Volume-11 , Issue-2 , Jun 2024, ISSN 2349-3178 (Print), 2349-3186 (Online)

• Open Access   Article

  Prediction Model for Assessing the Risk of Colorectal Cancer Based On Clinical Features and Serum Biomarkers

  Shoufia Jabeen Mubarak, Hemamalini Vedagiri

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJMSRP)

  Vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp.1-7, Jun-2024

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor connected with higher mortality rate in the world. Aberrant metabolic process invigorates the uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells leading to higher risk for cancer. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels are considered as positive tumor marker for predicting the risk and pathological stages of CRC. In addition, many experimental studies strongly indicate elevated fatty acid synthase (FASN) levels in CRC patients. However, prediction parameters for diagnosing the patients affected with CRC has many limitations. In order to overcome these restraints, we have modeled an appropriate algorithm to identify patients at high risk of CRC by specifically monitoring the FASN levels. The aim of this paper primarily focuses on envisaging a suitable mathematical model for CRC based on prediction factors such as ranking prediction, top most selection, mathematical values as well novel algorithmic approach for elucidation of FASN and CEA levels by targeting the disease conditions that would enhance the model in order to avoid real time complexity as well as to identify the most leading risky factors of colorectal cancer. This novel algorithm based on consistent method will provide a paradigm to enable the prediction of CRC tumor stages along with high risky features associated with the patients.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Colorectal cancer, CEA, FASN, Top most selection, Feature selection, Algorithm

