D. diss., Tashkent, pp.44-48, 1965.
  [9]. E. Qilichev, “Lexical means of artistic image,” Tashkent, Science, pp.28-34, 1982.
  [10]. A. Shomaksudov, “Stylistics of the Uzbek language,” Tashkent, Teacher, pp.56-58, 1983.
  [11]. M. Mirtojiyev, “Polysemy in the Uzbek language,” Tashkent, Science, pp.32-34, 1975.
  [12]. M. Mukarramov, “Analogy in the Uzbek language,” Tashkent, Fan, pp.87-89, 1975.
  [13]. M. Abrams, G. Harpham, “A Glossary of Literary Terms,” 9th edition, USA, Wodsworth Cengage Learning, p.149, 2009.
  [14]. C. Claridge, “Hyperbole in English: A Corpus-based Study of Exaggeration,” Cambridge, CUP, pp.5-41, 2011.
  [15]. G. Rowe, “Style,” Brill, Leiden, pp.121-128, 1997.
  [16]. A. Cruse, “A Glossary of Semantics and Pragmatics,” Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, p.186, 2006
  [17]. L. C. Mora, “How to Make A Mountain Out of A Molehill: A Corpus-Based Pragmatic and Conversational Analysis Study of Hyperbole in Interaction,” Valencia University, p.97, 2006.

  Citation
  Sobirov Qahramon Saloyevich, "Stylistic Features of Hyperbola and Litotes in the Speech of Characters in Uzbek Dramatic Works," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.9, Issue.9, pp.21-25, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Estimation of Rainfall activity in Bangalore urban region using- Multiple Linear Regression model

  Geetha G., Lavanya S., Samreen A., Akhilesh S.R., Anand L.F.M.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp.26-29, Sep-2023

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  Abstract
  Rainfall activity across the globe is studied regularly by researchers using several mathematical models. The models are being useful in rainfall prediction and analysis in different fields. A systematic approach in the prediction of rainfall activity in the southern region of Bangalore urban area is been studied from the previous years’ rainfall data. Using Multiple Regression model, the rainfall activity is predicted on a monthly basis from the data of the monthly average rainfall in the previous years. The data on rainfall activity for consecutive three previous years recorded at the Indian Meteorological Department is obtained and is fitted using polynomial regression and multiple linear regression models. The regression coefficient in each of the model used is individually calculated. From the R value, the multiple linear regression model gives a better fit than the polynomial regression model. The limitations in the multiple linear regression model is however on the selection of predictors.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Rainfall activity, Temperature, Relative Humidity, Multiple Linear Regression

  References
  [1]. K.D. Prasad, and R. K. Verma, “Large- scale features of satellite- derived Outgoing Long- wave Radiation in relation to monsoon circulation over the Indian region,” International journal of climatology , Vol.5, pp.297-306, 1985.
  [2]. K. D. Prasad, and S. D. Bansod, S.D, “Inter-annual variations of Outgoing Radiation and Indian summer monsoon rainfall,” International journal of climatology, Vol.20, pp.1955-1964, 2000.
  [3]. D. R. Sikka, “Some aspects of the large scale fluctuations of summer monsoon rainfall over India in relation to fluctuations in the planetary and regional scale circulation parameters”, Indian Academic science, (Earth Planet science), Vol.89, pp.179-195, 1980.
  [4]. R. K. Verma, K. Subramanian, and S.S. Dugam, “Inter-annual and Long term variability of the summer monsoon and its link with northern hemisphere surface air temperature”, Indian Academic Science (Earth Planet science); Vol.94, pp.187-198, 1985.
  [5]. S. Balachandran., R. Asokan, and S. Sridharan, “Global surface temperature in relation to Northeast monsoon rainfall over Tamil Nadu”, Journal of Earth System Science, Vol.115, pp.349-362, 2006.
  [6]. R. S. Selvaraj, A. Muthuchami, and M. Nancharaiah, “Influence of sunspot activity on the annual rainfall of Tamil Nadu, India”, Indian Journal of Physics, Vol.83, pp.1251-1258, 2009.
  [7]. T.T. Win., N. T. Wai., A. Z. Z. Aung., “Study on the Mathematical Models Based on the Weather parameters in Mandalay, Myanmar” International journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, Vol 3, pp.753-757, 2020.
  [8]. R. S. Selvaraj., and R. Aditya., “Statistical Method of Predicting the Northeast Rainfall of Tamil Nadu”, Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology, Vol.1, pp.557-559, 2011.
  [9]. S. Weisberg, “Applied Linear Regression”, 2nd ed., John Wiley, New York, USA, pp.55-68, 1985.
  [10]. D. S. Wilks, “Statistical methods in the atmospheric sciences” Academic Press, pp.467, 1995.

