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• Open Access   Article

  Growth, Physiological Responses and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Silica Nanoparticles Application at Different Growth Stages

  Bitopi Biswas, M. Robiul Islam

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp.1-10, Jul-2024

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  The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of nano-silica application methods on the growth, physiological responses and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). The field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, from November 2021 to April 2022. Silica nano powder (<100 nm particle size (TEM), ?98% trace metals basis) was brought from Sigma-Aldrich was used for this experiment. The experiment consists of two nano Si application periods as 8-10-leaves stage or early stage, E and taselling stage or late stage, L and in four nano-silica application methods as soil application, SA; foliar application, FA, soil application + foliar application, SA+FA and control or without silica application, CK. Treatments were replicated three times and arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Standard irrigation and fertilization schedule as well as other cultivation procedures were followed during the experiment. Results revealed that most of the growth characters (plant height, leaf area, total dry matter production and crop growth rate), physiological parameters (relative leaf water content, canopy cover and chlorophyll content) yield contributing characters (cob length, number of grains cob-1, 1000-grain weight, stover yield and biological yield) and yield (grain yield) was highest for early stage nano silica application, and the values are much effective with foliar application. Highest grain yield (6.82t ha-1), stover yield (8.92t ha-1) and biological yield (15.74t ha-1) were found at early nano silica application. Considering application methods highest cob length (29.10cm), no of grain per cob-1 (562.1), 1000 grain weight (296.2 gm), grain yield (6.91t ha-1), stover yield (8.66t ha-1), biological yield (15.57 t ha-1) and harvest index (44.39%) was found for foliar application method. The interaction effect of nano Si application stage and application methods did not show any significant influence except no. of grains cob-1 and grain yield. Considering maximum progressive response in maize. it can be recommended that foliar application of nano Si (@15 kg/ha) at the early growth stage (8-10 leaf stage) would be the best practice for maize production in experimental areas.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  nano silica; maize growth; Canopy cover; leaf color code

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  Citation
  Bitopi Biswas, M. Robiul Islam, "Growth, Physiological Responses and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Silica Nanoparticles Application at Different Growth Stages," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.7, pp.1-10, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Beyond Urbanization: Language Transcendence of Manobo- Agusanon Language Through Multilingualism in Agusan Del Sur, Philippines

  Febb Brix G. Onarse, Rene M. Bonifacio

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp.11-28, Jul-2024

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  Abstract
  Language urbanization creates an image of the minority language as broken, and minority languages lose their original characteristics. This study aims to analyze how multilingualism safeguards the Manobo-Agusanon language despite the language urbanization of the Manobo people in Tagmanuro, Barangay Sayon, Agusan Del Sur, Philippines. This study considered 15 fluent Manobo-Agusanon speakers as the respondents employing purposive sampling. The study employed ethnography, in-depth sociolinguistics interviews, and focus group discussion. The study used the Fishman`s Theory of Reversing Language Shift, Bourdieusian’s Theory of Multilingualism, and Paulston`s Theory of Language Maintenance in the analysis of data. The study shows that the drive changes to the Manobo-Agusanon practices are social, intermarriage, education, cultural, physical/demographic dislocation, human intervention, religion, and migration. The effects of language urbanization are social, physical/demographic dislocation, and education. It exposes that the linguistic circumstance to the indigenous cultural community is a linguistic market of the home and from home to school. Furthermore, multilingualism fosters the Manobo-Agusanon language, such as self-imposed boundary maintenance, language adjustments, education, loyalty, and diglossia-like-situation. The study concludes that multilingualism safeguards the Manobo-Agusanon language, notwithstanding language urbanization, which plays a vital role in transcending the language. Multilingualism and its practices, such as MTB-MLE in the educational setting, help provide the opportunity for languages to be used and language development to be enriched by its speakers in the community for language development for future generations.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  language transcendence, Manobo-Agusanon language, multilingualism, vitality, sociolinguistics, Philippines

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  Citation
  Febb Brix G. Onarse, Rene M. Bonifacio, "Beyond Urbanization: Language Transcendence of Manobo- Agusanon Language Through Multilingualism in Agusan Del Sur, Philippines," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.7, pp.11-28, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Assessing the Vulnerabilities of Online Digital Mobile Banking Applications in Nigeria

