Volume-3 , Issue-6 , Jun 2017, ISSN 2454-9312 (Online), 2454-6143 (Print) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Compact and Broadband Triangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Design Utilizing Shorting Pin

  A. Roy, S. Bhunia, D. Chanda Sarkar, P. P. Sarkar

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp.1-6, Jun-2017

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  Abstract
  In this paper a design of single layered compact and broadband monopole triangular microstrip patch antenna utilizing shorting pin has been proposed. It has been theoretically and practically investigated that defecting ground plane leads to bandwidth enhancement and shorting pin lowers the resonant frequency which results size reduction. Using only defected ground plane the bandwidth has been achieved 47.6% and using shorting pin the size of the antenna is reduced by 89% compared to reference patch, with dual band and enhanced bandwidth of 46%.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Triangular Microstrip Patch Antenna, Defected ground, Shorting pin, Compact, Broadband

  References
  [1] K. L. Wong, “Planer Antennas for Wireless Communications”, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, US, pp.1-440, 2003.
  [2] Z. N. Chen, “Antennas for Portable Devices”, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, US, 1-607, 2007.
  [3] S. Bhunia, D. Sarkar, S, Biswas, P. P. Sarkar, B. Gupta, K. Yasumoto, “Reduced Size Small Dual and Multi-Frequency Microstrip Antenna” , Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 50, No.4, pp.961-965, 2008.
  [4] S. Bhunia, P. P. Sarkar, “Reduced sized dual frequency microstrip antenna”, Indian Journal of Physics, Vol. 83, No. 10, pp. 1457-1461, 2009.
  [5] M. N. Mahmoud R. Baktur, “A Dual Band Microstrip-Fed Slot Antenna”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 5, pp. 1720-1724, 2011.
  [6] U. Chakraborty, A. Kundu, S. K. Chowdhury, A. K. Bhattacharjee, “Compact Dual-Band Microstrip Antenna for IEEE 802.11a WLAN Application”, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 13, pp.407-410, 2014.
  [7] W. C. Liu, C. M. Wu, Y. Dai, “Design of Triple-Frequency Microstrip-Fed Monopole Antenna Using Defected Ground Structure”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 7, pp.2457-2463, 2011.
  [8] M. S. Ellis, Z. Q. Zhao, J. N. Wu, Z. P. Nie and Q. H. Liu, “A New Compact Microstrip-Fed Monopole Antenna for Triple Band WLAN/WiMAX Applications”, Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 48, pp.129-135, 2014.
  [9] R. H. Chen and Y. C. Lin, ”Miniaturized Design of Microstrip-Fed Slot Antennas Loaded With C-Shaped Rings”, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 10, pp.203-206, 2011.
  [10] D. Mitra, S. R. B. Chaudhuri, “CPW-Fed Miniaturized Split Ring-Loaded Slot Antenna”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters. Vol. 54, No. 8, pp.1907-1911, August 2012.
  [11] J. W. Kim, T. H. Jung, H. K. Ryu, J. M. Woo, C. S. Eun, D. K. Lee, “Compact Multiband Microstrip Antenna Using Inverted-L and T-Shaped Parasitic Elements”, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 12, pp.1299-1302, 2013.
  [12] Y. Chen, S. Yang, and Z. Nie, “Bandwidth Enhancement Method for Low Profile E-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antennas”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 58, No. 7, pp 2442-2447, 2010.
  [13] G. Kang, Z. Du, “A Novel Compact Broadband Printed Monopole Antenna for Mobile Handsets”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 53, No. 1, Pp. 118-121, 2011.
  [14] R. K Vishwakarma, J A Ansari and M K Meshram, “Equilateral Triangular Microstrip Antenna for Circular Polarization Dual-Band Operation”, Indian Journal of Radio & Space Physics, Vol. 35, pp. 293-296, 2006.
  [15] R. Garg & S. A. Long, “An improved formula for the resonant frequencies of the triangular microstrip antenna”, IEEE Transaction on Antennas & Propagation (USA), Vol. 36, Issue 4, pp. 570, 1988.
  [16] A. Nagar, AS. Mandloi , KS. Solanki, “Microstrip Antenna Using Dummy EBG”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Network Security and Communication, Vol.1, Issue.2, pp.24-28, 2013.
  [17] R. B. Waterhouse, “Microstrip Patch Antennas: A Designer’s Guide”, Kluwer Academic Publishers, USA, pp.1-421, 2003.
  