  References
  [1] A. Basu, S.Seth, A. K.Chauhan, N. Bansal, K. Arora and A. Mahaur,”Comparative study of tumor markers in patients with colorectal carcinoma before and after chemotherapy,” Annals of Translational Medicine, Vol. 4, Issue. 4, pp.71, 2016.
  [2] A.T. Chan and E.L. Giovannucci,”Primary prevention of colorectal cancer,“ Gastroenterology, Vol. 138, Issue. 6, pp.2029-2043, 2010.
  [3] A. Mathew. U. Peters, N. Chatterjee, M. Kulldorff and R. Sinha, “Fat, fiber, fruits, vegetables, and risk of colorectal adenomas,” International journal of cancer, Vol.108, Issue. 2, pp. 287-292, 2004.
  [4] Akhter Hussain Bhat,”Prevalence Estimates and Associated Risk Factors of Cancer in India: An Analytical Review,” International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2023.
  [5] B.B. Su, H. Shi and J. Wan, “Role of serum carcinoembryonic antigen in the detection of colorectal cancer before and after surgical resection,” World journal of gastroenterology: WJG, Vol.18, Issue. 17, pp.2121, 2012.
  [6] B. Meyer and C. Are,” Current status and future directions in colorectal cancer,” Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology, Vol.9, pp.440-441, 2018.
  [7] C. Fitzmaurice, C. Allen, R.M. Barber, L. Barregard, Z.A. Bhutta, H. Brenner and M.Satpathy , “Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 32 cancer groups, 1990 to 2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study,” JAMA oncology, Vol.3, Issue. 4, pp. 524-548, 2017.
  [8] D. Fenqi, L.Yupeng, Z. Qiuju,, Y. Chao, S. Wenjie, X. Tianyi and L. Yanlong, “Early postoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen is a stronger independent prognostic factor for stage II colorectal cancer patients than T4 stage and preoperative CEA,” Frontiers in oncology, Vol.11, 758509, 2022.
  [9] D. Zhao, H. Liu, Y. Zheng, Y. He, D. Lu and C. Lyu,”A reliable method for colorectal cancer prediction based on feature selection and support vector machine,” Medical & biological engineering & computing, Vol.57, pp.901-912, 2019.
  [10] E. Giovannucci,, M.J.Stampfer, G. A. Colditz, E. B. Rimm, D. Trichopoulos, B. A. Rosner and W. C. Willett. Folate, methionine, and alcohol intake and risk of colorectal adenoma. “JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute”, Vol. 85, Issue. 11, pp. 875-883, 1993.
  [11] F. Vandin, E. Upfal and B.J. Raphael, “Algorithms for detecting significantly mutated pathways in cancer,” Journal of Computational Biology, Vol. 18, Issue. 3, pp. 507-522, 2011.
  [12] F.Bray, J. Ferlay, I. Soerjomataram, R. L.Siegel, L.A.Torre and A. Jemal,” Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries,” CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, Vol. 68, Issue. 6, pp. 394-424, 2018.
  [13] G. A. Siregar and H. Sibarani ,”Comparison of carcinoembryonic antigen levels among degree of differentiation and colorectal cancer’s location in medan,” Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences, Vol.7, Issue. 20, pp.3447, 2019.
  [14] G. Y. Locker, S. Hamilton, J. Harris, J.M. Jessup, N. Kemeny, J. S.Macdonald and R. C Bast Jr, “ASCO 2006 update of recommendations for the use of tumor markers in gastrointestinal cancer,” Journal of clinical oncology, Vol. 24, No 33, 5313-5327, 2006.
  [15] H. A Jaber, H. K.Aljobouri and I.Çankaya,” Design of a web laboratory interface for ECG signal analysis using MATLAB builder NE”. Open Computer Science, Vol.12, Issue. 1, pp.227-237, 2022.
  [16] Imran Ali, Waseem A. Wani and Kishwar Saleem, "Cancer scenario in India with future perspectives,"Cancer therapy, Vol. 8, pp.56-70, 2011.
  [17] J. Lee, J. A. Meyerhardt, E. Giovannucci and J. Y. Jeon, “Association between body mass index and prognosis of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies,” PloS one, Vol.10, Issue. 3, e0120706, 2015.
  [18] J.V.Swinnen, T. Roskams, S. Joniau, H.Van Poppel, R. Oyen, L. Baert and G.Verhoeven, ”Overexpression of fatty acid synthase is an early and common event in the development of prostate cancer”, International journal of cancer, Vol.98, Issue.1, pp. 19-22, 2002 .
  [19] K. J. Jung, D. Won, C. Jeon, S. Kim, T. I. Kim, S.H. Jee and T.H. Beaty, ” A colorectal cancer prediction model using traditional and genetic risk scores in Koreans, ” BMC genetics, Vol.16, pp.1-7, 2015.
  [20] M. Notarnicola, C. Messa and Caruso, M. G,”A significant role of lipogenic enzymes in colorectal cancer,” Anticancer Research, Vol. 32, Issue. 7, pp. 2585-2590, 2012.
  [21] M. Swiderska, B. Choroma?ska, E. D?browska, E. Konarzewska-Duchnowska, K. Choroma?ska, G. Szczurko and K. Zwierz,” The diagnostics of colorectal cancer,” Contemporary Oncology, Vol. 18, Issue.1, pp.1-6, 2014.
