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Open Access Article
Thualfiqar Ghalib Turki, Jumana Waleed Ammar
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp.1-6, Aug-2024
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects women and impacts the ovaries. Obesity, genetics, and the environment are major causes of PCOS. Many disorders are associated with PCOS such as anovulation, hyperinsulinemia, and trouble with the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis. Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are some of the hormones affected in PCOS. A high leptin level in obese women is the main cause for elevation of GnRH. The aim of this study is to determine the roles of GnRH, leptin, LH, and FSH in the occurrence of polycystic ovarian syndrome. A biochemical study was carried out from January to march 2024, involving 100 samples from Iraqi women suffered from PCOS collected from Al-Zahraa teaching hospital and Al-Diwaniyah hospital of children ,alongside 100 samples from healthy women. Measurement of GnRH , Leptin ,LH , FSH concentration were achieved by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The P-value test was utilized to analyze the data and determine the statistical significance of the study results. The concentrations of GnRH, leptin, LH, and FSH hormones were elevated in PCOS patients compared to the control group. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in these parameters between PCOS patients and the control group, with a P-value of 0.0001* for all parameters. Elevated levels of GnRH, leptin, LH, and FSH are highly associated with the occurrence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and contribute to hormonal imbalances depending on the stage of the condition. There is a correlation between leptin and GnRH: elevated leptin levels in obese women lead to increased stimulation of GnRH from the hypothalamus, which, in turn, stimulates the pituitary gland to produce more LH and FSH. Obesity is considered a primary factor in the elevation of GnRH levels in PCOS, resulting in symptoms such as hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia.Key-Words / Index Term
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone, Leptin hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Obesity.References
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Thualfiqar Ghalib Turki, Jumana Waleed Ammar, "Role of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Leptin Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, and Obesity in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.4, pp.1-6, 2024 -
Open Access Article
Evaluation of Aqueous Seed Extracts of Garcinia Kola and Allium Sativum in Hair Loss Reduction
Yemisi Otasanya
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp.7-14, Aug-2024
Abstract
Aim: The medicinal effect of a mixture of aqueous seed extracts of Garcinia Kola and Allium Sativum extracts, applied directly to the scalp of West African females with type 4B and 4C Afro textured hair and their impact in reducing hair shedding/loss over the period of application was investigated in this study. Experimental Design: A placebo human study, enrolling nine participants from West Africa between the ages 15 and 52, were used as the experimental subjects for this study. Subjects were divided into 3 groups (A-C) with group A as the control having 2 females and 1 male, applying no solution to their scalp or hair. The females had sewed in braids and the male was low-cut. Group B was the test group with the aqueous seed extracts applied directly on the scalp and hair strands, and had 2 females and 1 male, while Group C maintained their existing hair cleansing routine, had 3 females and was used as the placebo. Hair loss was analyzed through observation. Hair shedding and breakage was calculated, monitored and recorded. Place and Duration of Study: The research work and administration of the extracts was carried out at the homes of the participants in Lagos, Nigeria for a period of two months. Methodology: Nine West Africans of both male and female sexes between the ages of 15 and 52 and with Afro-textured type 4B and 4C hair were selected for the research. Treatment was done on Group B, with 250mls of Administration of the extracts applied directly to their scalp every 3 days between the hours of 6am to 8am, with the hair braided and left for 10 minutes, after which it was rinsed off with clean water. The extract was not applied to Group A (Control) and Group C (Placebo). Measurements of the amount of hair fall and shedding was carried out every 2 weeks for a period of 2 months for all groups. Measurement of the amount of hair fall commenced 2 weeks across all groups, before the administration of the extracts and stopped 2 weeks after the last administration. A total of 20 doses were administered.Key-Words / Index Term
Afro-textured hair, type 4B and 4C, Allium Sativum, Garcinia Kola, Placebo human studyReferences
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Yemisi Otasanya, "Evaluation of Aqueous Seed Extracts of Garcinia Kola and Allium Sativum in Hair Loss Reduction," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.4, pp.7-14, 2024 -
Open Access Article
Zahraa A.N. Al-Yassiry, Mohammed Abdullah jebor, Basheer Al-Alwani
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp.15-19, Aug-2024
Abstract
Diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin, is found in significant quantities in some plant species, such as Dioscorea alata, Smilax China, and Trigonella foenum graecum. The bioactive phytochemical discussed in this context serves as a crucial precursor in the pharmaceutical sector for the synthesis of numerous steroidal medications. Additionally, it has demonstrated significant promise and garnered considerable attention for its potential therapeutic applications in addressing a range of disorders, including cancer, hypercholesterolemia, inflammation, and various infections. The objective of this research was to assess the diosgenin concentration in Dioscorea samples obtained from several local markets by the utilization of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The findings indicated that the content of Diosgenin was determined within the range assessed using the standard diosgenin. The utilization of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the quantitative assessment of diosgenin has been determined to be a rapid, precise, straightforward, and cost-efficient alternative method for the examination of diosgenin.Key-Words / Index Term
Diosgenin, HPLC , Dioscorea , bioprospection , plant , physiologyReferences
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[30] Husham Enshasy et al., “The edible mushroom pleurotus spp.: I. Biodiversity and nutritional values,” International Journal of Biotechnology for Wellness Industries, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 67–83, Jul. 2015. doi:10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.02.4
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[34] Young-Jin Park, “Genetic diversity analysis of ganoderma species and development of a specific marker for identification of medicinal mushroom ganoderma lucidum,” African Journal of Microbiology Research, vol. 6, no. 25, Jul. 2012. doi:10.5897/ajmr12.846