  Citation
  A. Roy, S. Bhunia, D. Chanda Sarkar, P. P. Sarkar, "Compact and Broadband Triangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Design Utilizing Shorting Pin," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.3, Issue.6, pp.1-6, 2017

• Open Access   Article

  Survival Analysis of Breast Cancer Patients Using Additive Hazards Regression Models

  Goutam Barman, Babulal Seal

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp.7-10, Jun-2017

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  Abstract
  Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease for females. Cox proportional hazards model are mostly used model to analysis the effects of prognostic factors to the breast cancer patients. In this study Aalen’s additive hazards model and Lin-Ying’s additive hazards model are used for survival analysis of breast cancer patients and compare with the results obtained by Cox proportional hazards model. The proportional hazards assumption was tested by using Schoenfeld residuals and -value less than 0.05 was consider statistically significant. Also overall survival rate were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier product limit method. 686 patients with breast cancer and seven standard prognostic factors, namely age at diagnosis, menopausal state, tumor size, tumor grading, no. of involved nodes, progesterone and estrogen receptor were entered into analysis. Two models, Cox and Lin-Ying’s models, are give the similar results. Four covariates namely tumor size, tumor grade III, nodes and progesterone receptor showed significant impact on the breast cancer patient’s data in both hazard models. Neither Cox model nor Lin-Ying model found age at diagnosis, menopausal state, tumor grade I, II and estrogen receptor as a significant prognostic factor. On the other hand, Aalen’s model shows that tumour grade III is not statistically significant but the other results are similar with Cox and Lin-Ying models. Generally, the Cox and additive hazards models give different pieces of information about the risk factors. So, to get more accurate results about the risk factors, it is desire to use these two models in parallel. However, if the proportional hazards assumption is not satisfied, additive hazards model is an appropriate alternative for the Cox model otherwise both models are appropriate.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Breast cancer, prognostic factor, Cox model, additive hazards models, survival analysis

  References
  [1] WCR, “World Cancer Report 2014”, World Health Organization, Switzerland, pp.1-120, 2014
  [2] Katalinic A, Pritzkuleit R, Waldmann A, “Recent trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality in Germany”, Breast Care (Basel) Vol.4, Issue.2, pp.75-80, 2009.
  [3] Cox DR, “Regression models and life-tables”, Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Vol.34, Issue.2, pp.187-220, 1972.
  [4] Mayer BD, “Unemployment insurance and unemployment spells”, Econometrica, Vol.58, Issue.4, pp.775-782, 1990.
  [5] Bhat CR, “A hazard-based duration model of shopping activity with nonparametric baseline specification and nonparametric control for unobserved heterogeneity”, Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Vol.30, Issue.3, pp.189-207, 1996.
  [6] Aalen OO, “A model for nonparametric regression analysis of counting process”, Lecture notes in statistics, Vol.2, Issue.2, pp.1-25, 1980.
  [7] Aalen OO, “A linear regression model for the analysis of life times”, Stat Med, Vol.8, Issue.8, pp. 907-925, 1989.
  [8] Lin DY, Ying Z, “Semi-parametric analysis of the additive risk model”, Biometrika, Vol.81, Issue.1, 61-71, 1994.
  

  Citation
  Goutam Barman, Babulal Seal, "Survival Analysis of Breast Cancer Patients Using Additive Hazards Regression Models," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.3, Issue.6, pp.7-10, 2017

• Open Access   Article

  Immune response of goat (Capra hircus) against Fasciola hepatica

  S. Solanki, S. Gaherwal, C. S. Shrivastava

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp.11-15, Jun-2017

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  Abstract
  The immune response of goat against Fasciola hepatica was studied in the present investigation. Total 15 goats were examined for this study. The experimental animals were immunized with different somatic antigens. The immune response was observed by PCA and IgE response. The result showed that increased PCA response and increased IgE response found in immunized goats on 60th day post infection in compression to control goats. The maximum PCA reaction and IgE response were observed in goat vaccinated with larval somatic antigens and minimum PCA reaction and IgE response were observed in goat vaccinated with adult somatic antigens. Larval somatic antigens were observed more potent in providing protection as compared to Eggs and adult somatic antigens. The increased in PCA response and IgE response in infected and immunized goat compared to infected and non-immunized goat suggested the involvement of above studied parameters in immune response. This study also proves that larval somatic antigen of Fasciola hepatica was effective in imparting immunity in goat.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Fasciola hepatica, Capra hircus (Goat), Somatic Antigens, PCA, IgE response