  Grace Bunmi Akintola

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp.29-45, Jul-2024

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  Abstract
  In this digitalized era, people prefer conducting their banking transactions and services remotely, anywhere, any day, and anytime without visiting their local banks physically. This has caused a great increase in the utilization of mobile devices by users such as Android phones on which mobile bank applications are being installed to carry out financial transactions. Despite the numerous benefits of using various mobile banking applications, there are huge issues concerning security and privacy aspects that can be leveraged by malicious hackers such as task hijacking which involves taking over the legitimate user’s activity to perform further cyber attacks, thereby, causing harm (such as Denial of Service attacks) to the users. Therefore, this paper focuses on assessing the vulnerabilities of twelve (12) selected Nigerian digital banks’ mobile applications installed on an Android mobile device using the Ostorlab which is a mobile security testing tool. The selected digital banks’ mobile apps include Kuda, moniepoint, fundall, carbon, sparkle, vbank, palmpay, opay, mintyn, eyowo, ALAT and Fairmoney banks. A total number of 32 vulnerabilities were discovered generally while sixteen (16) vulnerabilities were most commonly found across all the mobile applications. Vbank was discovered to have the maximum number of vulnerabilities with 68.75% while Fundall bank had the least vulnerabilities with 46.88%.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  banking, mobile bank application, security, privacy, vulnerabilities, digital banks, Ostorlab

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  [35] D. F. Priambodo, G. S. Ajie, H. A. Rahman, A. C. F. Nugraha, A. Rachmawati and M. R. Avianti, "Mobile Health Application Security Assessment Based on OWASP Top 10 Mobile Vulnerabilities," in 2022 International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation (ICITSI), Bandung, Indonesia, 2022.

  Citation
  Grace Bunmi Akintola, "Assessing the Vulnerabilities of Online Digital Mobile Banking Applications in Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.7, pp.29-45, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Unveiling Financial Strength: Piotroski’s F-Score Analysis in the Indian Automobile Industry

  Anuradha Joshi, Asha Sharma

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp.46-49, Jul-2024

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  Abstract
  One of the main investment options that offers investors good returns is to invest in equity market. The return of these equity investments varies since share values are subject to vary with a number of factors. These external factors, such as interest rates, government policies, foreign exchange rates, etc., and firm-specific financial characteristics, such as turnover ratios, earning capacity ratio, dividend ratios, asset position, substantial capital investment, market value per share, etc., are the fundamental and strong factors that affect share prices. Piotroski`s F score evaluates a company`s financial health using nine fundamental ratios. Three distinct categories are evaluated by these ratios: operating efficiency, financial soundness, and profitability. The study focuses on to measure the relationship between the determinants that lead to influence share prices and share performance. The study aims to measure the impact of Piotroski`s F-score and financial factors affect share prices and firm value. Regression of Panel Data with Fixed Effect was applied. The study discovered that Financial Factors and Piotroski F-Score positively impact a firm`s share prices. Furthermore, a substantial correlation has been observed between the Piotroski F score and share prices. The results of this study may provide practical insights for industry practitioners, such as finance professionals and executives within the automobile sector, helping them make more informed financial decisions.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Financial Factors, Piotroski`s F Score, Firm efficiency, Firm performance, earning capacity, earning to price