  Citation
  Geetha G., Lavanya S., Samreen A., Akhilesh S.R., Anand L.F.M., "Estimation of Rainfall activity in Bangalore urban region using- Multiple Linear Regression model," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.9, Issue.9, pp.26-29, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Stress Experienced In Late Spinsterhood: A Study among Selected Late Spinsters in Tamenglong District, Manipur

  Esther Kamei

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp.30-35, Sep-2023

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  Abstract
  This study aims to investigate various problems and expose various stresses experienced by late spinsterhood. How spinsterhood perceives itself and several stressful experiences of spinsterhood in the family and society are intended to be explored, along with what can be contributed by us as a part of society to create a better society for them to live in. The method employed in this research is purely descriptive, with data collected from a sample of unmarried women aged 35 and above. The fieldwork is conducted through interviews with 10 spinster representative questionnaires. The methodology used in this research proposal encompasses the study`s design adaptation, the study area, sample and sampling techniques, study methods, data collection tools, reliability, and validity.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Spinster, Stress, Counseling, Challenges, Corporation, and Psychological Effect

  References
  [1] Budgeon, S. The ‘problem’ with single women: Choice, accountability and social change. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, Vol.33, Issue.3, pp.401–418, 2016.
  [2] M. Amjad & E. Afreen. Stress and Coping among Single and Non-Working Women . Pakistan Journal of Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.29-43, 2018.
  [3] Macvarish, J. What is ‘the Problem’ of Singleness? Sociological Research Online, Vol.11, Issue.3, pp.81–88, 2006.
  [4] O. Ali & E. Shoukry. Quality of Life, aggressive behavior, and self-esteem among employed never-married (spinster) women. Journal of Nursing and Health Science, Vol.6, Issue.4, pp.85-94, 2017
  [5] Oram, A. Repressed and Thwarted, or Bearer of the New World? The Spinster in Inter-war Feminist Discourses. Women`s History Review, Vol.1, Issue.3, pp.413-433,1992
  [6] S. Mansi & Z. Tomah. The effects of the spinsterhood phenomenon on spinsters in the urban centers of Thi Qar Governorate. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, Vol.12, Issue.9, pp.1134-1148, 2021
  [7] Zimik, A.. Assessment on the Socio-Economic Status of Manipur: A Study base on Economic Perspectives. World Academic Journal of Management, Vol.11, Issue.2, pp.1-9, 2023
  [8] B. Myrchiang. Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Human Resource Management (HRM): A Cross Organizational Analysis. World Academic Journal of Management, Vol.11, Issue.2, pp.25-32, 2023.
  [9] S. Zimik and A. Barman. Global Trend and Roles of Constructed Environment in Tourism Development. European Economic Letters, Vol.13, Issue.3, pp.783-790, 2023.

  Citation
  Esther Kamei, "Stress Experienced In Late Spinsterhood: A Study among Selected Late Spinsters in Tamenglong District, Manipur," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.9, Issue.9, pp.30-35, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Validation and Standardization of Moral Judgment Scale among Students in Senior Secondary School in Orhionmwon Local Government, Edo State, Nigeria

  Joseph Obiajuru, Richard Irikefe Okorordudu, E.E. Ebenuwa-okoh

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp.36-40, Sep-2023

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  Abstract
  The purpose of this study was to validate and standardize the moral judgment scale among students in senior secondary school in Orhionmwon Local Government, Edo State Nigeria. This study adopted a descriptive research design. A sample of fifty (50) participants was used in the study. The instrument titled Moral Judgment Scale was a 12-item scale. The instrument was validated through expert judgment and factor analysis. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Rotation Method, Varimax with Kaiser Normalization, and descriptive were used to analyze the data collected from the field. The study revealed a five-factor structure that accounted for content validity. Such as FI (Honesty) = 16.01%, F2 (Impression management) = 13.98%, F3 (integrity) = 13.66%, F4 (authority) = 11.99%, and F5 (responsibility) = 10.27. The study revealed a total variance of 65.85%. The factor loaded between .45 and .87. The study further revealed a Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of .61. The study concluded that the moral judgment scale had a good measure of content and construct validity as well as a good measure of internal consistency. Therefore, the researchers recommend that, to resolve adolescent students` moral problems this scale should be used to obtain data from students because it effectively meets the criteria for standardization of an instrument.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Moral Judgment, Content Validity, Constructs Validity, and Reliability