  References
  [1]. Anderson N., Luong, T.T., Vo, N.G., Bui, K.L., Smooker, P.M. and Spithill, T.W., “The sensitivity and specificity of two methods for detecting Fasciola infections in cattle”, Vet. Parasitol, Vol. 83, Issue. 1, pp.15-24. 1999.
  [2]. Chapman, C.B. Mitchell, G.F., “Proteolytic cleavage of immunoglobulin by enzymes released by Fasciola hepatica”, Vet Parasitol, Vol. 11 Issue. 1, pp. 65-178. 1982.
  [3]. Dalton, J.P., Heffeman, M., “Thiol proteinase released invitro by Fasciola hepatica”, Molecular Biochemical Parasitology, Vol. 35, Issue. 1, pp. 161-166. 1989.
  [4]. Gaherwal, S. and Prakash, M. M., “Blood cell counts associated Immunity in Trichuris muris”, J. Cell Tiss Res., Vol. 9, Issue. 1. pp. 1763-1766. 2009.
  [5]. Hagan, P., David, U.J., Simpson, A.J.G. and Wilkins, H.A., “Human IgE, IgG4 and resistance to re-infection with Schistosoma haematobium”, Nature, Vol. 349, Issue. 1, pp. 243-245. 1991.
  [6]. Haroun, E.M. and Hillyer, G.V., “Resistance to fascioliasis: a review”m, Vet Parasitol, Vol. 20, Issue. 1, pp. 63-93. 1986.
  [7]. Jarrett, E.E.E. and Miller, H.R.P., “Production and activities of IgE in helminth infection”, Prog. Allergy, Vol. 31, Issue. 1, pp. 178. 1982.
  [8]. Leathers C.W., Foyret, W.J., Fetcher, A. and Foyret, K.M., “Clinical fasciolosis in domestic goats in Montana”, J Am Vet Med Assoc, Vol. 180, Issue. 1, pp. 1451-1454. 1982.
  [9]. O’Neill S., Brady, M., Callanan, M.T., Mulcahy, J.J., Joyce, G., Mills, P. and Dalton J.P., “Fasciola hepatica infection down regulates Th1 responses in mice”, Parasite Immunol, Vol.22, Issue. 1, pp. 147-155. 2000.
  [10]. Ogilvie, B.M. and Jones, V.E., “Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: a review of immunity and the host parasite relationship in the rat”, Exp. Parasitol. Vol. 29, Issue. 1, pp. 138-177. 1971.
  [11]. Ovary, Z., “Passive cutaneous-anaphylaxis: Immunological method”, Ackroyd, J.F., Oxford, Blackwell, pp: 259-283. 1964.
  [12]. Reddington, J.J., Leid, R.W. and Wescott, R.B., “The susceptibility of the goat to Fasciola hepatica infections”, Vet. Parasitol., Vol. 19, Issue. 1, pp. 145-150. 1986.
  [13]. Roitt, I., Brostoff, J. and David, M., “Immunology” Third Edition: Published by Mosby-year Book Europe. Limited ISBN, O-397-44765-5. 1993.
  [14]. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G., “Statistical methods.7th Edi”, The lowa state college, press, In., Ames., U.S.A. 1980.
  [15]. Urban, Joseph, F., Katona, Jr., Paul,W. E. and Finkelman, F. D., “Interleukin 4 is important in protective immunity to a gastrointestinal nematode infection in mice”, Proc. Nail. Acad. Sci. USA Immunology, Vol. 88, issue. 1, pp. 5513-5517. 1991.
  [16]. Voller, A., Bartlett, A. and Bidwell, D.E, “Enzyme immunoassays with special reference to ELISA techniques”, J Clin. Pathol, Vol. 6, Issue. 1, pp. 507-520. 1978.
  [17]. Yavuz A., Inci, A., Yildirim, A., Ica, A. and Duzlu, O., “Distribution of Fasciola hepatica in cattle”, Erciyes Univ. J. Health. Sci., Vol.16, Issue. 1, pp. 96-102. 2007.
  [18]. Yazdanbakhsh, M., Kremsner, P.G.and VanRee, R., “Allergy, Parasites and the Hygiene Hypothesis”, Science, Vol. 296, Issue. 5567, pp. 490-494. 2002.
  [19]. Zimmerman, G.L., Kerkvliet, N.Y., Brauner, J.A. and Cerro, J.E., “Modulation of the host immune response by Fasciola hepatica: response of peripheral lymphocytes to mitogens during liver fluke infection of sheep”, J Parasitol, Vol. 69, Issue. 1, pp. 473-477. 1983.
  