  References
  [1] F. Sukesti, I. Ghozali, F. Fuad, A. K. Almasyhari, and N. Nurcahyono, “Factors Affecting the Stock Price: The Role of Firm Performance,” J. Asian Financ. Econ. Bus., Vol.8, No.2, 2021, doi: 10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no2.0165.
  [2] N. P. Singh and A. Tandon, “The Effect of Dividend Policy on Stock Price: Evidence from the Indian Market,” Asia-Pacific J. Manag. Res. Innov., Vol.15, No.1–2, 2019, doi: 10.1177/2319510x19825729.
  [3] C. Kathiravan, M. Selvam, B. Maniam, and S. Venkateswar, “Relationship between crude oil price changes and airlines stock price: the case of Indian aviation industry,” Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy, Vol.9, No.5, 2019, doi: 10.32479/ijeep.7963.
  [4] N. Velankar, A. Chandani, and A. K. Ahuja, “Impact of Eps and DPS on Stock Price: A Study of Selected Public Sector Banks of India,” Prestig. Int. J. Manag. IT - Sanchayan, Vol.6, No.1, 2017, doi: 10.37922/pijmit.2017.v06i01.008.
  [5] J. L. Seng and H. F. Yang, “The association between stock price volatility and financial news – a sentiment analysis approach,” Kybernetes, Vol.46, No.8, 2017. doi: 10.1108/K-11-2016-0307.
  [6] G. Tanty and P. K. Patjoshi, “A Study on Stock Market Volatility Pattern of BSE and NSE in India,” Asian J. Manag., Vol.7, No.3, 2016. doi: 10.5958/2321-5763.2016.00029.9.
  [7] S. A. Shah and U. Noreen, “Stock price volatility and role of dividend policy: Empirical evidence from Pakistan,” Int. J. Econ. Financ. Issues, Vol.6, No.2, 2016.
  [8] Christiana Idowu Omotade, Etim Essien, Faith Obueni, Ukpabio Susan Ita, "How Corporate Governance Practices Shape Firm Transparency: A Deep Dive into Earnings Management in Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.9, Issue.12, pp.44-51, 2023.
  [9] G. Thouseef Ahamed, S. Aneel Amrutha Raju, "Corporate Governance Dynamics: Exploring Influence on Financial Performance and Market Valuation," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol.10, Issue.2, pp.8-17, 2024.
  [10] Faiz, M., & Das, D. (2024). A Study on the Factors Determining Share Price of aCompany. In International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews ,Vol.5, Issue.2, pp.1107-1111, 2024.

  Citation
  Anuradha Joshi, Asha Sharma, "Unveiling Financial Strength: Piotroski’s F-Score Analysis in the Indian Automobile Industry," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.7, pp.46-49, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Bridging the Gap: Expanding Telehealth Services to Address Rural Health Disparities

  Jalal Uddin, Tazveen Fariha, Shahida Sultana Shumi

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp.50-57, Jul-2024

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  Abstract
  Introduction: Rural Americans face significant health disparities due to limited access to healthcare services. Telehealth has emerged as a promising solution to mitigate these disparities by facilitating remote access to medical care. This paper comprehensively reviews the advantages, challenges, and implementation strategies of telehealth in rural areas. Method: A narrative review methodology was employed to synthesize existing literature and case studies on telehealth in rural settings. Databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and JSTOR were searched for relevant studies published in the last three decades. Keywords such as "telehealth," "rural health," and "healthcare disparities" guided the search process. The review focused on studies assessing the impact of telehealth on healthcare access, cost-effectiveness, and quality of care in rural areas. Results: The review findings indicate that telehealth significantly enhances healthcare access by reducing travel distances, increasing availability of specialist consultations, and promoting patient engagement. It improves chronic disease management and patient satisfaction by enabling convenient access to healthcare services at home. Despite initial setup costs and challenges such as broadband access and regulatory issues, telehealth demonstrates long-term cost savings through reduced travel expenses and improved healthcare efficiency. Quality of care is enhanced through improved communication between healthcare providers and patients, leading to better treatment adherence and health outcomes. Conclusion: Telehealth represents a transformative approach to address healthcare disparities in rural areas. It offers a cost-effective solution to improve access to healthcare services, enhance patient outcomes, and reduce healthcare costs in the long run. However, successful implementation requires addressing infrastructure challenges, refining reimbursement policies, and ensuring regulatory support. Future efforts should focus on expanding broadband infrastructure, refining policy frameworks, and conducting further research to optimize telehealth`s impact on rural healthcare delivery.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Telehealth, Rural Health, Healthcare Disparities, Remote Care, Health Policy, Access to Care