  [22] M. Zhao, C. Fu, L., Ji, K. Tang and M. Zhou, “Feature selection and parameter optimization for support vector machines: A new approach based on gene tic algorithm with feature chromosomes”. Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 38, Issue. 5, pp. 5197-5204, 2011.
  [23] M.J. Duffy, A.Van Dalen, C. Haglund, L. Hansson, E. Holinski-Feder, R.Klapdor and O.Topolcan, ”Tumour markers in colorectal cancer: European Group on Tumour Markers (EGTM) guidelines for clinical use,” European journal of cancer, Vol.43, Issue. 9, pp.1348-1360, 2007.
  [24] M.Notarnicola, V. Tutino, M. Calvani, D. Lorusso, V. Guerra and M.G.Caruso, ”Serum levels of fatty acid synthase in colorectal cancer patients are associated with tumor stage,” Journal of gastrointestinal cancer, Vol.43, pp. 508-511, 2012.
  [25] M.Porru, L.Pompili, C.Caruso, A.Biroccio and C. Leonetti, “Targeting KRAS in metastatic colorectal cancer: current strategies and emerging opportunities,” Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, Vol. 37, Issue. 1, pp. 1-10, 2018.
  [26] M.Saleh and G.Trinchieri, “Innate immune mechanisms of colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer,” Nature Reviews Immunology, Vol.11, Issue.1, pp. 9-20,2011.
  [27] N. Cueto-López, M.T. García-Ordás, V. Dávila-Batista, V. Moreno, N. Aragonés and R. Alaiz-Rodríguez, “A comparative study on feature selection for a risk prediction model for colorectal cancer,” Computer methods and programs in biomedicine, Vol.177, pp. 219-229, 2019.
  [28] Q.Q. Long, Y. X. Yi, J. Qiu, C. J . Xu and P.L. Huang, “Fatty acid synthase (FASN) levels in serum of colorectal cancer patients: correlation with clinical outcomes,” Tumor Biology, Vol. 35, pp. 3855-3859, 2014.
  [29] R. E. Brown, S. P. Short and C. S.Williams, ”Colorectal cancer and metabolism,” Current colorectal cancer reports, Vol.14, pp. 226-241, 2018.
  [30] R. Siegel, C. DeSantis and A. Jemal,"Colorectal cancer statistics, 2014”, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, Vol.64, Issue.2, pp.104-117, 2014.
  [31] S. Asthana, R. Khenchi and S. Labani, ”Incidence of colorectal cancers in India: A review from population-based cancer registries,” Current Medicine Research and Practice, Vol.11, Issue. 2, pp.91-96, 2021.
  [32] S. Wu and W.Gu, “Association of T stage and serum CEA levels in determining survival of rectal cancer,” Frontiers in medicine, Vol. 6, pp.270, 2020.
  [33] S.Beloribi-Djefaflia, S. Vasseur and F. Guillaumond,”Lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells,” Oncogenesis, Vol.5, e189 , pp.1-10, 2016.
  [34] S.Satish, G.Gore, A. Ganpule, S. Srivastava and M. Athavale,“Comparative Cytotoxicity of Standard of Care Treatment Drugs on Human Breast, Prostate, Colon, Cervical and Hepatic Cancer cell lines”, Int. J. Sci. Res. in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.70-81, 2020
  [35] S.Y. Zhang, M. Lin and H.B. Zhang ,” Diagnostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen and carcinoma antigen 19-9 for colorectal carcinoma”, International journal of clinical and experimental pathology, Vol.8,Issue. 8, pp.9404, 2015.
  [36] T.O. Keku, S. Dulal, A. Deveaux, B. Jovov and X. Han,” The gastrointestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer,“ American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, Vol.308, Issue. 5, pp.G351-G363, 2015.
  [37] U. K. B. Onyinye, I. Abdulmuminu and A. D. Onyine, “A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Knowledge Attitude and Practice of Breast Self-Examination among Female Undergraduates Pharmacy Students in Two Nigeria Universities,”Int. J. Sci. Res. in Biological Sciences, Vol. 6, Isssue.6, 2019.
  [38] W. Jelski and B. Mroczko, “Biochemical markers of colorectal cancer–present and future”. “Cancer management and research”, pp. 4789-4797, 2020.
  [39] Y. Xu, L. Ju, J. Tong, C.M. Zhou and J.J.Yang, ”Machine learning algorithms for predicting the recurrence of stage IV colorectal cancer after tumor resection,” Scientific reports, Vol.10, Issue.1, pp. 2519, 2020.
  [40] Y.M. Tiruneh, D.T. Beshah and M. Wassie, “Incidence of Mortality and Associated Factors Among Colorectal Cancer Patients at Oncology Units of Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study,” Cancer Management and Research, pp.1445-1455, 2022.
  [41] Y.Y. Zaytseva, J.W. Harris, M.I. Mitov, J.T.Kim, D. A. Butterfield, E.Y. Lee and B.M. Evers, “Increased expression of fatty acid synthase provides a survival advantage to colorectal cancer cells via upregulation of cellular respiration. Oncotarget, Vol. 6, Issue. 22, pp.18891, 2015.
  [42] Z. Liu, T. Lu, J. Li, L. Wang, K. Xu, Q. Dang and X. Han, ”Development and clinical validation of a novel six-gene signature for accurately predicting the recurrence risk of patients with stage II/III colorectal cancer,” Cancer Cell International, Vol. 21, Issue. 1, pp.1-12, 2021.

