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  The study of the Relationships of Microcystis aeruginosa to the Geographically Diverse Distribution

  Kailash Prasad Jaiswal, Ragini Gothalwal, A.S. Yadav

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp.1-16, Dec-2022

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  Cyanobacteria blooms occurred worldwide, including in India Microcystis aeruginosa is a cyanotoxins producing species that occurs in aquatic habitats such as lakes and rivers and varies with different geographical locations. Microcystin (Hepatotoxin) causes serious health hazards in humans, animals, and aquatic living organisms. The ability of microcystin to inhibit the growth of cancer cell lines may lead to the discovery of effective anticancer drugs, pharmacological and toxicological significance of the cyanobacterial genera Microcystis. The influence of nutritional, physicochemical, and environmental factors had effects on the release of microcystin (Hepatotoxin) in Microcystis aeruginosa in different aquatic environments of central India. In this study, we investigated the distribution of potentially-toxic Microcystis aeruginosa for environmental factors that influence the abundance of Microcystis aeruginosa cell density in lakes, dams, and rivers of different aquatic regions (Bhopal, Ujjain, Tikamgarh, Gwalior, and Rewa) of central India. Microcystis aeruginosa populations were found in 97.5% of the sites, with the number of cells peaking in the rainy season (7.3 x 106 cells L?1), followed by similar trends in the winter season (6.1 x 106 cells L?1), and a significant decrease in the summer (4.2 x 106 cells L?1). Seasonal significant differences were observed in the rainy (p>0.07), winter (p>0.05) and summer (p>0.02) seasons in Microcystis aruginosa. Thus, a significant difference in microcystin-producing Microcystis aeruginosa cells and Chl-concentrations throughout the year, correlating with these various biological and physicochemical parameters, confirms the importance of local environmental factors like phosphorus, nitrate, DO concentration, and pH, as well as regional conditions like distance from built areas and nature reserve parameters, in influencing the geographical distribution of toxigenic Microcystis. Furthermore, the results show that microcystin identified the pharmacological importance of the cyanobacterial genera Microcystis aeruginosa.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Diversity, Toxigenic, Microcystis, anticancer, Secondary Metabolite

  References
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  Citation
  Kailash Prasad Jaiswal, Ragini Gothalwal, A.S. Yadav, "The study of the Relationships of Microcystis aeruginosa to the Geographically Diverse Distribution," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.6, pp.1-16, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Retrospective analysis of Immuno-fixation Electrophoresis in the Detection of Multiple Myeloma: An Experience of a Corporate Laboratory

  Pawan Kumar

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp.17-19, Dec-2022

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  Abstract
  Multiple Myeloma (M.M) is a malignant proliferation of B cell lineage mutated plasma cells, which secretes immunoglobulin as resulting in monoclonal elevations of immunoglobulins of same clonality. These monoclonal immunoglobulins can be identified by Immunofixation electrophoresis. Identification of these immunoglobulins helps to differentiate between suspected cases of multiple myeloma and benign conditions. Serum samples from 112 suspected cases of M.M were subjected to immunofixation electrophoresis on Sebia Minicap System. Monoclonal band was detected and typing of heavy chain and light chain was performed. We observed approx. 20.5 % cases had monoclonal gammopathy. Out of these approx. 60.8 % cases showed IgG type of monoclonal gammopathy. IFE is specialized non-invasive test, which can be used to identify monoclonal gammopathy where suspicion of MM is very high and where other tests are inconclusive. IFE should be recommended to the suspected cases of multiple myeloma.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Multiple Myeloma, B-Cells, Iummunofixation Electrophoresis, Plasma Cells

  References
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  Citation
  Pawan Kumar, "Retrospective analysis of Immuno-fixation Electrophoresis in the Detection of Multiple Myeloma: An Experience of a Corporate Laboratory," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.6, pp.17-19, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Characterization, Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Properties of stem bark extract of Theobroma cacao (Cocoa)

  Timilehin Francis Olaleye, Oluwagbenga John Ogunbiyi

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp.20-25, Dec-2022

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  Abstract
  Theobroma cacao (cocoa) is one of the medicinal plants that most of its properties is yet to be fully unravel as it is underutilized in most part of the countries. Several reports have focused on few of its uses in the area of ethno-medicine and folk medicine. The aim of this study is to characterize the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial properties of Theobroma cacao stem bark extract. The phytochemicals were extracted from dried milled stem bark of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) using solvent extraction method. The results showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, phenols, carboxylic acids and flavonoids. Antimicrobial acid metabolite indicates the presence of micro-organisms such as Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while the neutral and basic metabolites activities indicates nil-potential towards same micro-organisms. The proximate analysis of cocoa stem bark extract was also evaluated and the antimicrobial activities of the extract were compared with standard antibiotics.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Cocoa, Stem bark, Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, Metabolites, Characterization

