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• Open Access   Article

  Influence of physio-chemical parameters on fish diversity in Muthupet estuary, Southeast Coast of India

  A. Suganthi, C. Venkatraman, B. Bharath, K. Perinbam

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp.66-75, Aug-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i4.6675

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  Abstract
  The present investigation was intended to study the variation between physico-chemical parameters and Fish diversity of Muthupet estuarine. Samples were collected on a monthly basis from January 2014 to December 2015 at Muthupet estuarine. Correlation between fish and physico-chemical parameters such as total rainfall, atmospheric temperature, water temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, phosphate and silicate were performed. The significant (P < 0.05) variation among seasons as well as a high influence of these parameters was observed on fish diversity. A total of 22 fin fish species were recorded during the study period in Muthupet estuarine. Maximum Percentage of average fish abundance L. parsia (11%) was recorded in the year 2014 and 2015. The diversity index of muthupet estuary indicates that the estuary is less polluted. Present study revealed that physiochemical parameters play a vital role in species distribution.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Easturine, Physiochemical, Fish, Diversity, Correlation

  References
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  Citation
  A. Suganthi, C. Venkatraman, B. Bharath, K. Perinbam, "Influence of physio-chemical parameters on fish diversity in Muthupet estuary, Southeast Coast of India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.4, pp.66-75, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Exploration of flavonoids from Physcomitrella patens for determining its antimicrobial potential

  A. Gupta, S. Shah, G.G. Saiyed, S.A. Pathan, H.F. Dudha, S.S. Das, S. Palekar

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp.76-81, Aug-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i4.7681

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  Abstract
  Bryophytes (e.g. mosses) is one of the largest taxonomical group and also considered them as an important component of ecosystem. Traditionally, these mosses are widely used in the form of extract (primary/secondary metabolites) and showed immunopharmacological properties (e.g. for curing tuberculosis, pneumonia, neurasthenia and other illnesses) as well. The major primary components of mosses i.e. carbohydrates and secondary metabolites (e.g. flavonoids, terpenoids etc.) showing some immunopharmacological activity. Till date, composition and characterization of only few mosses has been studied in detail with respect to immunopharmacological applications. In the present study, extract the flavonoid from moss species which is identified through qualitative (lead acetate and thin layer chromatography, TLC) and determined its antimicrobial activity against various bacterial strains. The results showed the presence of flavonoids at higher concentration showing inhibitory action against various bacterial strains as compared to control. These studies which clearly indicates its antimicrobial activity. In short, these mosses are considered to be one of the most potent and attractive candidate for human health diseases.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Bryophytes, primary, secondary, metabolites, immunopharmacological

  References
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  Citation
  A. Gupta, S. Shah, G.G. Saiyed, S.A. Pathan, H.F. Dudha, S.S. Das, S. Palekar, "Exploration of flavonoids from Physcomitrella patens for determining its antimicrobial potential," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.4, pp.76-81, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Prevalence of blaSHV gene in Cephalosporin Resistant Salmonella Isolates from Meat Samples in South India

  G Pradeep, S K Mendem, G C Math, C T Shivannavar and S M Gaddad

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp.82-86, Aug-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i4.8286

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  Abstract
  Antibiotic resistant salmonella infections posing a serious threat global health. blaSHV genes belongs a major group of extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL). In the current study, Cephalosporin Resistant in Salmonella spp conformed by detecting blaSHV genes using PCR amplification. 28 cephalosporin resistant Salmonella sp (S. typhimurium, n= 22 and S. enteridis n=06) isolated from meat samples collected from various vendors in Hyderabad city, South India were subjected for phenotypic detection of ESBL production and blaSHV gene responsible for ESBL production was detected by PCR amplification. Among the 28 cephalosporin resistant Salmonella sp (CeRSsp), 4 isolates (14.2%) were positive for ceftazidime mediated ESBL production. Screening of these isolates indicated the presence of about 6 kbp plasmid. PCR amplification indicated the presence of blaSHV gene with an amplicon size of 755 bp. The presence blaSHV gene contributes for ESBL production which makes organisms to show reduced susceptibility against third generation cephalosporins.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Cephalosporin resistant Salmonella sp, ESBL, blaSHV, food-borne pathogens,

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  Citation
  G Pradeep, S K Mendem, G C Math, C T Shivannavar and S M Gaddad, "Prevalence of blaSHV gene in Cephalosporin Resistant Salmonella Isolates from Meat Samples in South India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.4, pp.82-86, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Isolation and characterization of bacteria associated with dental caries with special reference to their etiologic potential

  Abdul Arif Khan, Sudhir Kumar Jain, Archana Shrivastav

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp.87-91, Aug-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i4.8791