  References
  [1] A.K.M.R. Habib, M.M. Alam, M.R. Islam, "Design of a mobile aeration system for aquaculture and proof of concept," In the Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Materials and Electronic Engineering (IC4ME2), Rajshahi, Bangladesh, pp.1-4, 2021.
  [2] Bayzid, B., Kabir, S. M. M., Rahman, M. H., Uddin, J., Hosen, M. S., Shumi, S. S., et al. “A cross-sectional survey on socio-demographic profile and work-related health risks of Bangladeshi female sex workers,” International Journal of Women`s Health Care, Vol.5, Issue.2, pp.38-41, 2020.
  [3] Butzner, M., & Cuffee, Y. “Telehealth Interventions and Outcomes Across Rural Communities in the United States: Narrative Review,” Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol.23, Issue.8, e29575, 2021.
  [4] CDC, “Rural Health,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023.
  [5] Dart, E. H., Whipple, H. M., Pasqua, J. L., et al. “Legal, Regulatory, and Ethical Issues in Telehealth Technology,” Computer-Assisted and Web-Based Innovations in Psychology, Special Education, and Health, Elsevier Academic Press, pp.339-363, 2016.
  [6] Gurupur, V. P., & Miao, Z. “A brief analysis of challenges in implementing telehealth in a rural setting,” mHealth, Vol.8, pp.17, 2022.
  [7] Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Evaluating Clinical Applications of Telemedicine, & Field, M. J. (Eds.). Telemedicine: A Guide to Assessing Telecommunications in Health Care, National Academies Press (US), 1996.
  [8] Kamal, S. M. M., Kabir, M. F., Rahman, M. H., Uddin, J., Hosen, M. S., & Shumi, S. S. “Impact of home quarantine due to COVID-19 among Bangladeshi population,” International Journal of Public Health Science, Vol.10, Issue.1, pp.1-7, 2021.
  [9] Kruse, C. S., Krowski, N., Rodriguez, B., Tran, L., Vela, J., & Brooks, M. “Telehealth and patient satisfaction: a systematic review and narrative analysis,” BMJ Open, Vol.7, Issue.8, e016242, 2017.
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  [11] Nelson, R. “Telemedicine and Telehealth: The Potential to Improve Rural Access to Care,” American Journal of Nursing, Vol.117, pp.17-18, 2017.
  [12] Orlando, J. F., Beard, M., & Kumar, S. “Systematic review of patient and caregivers` satisfaction with telehealth videoconferencing as a mode of service delivery in managing patients` health,” PLoS One, Vol.14, Issue.8, e0221848, 2019.
  [13] Raffenaud, A., Gurupur, V., Fernandes, S. L., et al. “Utilizing telemedicine in oncology settings: Patient favourability rates and perceptions of use analysis using Chi-Square and neural networks,” Technology and Health Care, Vol.27, pp.115-127, 2019.
  [14] ter Huurne, E. D., Postel, M. G., de Haan, H. A., Drossaert, C. H. C., & DeJong, C. A. J. “Web-based treatment program using intensive therapeutic contact for patients with eating disorders: before-after study,” Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol.15, Issue.2, e12, 2013.
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  [17] Watson, S. “Telehealth: The advantages and disadvantages,” Harvard Health Publishing, 2020.
  [18] Zachrison, K. S., Richard, J. V., & Mehrotra, A. “Paying for Telemedicine in Smaller Rural Hospitals: Extending the Technology to Those Who Benefit Most,” JAMA Health Forum, Vol.2, Issue.8, e211570, 2021.

  Citation
  Jalal Uddin, Tazveen Fariha, Shahida Sultana Shumi, "Bridging the Gap: Expanding Telehealth Services to Address Rural Health Disparities," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.7, pp.50-57, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  The Role of Civil Society Organizations in Shaping Livelihoods under Zimbabwe`s Hybrid Political System

  Victor Madziyauswa

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp.58-66, Jul-2024

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  Abstract
  This study focuses on the involvement of civil society organisations (CSOs) in shaping policies and programs that impact livelihoods under Zimbabwe`s hybrid political system. The paper examines CSO activities` economic, social, and political ramifications by utilising a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and structured questionnaires. The findings show that CSOs play an important role in economic empowerment; they improve incomes and employment through microfinance projects and vocational training initiatives. Socially, CSOs work towards enhanced access to health facilities and education, particularly for marginalised communities, thus enhancing general wellness in such places. Politically, CSOs increase civic participation and democratic engagement by enlightening people on matters regarding their rights and duties. Despite these achievements, some major challenges, like strict legal frameworks and political meddling, are facing them. Comprehensive policy reforms that encourage CSO’s operating environment should be considered while encouraging international partners to avail themselves of more funds, technical assistance, and other community-specific interventions proposed for varied settings. These insights contribute to the broader discourse on governance, civil society, and development in hybrid political systems, highlighting the critical role of CSOs in fostering sustainable development and democratic governance in Zimbabwe

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), Hybrid Political Systems, Livelihoods, Civic Engagement