  Citation
  Shoufia Jabeen Mubarak, Hemamalini Vedagiri, "Prediction Model for Assessing the Risk of Colorectal Cancer Based On Clinical Features and Serum Biomarkers," International Journal of Medical Science Research and Practice, Vol.11, Issue.2, pp.1-7, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Unravelling the Patterns of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA): Insights and Implications

  Pawan Kumar

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJMSRP)

  Vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp.8-12, Jun-2024

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) has long been a cornerstone for diagnosis and management of autoimmune diseases. This review aims to elucidate the diverse patterns observed in ANA IFA, exploring their clinical significance, diagnostic utility, and evolving implications in autoimmune diagnostics. We delve into the intricacies of interpreting ANA IFA patterns, emphasizing their correlation with specific autoimmune diseases and highlighting recent advancements in pattern recognition technologies. Furthermore, we discuss challenges, limitations, and future directions in ANA IFA interpretation, paving the way for enhanced precision and efficacy in autoimmune disease diagnosis.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  ANA IFA, SLE, SSc, MCTD, RA, Sclerosis, CREST syndrome

  References
  [1] Anne E. Tebo, Robert L. Schmidt, Kamran Kadkhoda, Lisa K. Peterson, Edward K. L. Chan, Marvin J. Fritzler, Mark H. Wener. “The antinuclear antibody HEp-2 indirect immunofluorescence assay: a survey of laboratory performance, pattern recognition and interpretation.” Auto- immunity highlights Vol. 12, Issue 4, pp 1-10, 2021, oi: 10.1186/s13317-020-00146-w
  [2] Damoiseaux J, Andrade LEC, Carballo OG, Conrad K, Francescantonio PLC, Fritzler MJ, Garcia de la Torre I, Herold M, Klotz W, Cruvinel WM, Mimori T, von Muhlen C, Satoh M, Chan EK. Clinical relevance of HEp-2 indirect immunofluorescent patterns: the International Consensus on ANA patterns (ICAP) perspective. Ann Rheum Dis. Vol 78,Issue 7, pp 879-889.2019 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214436.
  [3] Soto ME, Hernández-Becerril N, Perez-Chiney AC, Hernández-Rizo A, Telich-Tarriba JE, Juárez-Orozco LE, Melendez G, Bojalil R. Predictive value of antinuclear antibodies in autoimmune diseases classified by clinical criteria: Analytical study in a specialized health institute, one year follow-up. Results Immunol. Vol 9; Issue 5, pp 13-22 , 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.rinim.2013.10.003.
  [4] Zafer Mengeloglu, Tekin Tas, Esra Kocoglu, Gülali Aktas, and Seyda Karabörk. “Determination of Anti-nuclear Antibody Pattern Distribution and Clinical Relationship.” Pakistan journal of medical sciences Vol. 30, Issue 2, pp 380-383, 2014 , doi:10.12669/pjms.302.4276
  [5] Prishni Gupta, Pratishtha Agrawal, Neha Rani Verma, Seema Shah, Suprava Patel, Rachita Nanda, and Eli Mohapatra. “Antinuclear Antibody Profiling in Patients of a Tertiary Care Centre in Central India.” Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : Vol. 36, Issue 3, 345-352 ,2021. doi:10.1007/s12291-020-00925-2
  [6] Minoru Satoh, Monica Vázquez-Del Mercado, and Edward K. L. Chan. “Clinical interpretation of antinuclear antibody tests in systemic rheumatic diseases.” Modern rheumatology , Vol. 19, issue 3, pp 219-228, 2009. doi:10.1007/s10165-009-0155-3
  [7] Hyun Jin Cha, Jimin Hwang , Lucy Eunju Lee, Younhee Park, Jason Jungsik Song . “The significance of cytoplasmic antinuclear antibody patterns in autoimmune liver disease.” PloS one, Vol.16, Issue.1, pp.1-12 2021, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244950
  [8] Choi HW, Kwon YJ, Park JH, Lee SY, Chun S, Won EJ, Lee JH, Choi HJ, Kim SH, Shin MG, Shin JH, Kee SJ. Evaluation of a Fully Automated Antinuclear Antibody Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay in Routine Use. Front Immunol. 2020 Dec 4; Vol.11, Issue.1, pp.1-11, 2020 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607541.
  [9] Irure-Ventura, Juan, and Marcos López-Hoyos. “The Past, Present, and Future in Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA).” Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) , Vol.12, Issue.647. pp1-12, 2022. Doi:10.3390/diagnostics12030647

