Volume-5 , Issue-10 , Oct 2019, ISSN 2454-9312 (Online), 2454-6143 (Print) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Fingerprint Based Watermarking Using DWT and LSB Algorithm

  S. Sivaganesan, S. Maria Antony, E. Udayakumar, M. Pradeepa

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.10 , pp.1-4, Oct-2019

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Present age is the age of information and digital multimedia plays a very vital role in the representation, expression and propagation of the information. Equally important is to secure the information from being duplicated, altered and mutilated. Digital watermarking, hence has become a research topic to safeguard the copyright of the content. This work provides an innovative image watermarking scheme in two transform domains – Discrete Cosine Transform and Discrete Wavelet Transform. It is proved that DWT is more suited for authentication of fingerprints. DWT is better than DCT because the decomposition of images into three different levels. And concluded using the parameter mean square error, PSNR. From the study, it is obvious that DWT is better technique than DCT for the application of watermarking

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Digital Watermarking, Discrete Cosine Transformation, Discrete Wavelet Transform, DWT, LSB

  References
  [1] Ashdown M., Flagg M., Sukthankar R., and Rehg J.M., “A Flexible Projector-Camera System for Multi Planar Displays, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition”, (CVPR), pp. II-165 -II-172, 2014.
  [2] Akhil Pratap Singh and Agya Mishra, “Wavelet based Watermarking on Digital image”, Indian journal of Computer Science and Engineering, vol. 1, no. 2, 86-91.
  [3] Bo Chen and Hong Shen, “A new robust-fragile double image Watermarking algorithm”, Third international conference on multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, IEEE-2009.
  [4] Brown M.S. and Seales W. “A Practical and Flexible Tiled Display System”, 10th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications (PG`02), pp. 194 –203, 2002.
  [5] Del Colle et.al, “DWT based Digital Watermarking fidelity and robustness evaluation”, Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 4-1-2008.
  [6] Manzoor Ahmad Bhat, et.al, “Audio watermarking in images using wavelet transform”, IJCST, vol.2, issue 4, Oct-2011.
  [7] Panyavaraporn, J.; Horkaew, P.; Wongtrairat, W., "QR code watermarking algorithm based on wavelet transform,"Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2013 13th International Symposium on , vol., no., pp.791,796, 4-6 Sept. 2013
  [8] Naderahmadian, Y.; Hosseini-Khayat, S., "Fast Watermarking Based on QR Decomposition in Wavelet Domain," Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP), 2010 Sixth International Conference on , vol., no., pp.127,130, 1517 Oct. 2010.
  [9] Zhaoshan Wang, ShanxiangLv,YanShna (2012),”A Digital Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on Chaos and Fresnel Transform”, 2012
  [10] Bo Chen and Hong Shen, “A new robust-fragile double image Watermarking algorithm”, Third international conference on multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, IEEE-2009.
  [11] R. Muthammal, K. Abinaya, R. Aishwarya, D.R. Anisha, “High Speed Energy Efficient Multiplier For Digital Signal Processing” International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies Vol.4, Issue.4, pp.1-4, April .2018
  

  Citation
  S. Sivaganesan, S. Maria Antony, E. Udayakumar, M. Pradeepa, "Fingerprint Based Watermarking Using DWT and LSB Algorithm," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.10, pp.1-4, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Assessment of Efficacy of OTC Medication in Pain Management on Musculoskeletal Disorders among Adults from Selected Rural areas of central Karnataka: A Pharmacoepidemiological Study

  Ravi Chandra Yadav, Shankar Reddy

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.10 , pp.5-9, Oct-2019

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Background: Medicines are important for treating diseases and they are responsible for improving the populations QOL. People may well continue to use OTC medicines extensively and inappropriately to mask severe symptoms and maintain function in their daily lives. Indiscriminate use of OTC medicines might cause health risks and abuse of these medications is a national issue. Methodology: This was a Prospective observational study in which selection of subjects is based on random sampling method subjects of different rural areas are included. Informed consent form will be provided to subjects with a brief explanation about study and its importance in local language. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A total of 103 subjects were enrolled on the basis of randomized sampling in the study. Analgesic OTC usage pattern was common issue in literates as well as lliterates, the patterns of usage of these medications were observed to be more in workers than non-workers. There is no relation between sleep and hangover with alcohol intake. But the hang over is due to only analgesic intake. 4 subjects associated with CV problems which may be attributed either to NSAID usage or other conditions. Conclusion: The study concludes that workers are more prone to use analgesic OTC medications. Even though there is an option of home remedy subjects are still relaying directly on medications. CV risks associated with NSAID medications have observed but there is no clear evidence