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  Abstract
  The dental caries is a significant public health problem affecting a number of children and adults throughout the globe. However, the prevalence of dental caries is increasing with increasing consumption of dietary sugar but several factors other than sugar are suggested for the etiology of dental caries including involvement of microorganisms and host factors. The microbes involved in dental caries convert dietary sugar into acid which lead to demineralization of tooth enamel and ultimately results in development of dental caries. The mutans streptococci including S. mutans are suggested to be involved in the etiology of dental caries. Under certain circumstances dental caries can develop even in the absence of these organisms. Due to the disparity in the etiology of this disease, we designed the study to isolate microbes from dental caries and compared them with microbes isolated from healthy individuals. The results revealed that although mutans streptococci is a major contributor in the etiology of dental caries, but some other non-mutans organisms can also contribute to dental caries etiology. The results suggest that proper consideration for removal of non mutans cariogenic bacteria should be given in addition to removal of mutans streptococci for management of dental caries. The results also suggest that some future studies focusing on removal of non mutans organism, mutans streptococci and both kind of organisms and their subsequent effects on management of dental caries should be done in order to understand relative contribution of these organisms in disease etiology.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Dental caries, sugar, microbes, Streptococcus, dental plaque

  References
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  Citation
  Abdul Arif Khan, Sudhir Kumar Jain, Archana Shrivastav, "Isolation and characterization of bacteria associated with dental caries with special reference to their etiologic potential," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.4, pp.87-91, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) changes feeding strategy throughout its ontogeny: An explanation from feeding ecology

  Sandip Majumder, Neha Majumdar, Pinki Ghosh, Surjya Kumar Saikia, Samar Kumar Saha

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp.92-96, Aug-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i4.9296

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  Abstract
  Labeo rohita is a popular Indian major carp species in carp polyculture practice. It is known as water column feeder which feeds on plankton. In the juvenile and adult stages rohu is essentially an herbivorous column feeder, preferring algae and submerged vegetation. Under natural condition, in fingerling stage, it prefers zooplankton, with phytoplankton as subsidiary food. At this stage it exhibited a strong positive selection for all zooplanktonic organisms and smaller phytoplankton. Adults show a strong negative selection for all zooplanktonic organisms and positive selection for most phytoplanktonic organisms. However, in periphytic environment, it ingests sub-periphytic organisms present in proximity to substrate. In conclusion, it is agreed that L. rohita exhibits different feeding strategy during its growth from fingerling to adult and also from planktonic to periphytic environment. Adoption of a fish culture strategy according to its differential feeding strategy would maximize in converting naturally available resources to fish biomass especially in polyculture practice.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Indian Major Carp, feed selectivity, resource-partitioning, polyculture, periphyton, phytoplankton

  References
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  Citation
  Sandip Majumder, Neha Majumdar, Pinki Ghosh, Surjya Kumar Saikia, Samar Kumar Saha, "Rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) changes feeding strategy throughout its ontogeny: An explanation from feeding ecology," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.4, pp.92-96, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Preliminary phytochemical screening and antifungal activity of bilimbi and papaya leaf extract on fungal pathogens

  Chinju Merin Abraham, Soumya Prasad

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp.97-102, Aug-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i4.97102

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  Abstract
  The present study has witnessed the phytochemical and antifungal property of bilimbi and papaya aqueous leaf extracts. Through the preliminary phytochemical screening, bilimbi leaf extract indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, steroids and papaya leaf extract indicated the presence of terpenoids, saponins, coumarins and steroids. We isolated and identified fungal pathogens from root and seed of paddy plant inoculated on PDA medium. Disc diffusion method was used to measure the antifungal property of leaf extracts on 3 selected fungal genera such as Cylindrocarpon, Penicillium and Curvularia which were used as test organism. The extracts having antimicrobial activity has varied diameter of zone of inhibition among the tested organisms. Bilimbi leaf extract has antifungal activity against Cylindrocarpon, Penicillium with zone of inhibition of 10mm, and 5mm respectively and no markable activity against Curvularia. Papaya leaf extract has antifungal activity against Cylindrocarpon, Penicillium and Curvularia with zone of inhibition of 12mm, 5mm and 15mm respectively. The highest level of antifungal activity was recorded in papaya leaf extract which was active against all tested organisms that may be due to the presence of different types of phytochemicals. Plant metabolites are strong candidate contribute to develop new leads, combat the emerging issues of drug resistance.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Aqueous leaf extract, Phytochemicals, Antifungal activity, Disc diffusion, Bilimbi, Papaya

  References
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  Citation
  Chinju Merin Abraham, Soumya Prasad, "Preliminary phytochemical screening and antifungal activity of bilimbi and papaya leaf extract on fungal pathogens," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.4, pp.97-102, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Growth sustaining aspects of Excoecaria agallocha L. for strategic afforestation protocols

  Neethu G. Pillai and Harilal C.C.