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Zahraa A.N. Al-Yassiry, Mohammed Abdullah jebor, Basheer Al-Alwani, "Estimation of Diosgenin by HPLC in a Dioscorea zingiberensis Collection from Different Local Markets in Middle and South Iraq," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.4, pp.15-19, 2024 -
Open Access Article
Ahmed Abdulhaleem Al Shammari
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp.20-24, Aug-2024
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a human pathogen that takes advantage of patients with weak immune systems, causing severe acute and chronic diseases. Its ability to create antibiotic-resistant biofilms explains its significant persistence in clinical settings. We collected a maximum of 25 clinical and ecological samples from the general hospitals located within the city of Al-Hilla to characterize the prevalent strains of P. aeruginosa among patients. We isolated and identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the culture technique on cetrimide agar at a temperature of 42 °C. A random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primer named opY-10 was used to observe a total of 6 DNA fragments with sizes ranging from 100 to 1500bp. We commonly detected 13 amplified polymorphic fragments among the 8 isolates of P. aeruginosa from various sources. The use of different primers resulted in distinct genetic profiles. The results indicate that RAPD-PCR analysis is an effective genetic screening technique for identifying genetic variations among pseudomonas aeuroginosa isolates.Key-Words / Index Term
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, RAPD, PCR , primer , polymorphismsReferences
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Ahmed Abdulhaleem Al Shammari, "Genotyping of Pseudomonas aeuroginosa Isolated form Different Sources Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA –PCR Technique," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.4, pp.20-24, 2024 -
Open Access Article
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities Estimation In vicia faba Leaves
Zahraa A.N. Al-Yassiry
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp.25-29, Aug-2024
Abstract
Plant cells have the inherent ability to produce reactive oxygen species and oxygen radicals as secondary products during various physiological processes associated with abiotic stress. The disruption of the equilibrium between the generation of reactive oxygen species and the defense systems against oxidative harm is a significant consequence of abiotic stress in plants. As a consequence, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species occurs, hence triggering the onset of oxidative stress. Jasmonates represent a class of plant hormones that exert significant regulatory influence over several physiological processes. These processes include gene and metabolic regulation, immune mechanisms, responses to stress, reproductive activities, and interaction between cells, among other roles. The presence of oxidative stress induces the synthesis of metabolites possessing antioxidant characteristics and augments the efficacy of antioxidant enzymes, hence conferring a safeguarding impact on plant tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of methyl jasmonate (JAME) administration on reactive oxygen species and the activities of H2O2 scavenging enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione in vicia faba leaves. After implementing a therapy strategy with JAME, there was an elevation in the activity levels of the enzyme superoxide dismutase , catalase , and glutathione.Key-Words / Index Term
MJ, OVG, vicia faba , SOD, Catalase and glutathioneReferences
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[35] Young-Jin Park, “Genetic diversity analysis of ganoderma species and development of a specific marker for identification of medicinal mushroom ganoderma lucidum,” African Journal of Microbiology Research, vol. 6, no. 25, Jul. 2012. doi:10.5897/ajmr12.846
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Zahraa A.N. Al-Yassiry, "Antioxidant Enzyme Activities Estimation In vicia faba Leaves," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.4, pp.25-29, 2024 -
Open Access Article
Didi Osomuze Thankgod, Ernest Anayochukwu Anyalogbu, Odangowei Inetiminebi Ogidi
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp.30-39, Aug-2024
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the physicochemical properties and species diversity of crustacean zooplankton in Ikarama River. It was carried out from 16th of September to 18th of August. Four stations were examined consecutively, moving from a point higher up in the stream to a point lower down. The distance between each station was approximately 400 metres. The water was tested for seventeen different physicochemical parameters according to the AOAC`s official techniques of analysis and the Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. The Air and water surface temperatures results ranged from 28.0oC to 29.5oC. Transparency (1.8 m – 1.9 m) and Total suspended solids (70.5 mg-1-75.0 mg-1) showed inverse relationship. Depth ranged from 65 cm to 80 cm, while turbidity ranged from 50 NTU to 55 NTU. TDS ranged between 65 mg-1 and 72 mg-1, total solids ranged between 6.1 mg-1 and 7.0 mg-1. pH values ranged from 5.5 to 6.5. Dissolved oxygen value ranged from 8.5 mg-1 to 10.0 mg-1, while the BOD5 (2.9 mg-1 and 4.5 mg-1) indicated no form of pollution or stress on the water body. Conductivity and chloride values ranged from 9.0 ?scm-1 to 10.7 ?scm-1 and 60.0 mg-1 to 60.5 mg-1 respectively. The water of River Ikarama was relatively low in its assemblage of crustacean zooplankton. A total of 11 crustacean zooplankton species belonging to 9 genera in 5 families and 3 orders were obtained during the study period. The family Cyclopoidae was the dominant group in the order Cyclopoida while the family Chydoridae was the only family recorded in the order Cladocera. All the eleven taxa were recorded in all stations. In all stations, the Copepoda were more abundant than the Cladocera and Harpacticoida. The study also established that the overall density of copepod was not significantly different (P<0.05) between the study stations. All the species recorded were almost evenly distributed in all the stations. No evidence of water pollution recorded in any of the stations sampled. The river was relatively homogenous across the different stations and all the parameters were within the WHO recommended standards for domestic use.Key-Words / Index Term
Physico-chemical parameters, Ikarama River, Zooplankton, Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Cladocera, Cyclopoida, ChydoridaeReferences
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Didi Osomuze Thankgod, Ernest Anayochukwu Anyalogbu, Odangowei Inetiminebi Ogidi, "Physico-Chemical Properties and Species Diversity of Crustacean Zooplankton in Ikarama River, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.4, pp.30-39, 2024
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