  Key-Words / Index Term
  OTC, Analgesics, Patient Education, CV, NSAID, QOL

  References
  [1]. www.williamoslerquotes.com
  [2]. World Health Organization. WHO Drug Information Vol. 14, No. 1, 2000: General Policy Issues: The Benefits and Risks of Self Medication. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2000.
  [3]. National Institute of Drug Abuse. (2011). Prescription drug abuse and addiction. Retrieved from http://drugabuse.gov/PDF/ RRPrescription.pdf
  [4]. Domingues P, Galvão T, Andrade K, Araújo P, Silva M. Prevalence and associated factors of self-medication in adults living in the Federal District, Brazil: a cross-sectional, population-based study. Epidemiol. Serv. Saude, Brasília. 2017;26(2).
  [5]. Townsend A, Backman CL, Adam P, et al. BMJ Open 2013;3:e002164. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002164
  [6]. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2007 national survey on drug use and health: National results. Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Applied Studies, 2008.
  [7]. World Health Organization. The Role of the Pharmacist in Self- Care and Self-Medication. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 1998.
  [8]. Hughes CM, McElnay JC, Fleming GF. Benefits and risks of self medication. Drug Saf 2001;24(14):1027–37
  [9]. World Health Organization. The role of the pharmacist in self-care and self-medication [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1998 [cited 2016 Dec 13]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/whozip32e/whozip32e.pdf
  [10]. Albers GW, Amarenco P, Easton JD, Sacco RL, Teal P (2004) Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke. Chest 126:483S–512S.
  [11]. Marak A, Borah M, Bhattacharyya H, Talukdar K. A cross-sectional study on self-medication practices among the rural population of Meghalaya. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health ,2016;5(6):1134-38.
  [12]. Meenambal S, Geetha KM, Raadhika KM, Parameswari RM. A Questionnaire Based Study for the Evaluation of over the Counter Usage of Analgesic Drugs among Diabetic Industrial Worker’s in Madurai. International Journal of Science and Research,2015;6(6):295-98.
  [13]. Jain P, Ajay A, Singla RK, Agrawal.P. Statistical Study on Self Medication Pattern in Haryana, India. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012; 2(1): 21-35.
  [14]. Manohar HD, Manohar HL. Impact of Knowledge and Attitude on Practices of Over the Counter Medications. International Conference on Operations Excellence and Service Engineering,2015:10-11.
  [15]. Tannir MA, Harbi AA, Mutiri NA, Juwaie MA, Altannir YM. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Self-Medication with Prescription Drugs among Saudi Adults. International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives,2015; 6(5): 26- 31.
  [16]. Nissen SE, Yeomans ND, Solomon DH, et al; PRECISION Trial Investigators. Cardiovascular safety of celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen for arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(26):2519-2529.
  [17]. Hersh EV, Pinto A, Moore PA. Adverse Drug Interactions Involving Common Prescription and Over-the-Counter Analgesic Agents. Clinical Therapeutics,2007;29:1-21
  

  Citation
  Ravi Chandra Yadav, Shankar Reddy, "Assessment of Efficacy of OTC Medication in Pain Management on Musculoskeletal Disorders among Adults from Selected Rural areas of central Karnataka: A Pharmacoepidemiological Study," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.10, pp.5-9, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Study on Safety of Pedestrian at Mid-block Crossings in Urban Areas of Developing Countries

  Badveeti Adinarayana, Mohammad Shafi Mir

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.10 , pp.10-17, Oct-2019

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  In developing countries, like India, there has been a rapid increase in the pedestrian volumes and traffic-pedestrian conflicts in the last few decades and that calls for increase in the pedestrian safety facilities at mid-block crossings in the CBD area. In the present study video graphic technique was used and the data was collected at different study locations in the CBD area of the city where the high pedestrian flows were observed. The final results were obtained from the questionnaire survey and the data was analysed from composition of respondents. To enhance safety of pedestrians at mid-block crossings under mixed traffic conditions. In future there is a need to improve the pedestrian safety facilities at mid-block crossings in urban areas