  Citation
  S. Solanki, S. Gaherwal, C. S. Shrivastava, "Immune response of goat (Capra hircus) against Fasciola hepatica," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.3, Issue.6, pp.11-15, 2017

• Open Access   Article

  A Scenario of Indian Higher Education

  Niranjan R., Shiva Kumar

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp.16-23, Jun-2017

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  Abstract
  Over the year higher education sector has witnessed an incredible increase in its institutional capacity. After China and United States India’s higher education system is the third largest in the world, comprising of 760 universities and institutions of national importance, and 38998 colleges, 44211637 students and 1473255 teachers. The number universities/institutions have increased 18 times from an insufficient of 27 in 1950 to 677 in 2013 and now it’s 760 in 2014-15. Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has profound implications for the whole education process ranging from investment to use of technologies in dealing with issues of access, equity, management, efficiency, pedagogy, equality, research and innovation. According to UGC 11th five year plan the problem of higher education in India is of low enrolment rate and the regional imbalance. It reorganized that 11% enrolment rate too low of 23% world average or 36.5% for countries in transition or more than 55% for developed countries. The present study analysis the scenario of Indian higher education across state wise at 8 levels degree , population on age group of 18-23, and comparison percentage ratio of male and female results to construct a Composite Development Index (Ratio Index) and also analysis of public expenditure on higher education. The population on age group is highest in Uttar Pradesh but the highest enrolment ratio is register in Chandigarh. The result of 8 level degree education have male result is more than female result in 2012-13 41.81% male pass out but the female result only 31.85% in 2014-15 the male result is 41.06 compare to female result 33.13 but in these two year of period the female results are growing 1.28% and the male results is declining of -0.75%.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Higher Education, Enrolment Ratio, Result Ratio, Public Expenditure.

  References
  [1]. D.M. Bhavsinh, “A comparative analysis of cost effectiveness on Productivity, Ph.D. Thesis (With special reference to Saurashtra University and Gujarat University), India, pp.1-220, 2006.
  [2]. G. Chinmoy, “Role of Technology in Education” International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research, Vol.79, Issue.2, pp.23-40, 2014
  [3]. M.A Mahmood, ‘Use of ICT in Higher Education”, The International Journal of Indian Psychology, Vol.3, Issue.4, pp.1-68, 2016.
  [4]. S. Sukanta, “The Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Higher Education for the 21st Century”, The Science Probe, Vol.1, No.1, pp.30-44, 2012.
  [5]. C.K. Guneet, “Impact of Educational Technology in Today’s Scenario”, International Journal of Business Management, Vol. Vol.2, Issue.2, pp.58-69, 2015.
  [6]. India, “Higher Education in India: Vision 2020”, FICCI Higher Education Summit, India, pp.1-480, 2013.
  [7]. P. Agarwal, “Higher Education in India: Need for Change” Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) Working, India, pp.1-180, 2006
  [8]. M. Suguna, “Education and women empowerment in India” ,International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol.1 Issue. 8, pp.50-62, 2011
  [9]. Agarval “Women’s Education in India (1995-98)Present Status, Perspective, Plan, Statistical Indicators with Global View”, III Concept Publications Co, New Delhi, pp.1-536, 2001
  

  Citation
  Niranjan R., Shiva Kumar, "A Scenario of Indian Higher Education," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.3, Issue.6, pp.16-23, 2017

• Open Access   Article

  Role of Agricultural Marketing Societies in Marketing of Agricultural Produce: A Study of Ujjain District

  M. Khan, R. Dhand

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp.24-29, Jun-2017

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  Abstract
  About 72.37 percent population in Madhya Pradesh is rural, depending mainly on agricultural and other primary activities. Nearly 49.03 percent of the geographical area is under cultivation. The broad objectives of the study were to study the functioning of agricultural marketing societies in Ujjain district and to know the efficiency of these mandis in serving the needs of farmers of all categories. For the study Ujjain district has been randomly selected. Agricultural practices are being done on the third-fourth part of total geographical area. The district consists of seven agriculture mandis and 14 sub-mandies.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Agricultural Marketing Societies, Mandis in ujjain, rabi and kharif crops