  References
  [1] L. Diamond, “Elections without democracy: Thinking about hybrid regimes,” Journal of Democracy, Vol.13, Issue.2, pp.21-35, 2002.
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  [3] S. Mukasa, “The development of civil society in Zimbabwe,” Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, Vol.37, Issue.3, pp.120-144, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14662049908447804
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  [5] A. B. Chikuhwa, "Human rights in Zimbabwe," African Human Rights Law Journal, Vol.21, Issue.1, pp.101-120, 2021.
  [6] J. Smith, "Civil society in Zimbabwe: Challenges and opportunities," Development in Practice, Vol.32, Issue.4, pp.452-467, 2022.
  [7] J. Dhemba, “The role of civil society organizations in poverty alleviation in Zimbabwe,” Journal of Social Development in Africa, Vol.27, Issue.1, pp.121-145, 2012.
  [8] S. Moyo, “Changing agrarian relations after redistributive land reform in Zimbabwe,” Journal of Peasant Studies, Vol.38, Issue.5, pp.939-966, 2011.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2011.636482
  [9] T. Tendai, "Political engagement and civil society: The Zimbabwean experience," African Studies Quarterly, Vol. 20, Issue 2, pp. 75-90, 2022.
  [10] G. Kanyenze, "Empowering citizens: The role of civil society in Zimbabwe," Journal of Democracy and Development, Vol. 14, Issue 3, pp. 89-102, 2021.
  [11] D. Matyszak, “Law, politics, and civil society in Zimbabwe,” Journal of African Law, Vol.54, Issue.1, pp.1-20, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021855310000010
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  [15] F. J. Fowler, Survey Research Methods (5th ed.), SAGE Publications, 2014.
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  [17] A. Field, Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed.), SAGE Publications, 2013.
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  Citation
  Victor Madziyauswa, "The Role of Civil Society Organizations in Shaping Livelihoods under Zimbabwe`s Hybrid Political System," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.7, pp.58-66, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Prevalence of Tick Infestations and Molecular Identification of Tick-Borne Pathogens among Dogs in Okpokwu L.G.A, Benue State, Nigeria

  Adulugba O.A., Atsuwe T.S., Abah E.A.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp.67-75, Jul-2024

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  Abstract
  This study aimed to determine the prevalence of tick infestation and identify tick-borne pathogens in dogs in Okpokwu LGA, Benue State, Nigeria. Samples were collected from 120 asymptomatic dogs, including ticks and blood. Tick identification was performed using a stereomicroscope and standard taxonomic keys. Thin blood films were prepared, and DNA was extracted for examination using microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Out of the 120 dogs examined, 76 (63.3%) were infested with various tick species. A total of 484 adult ticks were collected, represented by four species: Rhipicephalus sanguineus (415, 85.7%), Rhipicephalus Boophilus annulatus (36, 7.4%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (22, 4.5%), and Hyalomma truncatum (11, 2.3%). There was a significant difference (p < 0.005) in abundance among the four tick species. Blood screening revealed that 5 (4.2%) dogs were positive for tick-borne pathogens by microscopy, and 11 (9.2%) by PCR. Specifically, 4 (3.33%) dogs were positive for Babesia canis vogeli by microscopy, and 9 (7.5%) by PCR. Additionally, 1 (0.83%) dog was positive for Ehrlichia canis by microscopy, and 2 (2.5%) by PCR. Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. were not detected. The prevalence of tick-borne pathogens was higher in male dogs (7, 13.0%) compared to female dogs (4, 6.1%). Adult dogs (8, 14.5%) were more prone to infections than younger dogs (1, 3.8%). There was a significant association (p < 0.05) between age and prevalence of tick-borne infections. PCR showed high sensitivity (77.2%), specificity (93.6%), positive predictive value (85.0%), and negative predictive value (90.2%) at a 95% confidence interval. The findings suggest that the prevalence of tick infestation and tick-borne pathogens in Okpokwu LGA is significantly influenced by favorable environmental conditions and climate. Effective control and preventive strategies are necessary to reduce tick infestations and tick-borne pathogens in Nigeria.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Infestations, Molecular Identification, Tick-Borne Pathogens, Dogs, Prevalence of tick, taxonomic keys