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Pedestrian, Questionnaire, Mid-block locations, Inventory pedestrian safety issues, safety Measures

  References
  [1] Van Houten R, Malenfant J E and D McCusker (2001). Advance Yield Markings: Reducing motor vehicle-pedestrian conflicts at multilane crosswalks with uncontrolled approach. Transportation Research Record 1773, Paper No. 01-2247.
  [2] Sanca, M (2002). Application of design for safer urban roads and junctions: selected countermeasures. Linkoping University, Sweden.
  [3] Zegeer C V, Stewart JR, Huang H and P Lagerwey (2001). Safety effects of marked versus unmarked crosswalks at uncontrolled locations. Transportation Research Record 1773, Paper No. 01- 0505.
  [4] Indian Road Congress (IRC 103-2012), Principle of pedestrian crossings at midblock and key guidelines from Guidelines for Pedestrian facilities.
  

  Citation
  Badveeti Adinarayana, Mohammad Shafi Mir, "Study on Safety of Pedestrian at Mid-block Crossings in Urban Areas of Developing Countries," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.10, pp.10-17, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Development of BLDC Motor Based Elevator System Suitable for DC Microgrid

  Subbi Naidu Bora

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.10 , pp.18-22, Oct-2019

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  This Paper presents a power factor corrected (PFC) bridgeless (BL) buck–boost converter-fed brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drive for Elevator Systems suitable for operating with DC Micro-Grid. An approach of speed control of the BLDC motor by controlling the dc link voltage of the voltage source inverter (VSI) is used with a single voltage sensor. This facilitates the operation of VSI at fundamental frequency switching by using the electronic commutation of the BLDC motor which offers reduced switching losses. A BL configuration of the buck–boost converter is proposed which offers the elimination of the diode bridge rectifier, thus reducing the conduction losses associated with it. BL buck-boost converter is designed to operate in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) to provide an inherent PFC at ac mains. It is known that the Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors have smooth speed control, high power density and fewer complexities in power converter and controller when operated with dc supply as compared to other electrical motors. For analyzing the proposed BLDC motor-based Elevator System, a MATLAB/Simulink model has been developed by inserting various electrical and mechanical components

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors, voltage source inverter (VSI), power factor corrected (PFC) bridgeless (BL) buck–boost converter

  References
  [1] E. Jung, H. Yoo, S.-K Sul, H.-S. Choi and Y.-Y. Choi, “A Nine-Phase Permanent-Magnet Motor Drive System for an Ultra high-Speed Elevator,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 987 – 995, May/June 2012.
  [2] A. Onat, E. Kazan, N. Takahashi, D. Miyagi, Y. Komatsu and S. Markon, “Design and Implementation of a Linear Motor for Multicar Elevators,” IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatron., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 685 – 693, Oct. 2010.
  [3] H. S.Lim, R. Krishnan and N. S. Lobo, “Design and Control of a Linear Propulsion Systemfor an Elevator Using Linear Switched Reluctance Motor Drives,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 534 – 542, Feb. 2008.
  [4] N. Mutoh, N. Ohnuma, A. Omiya and M. Konya, “A Motor Driving Controller Suitable for Elevators,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1123 – 1134, Nov. 1998.
  [5] M. Osama and O. Abdul-Azim, “Implementation and Performance Analysis of an Elevator Electric Motor Drive System,” in Proc. 12th Int. Middle-East Power Syst. Conf., Aswan, 2008, pp. 114 – 118.
  [6] C. L. Xia, Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor Drives and Controls. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2012.
  [7] J. Moreno, M. E. Ortuzar, and J. W. Dixon, “Energy-management system for a hybrid electric vehicle, using ultra capacitors and neural networks,”IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 614–623, Apr. 2006.
  [8] Y. Chen, C. Chiu, Y. Jhang, Z. Tang, and R. Liang, “A driver for the single-phase brushless dc fan motor with hybrid winding structure,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no. 10, pp. 4369–4375, Oct. 2013
  [9] X. Huang, A. Goodman, C. Gerada, Y. Fang, and Q. Lu, “A single sided matrix converter drive for a brushless dc motor in aerospace applications,”IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 3542–3552, Sep. 2012.
  