  References
  [1]. S.S. Acharaya, N.L. Agarwal, "Agricultural Marketing in India", Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp.1-297, 2004.
  [2]. J.C. Abbott, "Marketing Problems and Improvement Programmes", Rome: FAO., USA, pp.1-260, 1958.
  [3]. A.P. Gupta, "Marketing of Agricultural Produce in India", Vora & Co. Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Bombay, pp.1-277, 1975.
  [4]. M.S. Jairath, "Institutional Reforms- A Case Study of Agricultural Markets", Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vo.57, No.3, pp.535-548, 2002.
  [5]. R.L.Kohl, "Marketing of Agricultural Products", Pearson Education, USA, pp.1-340, 1997.
  [6]. R.L. Kohl, J.N. Uhl, "Marketing of Agricultural Produce, Macmillan Publishing Company, Newyork, pp.1-97, 1990.
  [7]. C.U.Mamoriya, “Principles of Marketing”, Sahitya Bhawan Publication, Agra(India), pp.23-86, 1990.
  [8]. D. Narain, "Distribution of the Marketed Surplus of Agricultural Produce by Size-level of Holdings in India", Asia Publishing House, New Delhi, pp.320-335,1961.
  [9]. C. Ritson, M.L. Albisu, "Agro Food Marketing", CAB International, USA, pp1-320, 1998.
  [10]. P. Sharma, "A Study on Agricultural Marketing System in Odisha, Research Report 2011-12", National Institute of Agricultural Marketing, Rajasthan, pp.89-96, 2012.
  [11]. http://www.mpkrishi.org
  

  Citation
  M. Khan, R. Dhand, "Role of Agricultural Marketing Societies in Marketing of Agricultural Produce: A Study of Ujjain District," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.3, Issue.6, pp.24-29, 2017

• Open Access   Article

  Awareness and Practice of Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Demonstration Secondary School Students, University of Maiduguri, Borno State

  Habu H., Emmanuel O.C., Inuwa A., Dathini H., Maigari B., Lona N. , Haruna A., Alih F.I

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp.30-38, Jun-2017

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  Abstract
  Sexually Transmitted Diseases or Infections are a major health problem across the globe and adolescence seems to be worst heat evidenced by increasing incidences of STDs among this age grades. This study assesses Awareness and Practice Preventive of Measures regarding (STDs) among Students of Demonstration Secondary School Maiduguri, Borno State. The study adopted survey method and used both primary and secondary data using questionnaire. One hundred twenty-one (121) respondents were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that majority of the respondents (71%) could identify HIV/AIDs as common examples of STIs followed by Gonorrhea with 55.5%. However, respondents could not reasonably identify other forms of STIs evidenced by syphilis (9.9%), Herpes Simplex (5.8%) and Chlamydia (5%). On the awareness of the mode of transmission STDs (65%) agreed that STDs can be transmitted through sexual intercourse, sharing of underwear (35%). Regarding prevention, (72.7%) agreed that STIs are preventable. Majority of the respondents (72%) also identified Health Education Lesson as their main source of information on STIs closely followed by Radio/Television and Friends with (44%), (40%) respectively. Although, this study revealed moderate awareness about respondents on common types of STDs, there is a need to do more by relevant authorities in order save our tomorrows’ leaders from this clearly avoidable menace. Based on results of the study, the researchers recommended that Health Education lesson should be sustained. However, other forms of STIs should equally be considered in order to broaden the awareness respondents on STIs generally. Similarly, there is a need to intensify effort on preventive measures as well as negative use of social media.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Assessment, Awareness, Practice, Prevention, Sexually, Transmitted, Diseases, Secondary, School, Students