  References
  [1]. A.B.D. Adnan, A. A. Rashid, A. Mamat, I. Ibrahim, "Barriers to Moral Development of Adolescents and Parental Responsibility" The Case of Malay Working Parents. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), Vol.1, Issue.6, pp.40-48. 2014.
  [2]. T. Malti, E. Galarneau, J. Peplak, "Moral development in adolescence" Journal of Research on Adolescence, Vol.6, Issue 31pp. 1097-1113, 2021.
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  Citation
  Joseph Obiajuru, Richard Irikefe Okorordudu, E.E. Ebenuwa-okoh, "Validation and Standardization of Moral Judgment Scale among Students in Senior Secondary School in Orhionmwon Local Government, Edo State, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.9, Issue.9, pp.36-40, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Analysis of rainfall and temperature data to determine weather-change in Bangalore Urban District, Southern India

  Akhilesh S.R., Lavanya M., Samreen A., Geetha G., Anand L.F.M.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp.41-44, Sep-2023

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  Abstract
  Weather change in Bangalore urban district of Karnataka state, southern India is been studied from annual rainfall and temperature data. The rainfall and temperature have been measured using standard ground based instruments and recorded data at Indian Meteorology Department located in Bangalore. The data is been obtained and analysed using Origin 8.0 pro software. The result is computed using the standard climate model for temperature and rainfall. It is been reported an above normal rain fall and a fall in average temperature during the year investigated. The fall in temperature could be probably accounted for low emission of greenhouse gases during the year. The percentage departure in the annual rainfall is systematically calculated and the difference is graphically represented.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Weather change, rain fall, temperature measurement, Bangalore urban district

  References
  [1]. C. B. Beatrice, R. Nasser, Afshar, O. S. Selaman, and H. Fahmi, “Application of mathematical modelling in rainfall forecast: a csae study in sgs. Sarawak basin”, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, pp. 316 – 319, 2014.
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  [5]. T. W. Thu, T. W. Nwe, and Z. Z. A. Aye, “Study on the Mathematical Models Based on Weather Parameters in Mandalay, Myanmar” International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, Vol. 3, Issue.4, pp. 753-757, 2020.
  [6]. F. Tesfahun, and G. Temesgen, “Analysis of rainfall temperature data to determine climate change in Dilla Zuria District, Southern Ethiopia”, Civil and Environmental Research,Vol. 6,Issue.7, pp. 39 – 42, 2014.
  [7]. M. Darshan, and S. M. Yadav, “An analysis of rainfall variability and drought over Barmer District of Rajasthan, North west India”, Water Supply Vol. 21, Issue.5, pp. 2505-2517, 2021.
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  [9]. R. A. Madden and J. Williams, “The correlation between temperature and precipitation in the United States and Europe”, Monitory Weather Revie, Vol. 106, pp.142-147, 1978.

  Citation
  Akhilesh S.R., Lavanya M., Samreen A., Geetha G., Anand L.F.M., "Analysis of rainfall and temperature data to determine weather-change in Bangalore Urban District, Southern India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.9, Issue.9, pp.41-44, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Impact of Bank Credit on Non-Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria

  Lawan Garba

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp.45-52, Sep-2023

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  Abstract
  This study aimed to examines the impact of bank credit on the non-financial performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bauchi metropolis. Its aim was to assess the level of relationship between bank credit on the non-financial performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bauchi metropolis. In line with the objective of the study, three null hypotheses were formulated to guide the research. The theoretical foundation of the study was based on the Growth theory. The research design adopted in this research is survey design method a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of Three Hundred and Thirty Five (335) SMEs. Data collected were analyzed using regression analysis with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) software version 21. The research therefore revealed that the result showed that the independent variables (i.e credit procedure, credit requirement and availability of credit) were significant joint predictors of non-financial performance. It was therefore recommended amongst others that, SMEs should explain a substantial proportion of changes that arise in SMEs financing. This study suggests Banks Credit is capable of making SMEs.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Bank Credit; Small and Medium; Enterprises; Credit Procedure; Credit Requirement; Availability of Credit; Non-Financial Performance; Nigeria