  Citation
  Subbi Naidu Bora, "Development of BLDC Motor Based Elevator System Suitable for DC Microgrid," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.10, pp.18-22, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Study on Water Quality Index & Status of Three Rivers (Khan, Narmada and Kshipra)

  R. Chaudhary, B. Kumar, S. Soni

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.10 , pp.23-32, Oct-2019

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The present study intended to calculate the Water Quality Index (WQI) of Narmada, Khan and Kshipra River at ten sampling points flowing through the districts of Indore, Khargone and Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. All the three tributaries having religious significance and Narmada is one of the lifeline of M.P. Due to anthropogenic activities these rivers are highly polluted. The present study is based on seasonal monitoring of physico chemical parameters and observed the status of WQI of these tributaries seasonally and also compared the WQI with the previous data. The physico-chemical parameters were measured during the study period. The results obtained from the application of ICMR WQI concluded that, the overall water quality index of year 2014-15 was calculated as 84.46 which fell under the Very Poor water quality class (index value between 76-100). The water quality index reduced towards the year 2018-19 of the river it is 59.42 which shows the poor water quality class (index value between 51-75). The level of water pollution is slightly improved as compared to previous years

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Water Quality Index, Tributaries, Khan River, Physico-Chemical Parameter

  References
  [1]. A. Kumar Misra, “A River about to Die: Yamuna”. J. Water Resource and Protection, Vol.2, pp.489-500, 2010.
  [2]. D. Dohare, A. Nighojkar, A. Kotiya, “Analysis of Physico-Chemical Water Pollution Indicators by Statistical Evaluation & Water Quality Index of Khan River at Indore, India”. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Vol. 3, Issue.8, pp. 2148-2156, 2014.
  [3]. Guidelines for Water Quality Monitoring Central Pollution Control Board Parivesh Bhawan East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-32.MINARS/27/2007-08.
  [4]. R.C. Gupta.A. K.Gupta and R.k. Shrivastava, “Assessment of water quality status of Holy River Kshipra using water quality index”, Journal of Indian Water resources society vol.32, no.01-2, 2012.
  [5]. Dwivedi H.S., M. Bhawna, P.Dwivedi. “Study of Physicochemical Parameters River Khan”. International Journal of Research Granthalayah Social Issues and Environmental Problems, Vol.3, Issue.9, pp.1-3, 2015.
  [6]. Dalal P., “Seasonal Variations in Water Quality of Kshipra River in Ujjain, India”. International Journal of Technology & Engineering, Vol.3, Issue.3, pp. 235-246, 2016.
  [7]. R. S. Pawar , R.K. Bhatia, “Assessment of Water Quality of River Kshipra during Simhastha Mahakumbh Mela 2016 in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh” ,Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology, Vol. 3, Issue.4, pp. 410-413, 2016.
  [8]. N. Shivhare, S. Khan, N. Patel, A. Joshi, B. Dutt, “Effect of Nallahs on Groundwater in Indore City”. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, Vol.6, Issue. 5, pp. 434-443, 2017.
  [9]. K. K. Bagga, “Study and Analysis of Pollution in Khan River”. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development, Vol. 5, Issue.8, pp.30-34, 2018.
  [10]. D. Dohare, A. Nighojkar, A. Joshi, “Study of Some Physico-Chemical Water Pollutants of Kanh River at Indore – A Review”. Global Journal of Advance Engineering Technology and Sciences, .Vol.5, Issue. 3, pp.27-31, 2018.
  [11]. R. Gupta, K. Tatu , L. Christian , D. Joshi , R.D. Kamboj, “Seasonal Assessment of Some Water Quality Parameters for Estuarine and Riverine Zones of Narmada River, Gujarat”. International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.5, Issue.5, pp.42-51, 2018.
  [12]. W.W.Miller, H.M.Joung., M. and G.t, J.R., “Identification of water quality in Nevada through application”.J.Environ Quality Vol. 15.pp.265-272, 1986.
  [13]. N. Stambuk-Giljanvic, “Water quality evaluation by index in Dalmatia”. Water Res.33, pp.3423- 3440, 1999.
  [14]. 14.R.Chaudhary, S. Singh, A.Mahajan. “Preliminary integrated study on water quality index of three tributaries (khan, Narmada and kshipra river): Indore”, Journal of Indian Water Works Association, Vol. Xxxxix No. 2, pp.117-124, 2017.
  [15]. A.Nighojkar and ER.D. Dohare; “Physico-Chemical Parameters for Testing of Present Water Quality of Khan River at Indore, India”. International Research Journal of Environment Sciences Vol. 3, Issue.4, pp. 74-81, 2014.
  [16]. W. R.Ott, Water Quality Indices: A Survey of Indices Used In the United States, Epa-600/4-78- 005. Washington, Dc: Us Environmental Protection Agency, pp. 128, 1978.
  [17]. S.Kalavathy , R. Sharma T., S. K. P., “Water quality index of river Cauvery in Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu”, Arch. Environ. Sci.Vol. 5, pp. 55-61, 2011.
  [18]. M. K.Sharma., C. K.Jain and O. Singh, “Characterization of Point Sources And Water Quality Assessment Of River Hindon Using Water Quality Index”, Journal of Indian Water Resources Society, Vol. 34, Issue.1, 2014.
  