  References
  [1] Center for Disease Control (CDC) (2010) Sexually transmitted diseases. http://www.cdc.gov/msmhealth/STD.htm. Accessed 25.02.2015
  [2] WHO (2011) sexually transmitted infections. Retrieved on September, 14th, 2014 Available at http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs110/en/index.html. Accessed 15.08.2015
  [3] Lazarus, J.V., Sihvonen-Riemenschneider, H., Laukamm-Josten, U., Wong, F. & Liljestrand, J. (2010) Systematic review of interventions to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, among young people in Europe. Croatian Medical Journal, 51(1), PP74-84.
  [4] Kazhila C.Chinsembu D.Kasanda.Cornelia N and Shimwooshili-Shaimenya (2011) Impact of HIV/AIDS on Secondary School Science Teachers and Learnersin Namibia.Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology Vol.3(11) pp.540-549.
  [5] WHO (2012) sexually transmitted infections among adolescents. Retrieved on September, 14th, 2014. Available at www.who.int/child-adolescents-health/documents
  
  [6] WHO (2001). Global Consultation of Friendly Health Services A Consensus Statement. Department of Adolescent and Child Health and Development, Geneva 7-12 March, 2001.Retrieved on September, 14th, 2014 : Available at http://www.who.int/childadolescenthealth/NewPublications/ADH/WHO_
  [7] Ofole Ndidi Mercy and Agokei Stanley Peter (2014). Risky Sexual Behaviour Among Female In-School Adolescents Delta State, Nigeria. European Scientific Journal.vol.10 No.31
  [8] Rai T. Pradeep A. & Kandpal S. D. (2011) knowledge attitude practice among adolescent regarding sexually transmitted diseases in Urban Slum, Indian Journal of community Health. Vol. 22 No.2, vol. 23 No. 1
  [9] Florence N. S., Lena S. and Hajo Z. (2011) Awareness and Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Among School-going Adolescents in Europe: A Systematic Review of Published Literature. BMC Public Health, Vol.11:727 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-727
  [10] Mudassir A, S., Azhar S. S, Keivan A, and Tahir M K.(2010) Awareness of School Students on Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and their Sexual Behavior: A Cross-sectional Study Conducted in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. BMC Public Health. Vol.10: 47. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-47
  [11] Amu E. O. and Adegun P. T. (2015) Awareness and Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infections among Secondary School Adolescents in Ado Ekiti, South Western Nigeria. Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Vol.5. doi.org/10.1155/2015/260126
  [12] Basim M. A. (2014) Knowledge and Awareness of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Male University Students in Taif, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, Vol. 3(3): 342-348. doi:10.5455/ijmsph.2014.070120141
  [13] Dangui Z., Hui P., Binglin C., Frieda L.,Jeremy F., and William B. (2013) Sexual behaviors and awareness of sexually transmitted infections among Chinese university students. J Infect Dev Ctries;Vol. 7(12):966-974.doi:10.3855/jidc.3872
  [14] Florence S.Z. (2013) Assessing knowledge and awareness of sexually transmitted infections among school-going adolescents. Dissertation for the academic grade of Doctor Public Health, University of Bremen, Faculty of Human and Health Sciences. Retrieved from: https://elib.suub.uni-bremen.de/edocs/00103368-1.pdf
  [15] Hafsat R, Franklin N. Muhabbad M. & Zakar F. (2007) Knowledge and Belief of adolescents regarding sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDs in a rural district in Pakistan, Journal of Pakistan Medical Association 97(1): 8-11
  [16] Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013- Preliminary Report Abuja: National Population Commission and ICF International. Nigeria: What Role for Governments? African Journal of Reproductive Health, Vol.8(5):546-554
  [17] Andersson E. & Milson I. (2002) Knowledge about the Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, a longitudinal study of young women from 16-23 years of age. Sex Transm Infect. 78: 339-341
  

  Citation
  Habu H., Emmanuel O.C., Inuwa A., Dathini H., Maigari B., Lona N. , Haruna A., Alih F.I, "Awareness and Practice of Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Demonstration Secondary School Students, University of Maiduguri, Borno State," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.3, Issue.6, pp.30-38, 2017

• Open Access   Article

  Variations in water quality characteristics of Serlui river as impacted by Serlui-B hydel project in Kolasib district, Mizoram