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  Citation
  Timilehin Francis Olaleye, Oluwagbenga John Ogunbiyi, "Characterization, Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Properties of stem bark extract of Theobroma cacao (Cocoa)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.6, pp.20-25, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Lipid Profile Alterations in Different Tissues of Channa punctatus, During Different Periods of Fasting and Refeeding

  Zubair Shafi Dar, S.S. Pawar, S.B. Dongre, Mashooq A.Wani

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp.26-29, Dec-2022

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  Abstract
  Many animals undergo starvation every year for environmental reasons. Animals respond to starvation by changing their biochemical and physiological systems in adaptive ways that trigger the loss of body weight due to a lack of food. The organism tries to conserve energy by reducing the number of calories. In this study, Channa punctatus was administered for fasting periods of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days and refeeding periods of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The findings confirmed that after 7 days of fasting, liver lipids depreciated but recovered after 7 days of refeeding. Mobilization of lipids occurs in the muscle tissue after 14 days, and these reserves begin to re-establish themselves after 21 days of refeeding. However, after starvation, the lipid content in the muscle, gills, and kidney was reported in decreasing order, and the lipid profile concentration level increased after 28 days of refeeding in these tissues. Notably, the alterations in the metabolism of lipids through these stages can be considered survival approaches used by Channa punctatus. The alteration in the metabolic profile of the tissues, that influences in the stages of fasting, and the types of assets mobilized were all evidence.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Starvation, Lipids, Metabolism, Refeeding, Channa punctatus

  References
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  Citation
  Zubair Shafi Dar, S.S. Pawar, S.B. Dongre, Mashooq A.Wani, "Lipid Profile Alterations in Different Tissues of Channa punctatus, During Different Periods of Fasting and Refeeding," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.6, pp.26-29, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  IGH gene rearrangement in Acute Lymphoid Leukemia: A study from western region of India

  Mahnaz M. Kazi, Pina J. Trivedi, Dharmesh M. Patel, Priya K. Varma, Archana Patel

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp.30-36, Dec-2022

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is found to be a heterogeneous disorder that coexists with multiple clones. The treatment and outcome of ALL is dependent on risk stratifications of ALL patients that is decided on the basis of prognostic factors such as WBC count, age, immunophenotype and cytogenetic aberrations. There are about 75% of ALL patients that harbors recurring chromosomal aberrations out of which 5% had IGH gene rearrangement. This rearrangement can be detected by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH). The present work was conducted for studying the prevalence of IGH gene rearrangement and to correlate it with prognostic factors and survival. In the present study, blood, and bone marrow of newly diagnosed 50 ALL patients were included. Molecular cytogenetic method i.e., FISH was used to identify rearrangement in IGH gene present on chromosome 14q32 using IGH break apart probe. The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS software and were considered statistically significant when p value ? 0.05. In the present study, 14 (28%) patients had signal pattern other than 2F. Among 14 patients with abnormal signal pattern, 9 (18%) had rearrangement of IGH gene (OGF), 4 (8%) had gain of IGH gene (FFF/FFFF) and 1 (2%) had loss of IGH gene (F). IGH gene rearrangement and IGH gene abnormality (IGH gene rearrangement, IGH gene gain and IGH gene loss) was found to be significantly associated with B-ALL subtype. Also, IGH gene abnormality was significantly correlated with patients belonging to younger age group and absence of splenomegaly. Additionally, out of total 9 patients with IGH gene rearrangement, 3 (33%) patients died and all of them were of B-ALL subtype. FISH is a powerful tool to analyze cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with ALL. IGH gene rearrangement defines a genetic feature that is frequent among patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Moreover, patients with IGH gene rearrangement and of B-ALL subtype showed poor prognosis.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  ALL, IGH gene, Fluorescence in-situ hybridization

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  Citation
  Mahnaz M. Kazi, Pina J. Trivedi, Dharmesh M. Patel, Priya K. Varma, Archana Patel, "IGH gene rearrangement in Acute Lymphoid Leukemia: A study from western region of India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.6, pp.30-36, 2022