  Citation
  Pawan Kumar, "Unravelling the Patterns of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA): Insights and Implications," International Journal of Medical Science Research and Practice, Vol.11, Issue.2, pp.8-12, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Exploring the Impact of Mind-Healing Techniques on Mitral Valve Area Improvement: A Clinical Case Study

  Shalini Mehta

  Case Study | Journal-Paper (IJMSRP)

  Vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp.13-15, Jun-2024

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  This clinical case study investigates the potential influence of mind-healing techniques on the improvement of mitral valve area in a patient diagnosed with mitral stenosis. The study explores the integration of mindfulness-based interventions alongside conventional medical treatment and assesses the clinical outcomes, focusing on echocardiographic measures of mitral valve area

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Mitral valve stenosis, mind healing, Rheumatic fever, hemodynamics

  References
  [1] Harb SC, Griffin BP. Mitral Valve Disease: a Comprehensive Review. Curr Cardiol Rep. Vol.19, Issue.73, pp.1-8, 2017.
  [2] Zakkar M, Amirak E, Chan KM, Punjabi PP. Rheumatic mitral valve disease: current surgical status. Prog Cardiovasc Dis Vol.51, Issue.6, pp. 478-481, 2009.
  [3] Baird CW, Marx GR, Borisuk M, Emani S, del Nido PJ. Review of Congenital Mitral Valve Stenosis: Analysis, Repair Techniques and Outcomes. Cardiovasc Eng Technol. Vol.6, Issue.2, pp. 167-173, 2015.
  [4] Maier-Lorentz MM. The importance of prayer for mind/body healing. Nurs Forum, Vol.39, Issue.3, pp. 23-32, 2004.
  [5] Jose Luis Gutierrez-Bernal, José Luis Zamorano Gomez,Chapter 11 - Mitral Valve, Editor(s): Roberto M. Lang, Steven A. Goldstein, Itzhak Kronzon, Bijoy K. Khandheria, Dynamic Echocardiography,W.B. Saunders, , Pages 48-56, 2011.
  [6] Burnett-Zeigler, Inger et al. “Mind-Body Approaches to Treating Mental Health Symptoms Among Disadvantaged Populations: A Comprehensive Review.” Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) Vol.22, Issue 2 115-124 , 2016.
  [7] Ott MJ. Mindfulness meditation: a path of transformation & healing. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv, Vol.42, Issue.7, pp. 22-19, 2004.
  [8] Carabello BA. Modern management of mitral stenosis. Circulation. Vol 112, Issue 3, pp 432-437, 2005.

  Citation
  Shalini Mehta, "Exploring the Impact of Mind-Healing Techniques on Mitral Valve Area Improvement: A Clinical Case Study," International Journal of Medical Science Research and Practice, Vol.11, Issue.2, pp.13-15, 2024