  Sangeeta Sunar

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp.39-47, Jun-2017

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  Abstract
  The Serlui river is one of the most important natural resource systems in Kolasib district, Mizoram, India. The present study was conducted for a period of one year i.e., from March 2015 to February 2016 to assess the impact of Serlui-B Hydel Project on the water quality of Serlui river, as river water is directly used for drinking and various other domestic purposes by the local people settled in vicinity. Altogether, three sampling sites were selected for detailed investigation along the river from upstream to downstream along the hydel project. The water samples were collected at monthly interval for analysis of various parameters namely, Temperature (22.2˚C-34.3˚C), pH (6.1-7.7), Electrical Conductivity (81µS-154µS), Dissolved Oxygen (5.7-8.1mgL-1), Biological Oxygen Demand (0.6-2.2mgL-1), Acidity (31-68 mgL-1 CaCO3), Total Alkalinity (18-70mgL-1 CaCO3), Chloride (21-145.67mgL-1CaCO3), Phosphate-P (0.017-0.210mgL-1) and Nitrate-N (0.14-0.60mgL-1). The findings reveal that intensity of pollutants increased from Site 1 (Upstream- Control Site) to Site 3 (Downstream), indicating impact of hydel project on river water quality. It is revealed that values are within the prescribed limits as given by various scientific agencies, except Phosphate-P. But long term use of such water may lead to adverse effects on human beings as well as aquatic life. Thus, there is an ample scope of proper treatment of water before use.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Pollutants, Serlui-B hydel project, Serlui river, Water quality standards, Water treatment

  References
  [1]. Rajiv P., Salam H.A., Kamaraj M., Sivaraj R., Shankar, A., “Physico Chemical and Microbial Analysis of Different River Waters in Western Tamil Nadu, India”, I Res. J. Environment Sci., Vol.1, Issue.1, pp.2-6, 2012.
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  Citation
  Sangeeta Sunar, "Variations in water quality characteristics of Serlui river as impacted by Serlui-B hydel project in Kolasib district, Mizoram," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.3, Issue.6, pp.39-47, 2017

• Open Access   Article

  Clustering Classification for Diabetic Patients using K-Means and M-Tree prediction model

  Prateeksha Tomar, Amit Kumar Manjhvar

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp.48-53, Jun-2017

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  Medicinal Data mining is the way in the direction of removing concealed examples from therapeutic data. This paper shows the advancement of a crossover model for ordering Pima Indian diabetic database (PIDD). The model comprises of two phases. In the primary stage, the K-means bunching is utilized to distinguish and take out erroneously grouped examples. The nonstop data is changed over to all out frame by rough width of the coveted interims, in light of the conclusion of restorative master. In the second stage an adjusted arrangement is finished utilizing M tree C4.5 by taking the accurately bunched event of first stage. Test comes about imply the fell K-means grouping and M tree C4.5 has upgraded arrangement precision of C4.5. Additionally administers produced utilizing fell C4.5 tree with clear cut data are less in numbers and simple to translate contrasted with principles created with C4.5 alone with persistent data. The proposed fell model with all out data got the arrangement precision of 93.33 % when contrasted with exactness of 73.62 % utilizing C4.5 alone for PIMA Indian diabetic dataset.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  K-means clustering, Categorical data, rule based classification, M-tree, Pima Indian Diabetics

  References
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  Citation
  Prateeksha Tomar, Amit Kumar Manjhvar, "Clustering Classification for Diabetic Patients using K-Means and M-Tree prediction model," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.3, Issue.6, pp.48-53, 2017

• Open Access   Article

  Optimal Multiple Sequence Alignment

  Pankaj Bhanbri, O.P. Gupta

  Review Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp.54-60, Jun-2017

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  The research in bioinformatics has accumulated large amount of data. The biological data is available in different formats and is comparatively more complex. The term bioinformatics is related to study of bio-molecules information. The informatics techniques are applied to understand and organize the information associated with these molecules. Bioinformatics offers different knowledge discovery concepts for molecular biology and has many practical applications. DNA sequence alignment is one of the applications of the bioinformatics. Multiple Sequence Alignment is used to align the biological sequences along a column. As the process generates distances of multiple alignments among the pairs of different species, phylogenetic tree is being formulated. Multiple sequence alignment arranges the sequences in such a way that evolutionarily equivalent positions across all sequences are matched. Alignment of Substitutions made into two categories: Jukes Cantor Method and Kimura’s Method.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Bioinformatics, Phylogenetic tree, Juke’s Cantor model, Kimura’s 2-parameter model

  References
  [1]. S. Vijan and R. Mehra, “Biological Sequence Alignment for Bioinformatics Applications Using MATLAB”, Vol. 2, Issue.5, pp.310-315, 2011.
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  Citation
  Pankaj Bhanbri, O.P. Gupta, "Optimal Multiple Sequence Alignment," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.3, Issue.6, pp.54-60, 2017