  References
  [1] E.U. Amuta, R.S. Houmsou, M. Ogabiela, “Tick infestation of dogs in Makurdi metropolis, Benue State Nigeria,” The Internet Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2009.
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  [3] K.A. Modu, M. Babagana, F. Kyari, L.M. Modibbo, A. Garba, S.B. Usman, “Assessment of tick infestation rate among local and exotic dog breeds in Kano municipal, Kano state, Nigeria,” International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Vol. 6, Issue 2, pp. 35-38, 2021.
  [4] D.D. Haa, V.A. Pam, N.R. Uzoigwe, A. Ombugadu, J.I. Maikenti, V.A. Adejoh, O.P. Aimankhu, M.S. Kure, S.E. Ameh, “Ticks Infestation on Mongrels (Local Dogs) in Wamba Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria,” Trends in Technical and Scientific Research, Vol. 6, Issue 4, pp. 001-005, 2023.
  [5] B.E. Wama, J. Jonathan, I.C. Garba, J.A. Njilmah, I.O. Aguzie, “Survey of Tick Infestations on pet dogs in Jalingo, Local Government Area of Taraba State,” Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 42, Issue 2, pp. 228-233, 2021.
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  [9] A.N. Happi, A.J. Toepp, C.A. Ugwu, C.A. Petersen, J.E. Sykes, “Detection and identification of blood-borne infections in dogs in Nigeria using light microscopy and the polymerase chain reaction,” Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, Vol. 11, Issue 1, pp. 55–60, 2018.
  [10] A.A. Hegab, H.M. Omar, M. Abuowarda, S.G. Ghattas, N.E. Mahmoud, M.M. Fahmy, “Screening and phylogenetic characterization of tick-borne pathogens in a population of dogs and associated ticks in Egypt,” Parasites and Vectors, Vol. 15, Issue 222, pp. 1-15, 2022.
  [11] I. Gruenberger, A.V. Liebich, T.O. Ajibade, O.O. Obebe, N.F. Ogbonna, L.N. Wortha, M.S. Unterköfler, H.P. Fuehrer, A.B. Ayinmode, “Vector-Borne Pathogens in Guard Dogs in Ibadan, Nigeria,” Pathogens, Vol. 12, Issue 3, pp.406-412, 2023.
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  [14] Y. Nawab, M. Ijaz, Rm. Ayyub, A. Ahmed, I. Muzammil, Nz. Ghumman, Mu. Javed, A. Adil, “Molecular detection of Theileria annulata infection: An emerging disease of pet dogs in Pakistan,” Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, Vol. 29, Issue 1, pp. 41-48, 2023.
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  Citation
  Adulugba O.A., Atsuwe T.S., Abah E.A., "Prevalence of Tick Infestations and Molecular Identification of Tick-Borne Pathogens among Dogs in Okpokwu L.G.A, Benue State, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.7, pp.67-75, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Factors Contributing to Alzheimer`s disease in Older Adult Populations: A Narrative Review

  Jalal Uddin, Shahida Sultana Shumi, Farhana Khandoker, Tazveen Fariha

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp.76-82, Jul-2024

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  Abstract
  Introduction: Alzheimer`s disease and related dementia are clinical neurodegenerative disorder of the brain. The main symptoms are cognitive deterioration and memory impairment, mainly impacting elderly. It is important to comprehend the various factors that contribute to the development risk of AD. This narrative review synthesizes current literature on the various factors influencing the development and progression of AD in older adult populations. Methods: Literature search were done on online databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO using relevant keywords such as "Alzheimer`s disease," "risk factors," "genetics," "environmental factors," and "lifestyle." Studies published between 2000 and 2023 were included, focusing on factors associated with AD in older people over 65 years age. Results: The review identified several key factors contributing to AD in older adults. Genetic predisposition emerged as a significant risk factor. Environmental factors such as air pollution, pesticides, and heavy metals were also implicated. Furthermore, lifestyle factors lack of exercise, unhealthy eating habits, and smoking were linked to higher chances of developing Alzheimer`s disease. Chronic conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases were found to exacerbate cognitive decline in older adults. Conclusion: AD presents a complex interplay of vascular, lifestyle, and social factors influencing its onset and progression. While uncertainties remain regarding specific causal pathways, there is growing optimism about the efficacy of preventive measures. Effective management of vascular risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes in midlife can significantly delay the onset of dementia by preserving cerebral blood flow and reducing cerebrovascular incidents. Similarly, promoting an active and socially integrated lifestyle through cognitive, physical, and social activities shows promise in reducing AD risk and enhancing cognitive resilience. Early educational attainment and ongoing cognitive engagement play crucial roles in maintaining cognitive function into older age. Cognitive training programs for individuals with mild dementia offer supportive interventions to sustain cognitive abilities and improve quality of life.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Alzheimer`s disease, older adults, risk factors, genetics factors, environmental factors, lifestyle factors