  References
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  [17] Dionco-Adetayo, E. A., Awoniyi, M. O., Adetayo, J. O. & Elumilade, D. O., “Enterprise Promotion Policy on the Development of Small Scale Industries in Nigeria,” An Assessment. Refereed Paper; SME-Entrepreneurship Global Conference, pp. 20-32, 2021.
  [18] Ahiawodzi, A. K. & Adade, T. C., “Access to Credit and Growth of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in the Ho Municipality of Ghana,” British Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences, Vol.6 Issue.2, pp. 34-51, 2022.
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  Citation
  Lawan Garba, "Impact of Bank Credit on Non-Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.9, Issue.9, pp.45-52, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Spatial Analysis of Libraries to Be Decommissioned in Leicestershire Using Location Allocation Technique

  Birmah M. Nyadar, Jennifer Yashi, Alfred Y. Buba, Blessing I. Soughul

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp.53-60, Sep-2023

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  Planning for the growth of a city can go a long way if the appropriate tools are available to influence the desired outcomes, hence the distribution of users and the placement of public amenities balances out the demand and supply chain. This study aims to support the application of a location-allocation model using GIS for spatial distribution analysis in Leicestershire. Making budgetary cuts in Leicester has become imperative to increase savings by up to 20% and so the government at the local level and the public organizations have been persuaded to undertake these budget cuts, however, how to accomplish this task poses a technical challenge. Geographic analysis proves to be most adequate with three well-known methods that can be applied namely, Euclidean distance measurement (Buffering), network distance, and location-allocation technique. The location-allocation technique was employed in this study to identify the actual and original locations of libraries in Leicester and determine the distance between them which ultimately reveals that a gap exists between the libraries and the prospective target regions. The allocation approach examines how close each locality`s population is to the closest public facility that is currently known. Due to the proximity of the amenities (libraries) and the demand points (centroids), the results indicated that the chosen libraries were in regions that were easily accessible to the local population. In a demand-supply environment with few faults, location-allocation procedures have been shown to be the optimum choice. Routes from demand and supply places may be measured with much greater accuracy using other spatial analytic techniques, such as network distance analysis.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Location-Allocation, Accessibility, demand-supply, Centroid, Facilities, Demand point, GIS

  References
  [1]. S.U. Rahman, D.K. Smith, "Use of location-allocation models in health service development planning in developing nations" European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 123 Issue. 3, pp. 437–452, 2000.
  [2]. A. Murad, F. Faruque, A. Naji, A. Tiwari, "Using the location-allocation p-median model for optimizing locations for health care centers in the city of Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia" Geospatial Health, Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2021.
  [3]. S. Mansour, "Spatial analysis of public health facilities in Riyadh Governorate, Saudi Arabia: a GIS-based study to assess geographic variations of service provision and accessibility" Geo-Spatial Information Science, Vol. 19, Issue 1, pp.26–38. 2016
  [4]. E. Chukwusa, A. Comber, C. Brunsdon, "Optimising Location under Scenarios of Changing Demand: Multi-temporal location-allocation analysis" School publication, University of Leicester, 2011
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  [7]. A.G.O. Yeh, M.H. Chow, An integrated Gis and location-allocation approach to public facilities planning - An example of open space planning. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. Vol.20 Issue.4–5, pp.339–350, 1996.
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  [9]. M.M. Malik, D. Shivamallu, "Location-Allocation model applied to urban public services?: Spatial analysis of fire stations in Mysore urban area Karnataka, India", December, 2017
  [10]. A. Abdelkarim, “Integration of Location-Allocation and Accessibility Models in GIS to Improve Urban Planning for Health Services in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia” Journal of Geographic Information System. Vol. 11 Issue. 06, pp.633–662, 2019.
  [11]. A. Fredriksson, "Location-allocation of public services – Citizen access, transparency and measurement. A method and evidence from Brazil and Sweden" Socio- Economic Planning Sciences, Vol. 59, pp.1–12. 2017
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  Citation
  Birmah M. Nyadar, Jennifer Yashi, Alfred Y. Buba, Blessing I. Soughul, "Spatial Analysis of Libraries to Be Decommissioned in Leicestershire Using Location Allocation Technique," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.9, Issue.9, pp.53-60, 2023