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp.103-108, Aug-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i4.103108

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  Abstract
  Restoration/ afforestation initiatives on mangroves primarily require reliable information on the growth requirements of the targeted mangrove species. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the hydrogeochemical, sedimentological and climatological conditions ideal for the growth and establishment of the mangrove species Excoecaria agallocha L. in pursuit of their afforestation practices. Assessment of the physicochemical characteristics of water and soil / sediment along with climatological attributes from three heterogeneous habitats falling in the coastal environments of Kerala was monitored monthly for a period of one year for deriving conclusions regarding the growth requirements of E. agallocha. Statistical analysis revealed the most vital attributes of water which influence the growth of E. agallocha are water pH, turbidity, total suspended solids, resistivity, acidity, alkalinity, phosphorous and potassium and also the sedimentological characteristics such as pH, moisture %, sand, silt, clay %, organic carbon, nitrogen, potassium and sodium. The study as a whole reported the capability of E. agallocha to cope up with different hydrological and sedimentological conditions in terms of tolerance or augmented range, which will form a basis for future afforestation initiatives.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Excoecaria agallocha, growth sustaining conditions, water quality, sediment quality, climatology

  References
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  Citation
  Neethu G. Pillai and Harilal C.C., "Growth sustaining aspects of Excoecaria agallocha L. for strategic afforestation protocols," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.4, pp.103-108, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Conservation of Plant Biodiversity: Current Strategies and Future Needs

  Amanjot Kaur

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp.109-113, Aug-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i4.109113

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  Abstract
  The issues related to the threats to plant biodiversity and its conservation have not been much highlighted as in the case of animal biodiversity. Out of seven million species of plants and animals living on the earth, there are nearly 3,90,800 plants species. Deforestation, habitat destruction, climate change, invasive species, pollution, mining, river valley projects, human overpopulation and over-harvesting are the major threats to plant biodiversity. This review focuses on effect of biodiversity loss on ecosystems, the need to conserve plant diversity and the present conservation strategies. It also highlights the biodiversity conventions around the world and measures to taken to protect plant diversity globally.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Biodiversity, Deforestation, Invasive species, Conservation, Strategies

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  Citation
  Amanjot Kaur, "Conservation of Plant Biodiversity: Current Strategies and Future Needs," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.4, pp.109-113, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Proteases: A Beneficial Degradative Enzyme in Therapeutic Applications

  Lakhan Kumar, Sudhir Kumar Jain

  Review Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp.114-118, Aug-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i4.114118

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  Abstract
  Proteases probably arose at the initial phases of protein development as simple degradative enzymes essential for protein degradation into its simpler form as amino acids in prokaryotic organisms. Proteases are an increasing group of enzymes that hold great potential. Proteases are produced by animals, plants, and microorganisms. Microorganisms play a dominant role in the field of proteases production. Their contribution in the life cycle of numerous pathogenic organisms has led them to become a probable target for emerging therapeutic agents in contradiction of life-threatening diseases. These enzymes are being utilized in the cure of respiratory tract issues, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and cancer. Proteases promote healing process of tissue damage; it may be surgical or accidental damages, fractures or burns. Due to these special features, proteases are an emerging class of enzymes that possess diverse medical applications. Along with proteases, protease inhibitors are also played a very important role in disease control. Therefore protease inhibitors have drawn the attention towards their crucial role in the therapeutic application.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Degradative enzyme, Cardiovascular disease, Tissue damage, Medical applications, Cancer, Protease inhibitors

  References
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  Citation
  Lakhan Kumar, Sudhir Kumar Jain, "Proteases: A Beneficial Degradative Enzyme in Therapeutic Applications," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.4, pp.114-118, 2018

• Open Access   Article

  Homology modeling and molecular docking studies of Purple acid Phosphatase from Setaria italica (Foxtail millet)

  H.A.DRajendran, B.Malgija, N.S.Ebenezer, U.Maheswari, Victor Roch G, J.Priyakumari, S.Ignacimuthu

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp.119-124, Aug-2018

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v5i4.119124

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  Abstract
  Purple acid Phosphatases (PAPs) hydrolyze insoluble organophosphate compounds to soluble Phosphorous which can be directly acquired by plants from the soil. PAPs have major functions in plant phosphorous nutrition and various studies have been carried out on expression and activity induced by phosphorous starvation. In the present study, the three-dimensional structure of PAPs of Setaria italica (Foxtail millet) was generated by homology modeling and was scrutinized by assessment analysis to confirm the suitability and reliability of the predicted model. Further, a molecular docking analysis was carried out using organophosphate compounds such as Diphosphate and Zoledronic acid to study the binding ability. The docked complexes showed the binding affinity of PAPs with the given organophosphate compounds (Diphosphate and Zoledronic acid) possessing energy values of -6.85 and -3.74 Kcal/mol respectively.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  PAPs, Homology modeling, Molecular docking, organophosphate, starvation

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  Citation
  H.A.DRajendran, B.Malgija, N.S.Ebenezer, U.Maheswari, Victor Roch G, J.Priyakumari, S.Ignacimuthu, "Homology modeling and molecular docking studies of Purple acid Phosphatase from Setaria italica (Foxtail millet)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.4, pp.119-124, 2018