  References
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  Citation
  Jalal Uddin, Shahida Sultana Shumi, Farhana Khandoker, Tazveen Fariha, "Factors Contributing to Alzheimer`s disease in Older Adult Populations: A Narrative Review," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.7, pp.76-82, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Species Diversity, Richness and Abundance of Tortoise and Turtles (Testudines) In Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

  Charles Embelemi Edure, Ogamba Emmanuel Nwabueze

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp.83-86, Jul-2024

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  Abstract
  A seasonal baseline assessment of the diversity and abundance of the Testudine reptiles (Tortoise and Turtles) in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria was conducted from January to December 2021. This was done to determine the current status of the distribution and abundance of Tortoise and Turtles and to measure the effect of weather on the availability of Testudines and the stability of the ecosystem. Testudine samples were obtained using traps, fences, visual searches and by hand while snorkeling and surveying. Result show that a total of 342 individuals from 3 families and 6 species were observed in the dry season while a total of 419 individuals from 3 families and 6 species were observed in the wet season. Of these Testudinidae has (3 species), Emydidae (2 species) and Pelomedusidae (1 species). Shannon weaver index was lower in the wet season (1.59) than in the dry season (1.649). Equitability index (Evenness) is also lower in the wet season (0.892) than in the dry season (0.920). Also, Simpson’s Index is lower in the wet season (4.34) than in the dry season (4.86). There are more number of individuals captured in the wet season than in the dry season. This may be due to the fact that Testudines are more prevalent in the wet season as most of them are aquatic organisms or rely on water. The amounts of testudines recorded in this study although seem low, compares favourably with those recorded in similar tropical and subtropical environments of similar survey area. It can therefore be concluded that testudines populations in the Bayelsa state are not under any serious threat. Environmental sustainability and improvement is therefore advocated.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Species, Distribution, Abundance, Turtle, Tortoise, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

  References
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  Citation
  Charles Embelemi Edure, Ogamba Emmanuel Nwabueze, "Species Diversity, Richness and Abundance of Tortoise and Turtles (Testudines) In Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.7, pp.83-86, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths in Typhoid Fever Patients in Okpokwu Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria

  Oche Thompson Abah, Abah Emmanuel Ada, Adulugba Ode Abel

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp.87-95, Jul-2024

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  Abstract
  The present study investigated intestinal parasitosis among clinically diagnosed typhoid fever patients attending healthcare facilities in the Okpokwu Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Standard techniques including the Direct Wet Mount Technique, Formol-Ether Concentration Technique, and Modified Ziehl-Neelsen Method were employed for this research. A total of 436 typhoid fever patients consented and participated in the study. The prevalence rate among males was higher at 32.8% compared to 28.2% among females. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 30.7%.The identified intestinal helminths and their prevalence were: Ascaris lumbricoides (7.34%), hookworm (4.13%), Strongyloidesstercoralis (3.21%), and Trichuris trichiura (2.06%), culminating in a total helminth prevalence of 16.74%. The highest prevalence rate of intestinal parasitosis was observed in the age group 31-40 years, at 35.4%. A significant association was found between intestinal parasite infection and age among typhoid fever patients (p = 0.002). Additionally, significant associations were identified between intestinal parasitosis and variables such as sex (p = 0.0024), type of toilet facility (p = 0.005), hand washing after toilet use (p = 0.00476), and source of drinking water (p = 0.028).Given that social factors like poverty and hygiene influence both diseases, it is imperative to educate the population on the importance of personal hygiene. Moreover, appropriate medications should be made available at reduced and affordable costs.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Intestinal helminths, Parasite, Ascaris lumbricoides, Infection, Typhoid Fever, Patients

  References
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  Citation
  Oche Thompson Abah, Abah Emmanuel Ada, Adulugba Ode Abel, "Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths in Typhoid Fever Patients in Okpokwu Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.10, Issue.7, pp.87-95, 2024