  Citation
  R. Chaudhary, B. Kumar, S. Soni, "Study on Water Quality Index & Status of Three Rivers (Khan, Narmada and Kshipra)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.10, pp.23-32, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Geomorphological Analysis of Landforms of Upper Cauvery Karnataka India

  Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.10 , pp.33-38, Oct-2019

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Landforms together make up a given terrain, and their arrangement in the landscape is known as topography. The Study Area lies between 750 29’ 19” E and 760 37’ 40” E longitude and 110 55’ 54” N and 130 23’ 12.8” N latitude. The study area covers an area of 10874.65 km2, having maximum length of 143.73 km. Drainage density is 1.43 km/km2 hence area is of coarse texture. The length of overlandflow is less than 0.4 indicating more runoff less infiltration. The study of hypsometric properties of watershed using hypsometric integral (HI) and hypsometric curve retrieved in that, HI value is 0.57 and hence watershed falls under the Mature Stage. Circularity ratio is 0.26 which shows that the drainage area is less circular

  Key-Words / Index Term
  DEM, Drainage Density, GIS, Hypsometry, Stream Frequency, Stream Length

  References
  [1] A1 Saud M.Morphometric Analysis of Wadi Aurnah Drainage System Western Arabian Peninsula.(2009)
  [2] Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, Chalapathi K and M Inayathulla. " Analysis of Landforms of a Mini Watershed of Manvi Taluk, Raichur District Karnataka" International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology Volume 6 Issue 4 September 2019 Page 105-109
  [4] Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, and M .Inayathulla. "Morphometry, Hypsometry Analysis and Runoff Estimation of Aam Talab Watershed Raichur, Karnataka" International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 5 Issue 3 2019 Page 1713-1727
  [5] Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla, "Rainfall Analysis for Modelling of IDF Curves for Bangalore Rural, Karnataka", International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.8, pp.114-132, 2019
  [6] Schumn,S.A.(1956).Evolution of drainage systems and slopes in Badland, at Perth Amboy, NewJersey. Geological Society of America, Bulletin.67:597-646.
  

  Citation
  Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla, "Geomorphological Analysis of Landforms of Upper Cauvery Karnataka India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.10, pp.33-38, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  A Goal Oriented Requirement Engineering Research Structure

  Shaik Subhani, K.P. Suryateja

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.10 , pp.39-44, Oct-2019

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Requirements engineering is a sub regulation of software engineering and critical phase in the overall software engineering life cycle. A number of improvements have been made to process the requirements engineering process. Most of them attempted to bond these requirements to goals. In this paper, we present major research works done in Goal-Oriented Requirement Engineering. It offers an incremental approach for elicitation, analysis, elaboration & refinement, specification and modeling of requirements. The assets of GORE claimed in the literature are presented. Several goal-oriented methods have been proposed and a comparative study is made, which handle as a pilot for readers to choose a suitable goal-oriented technique to accomplish the requirements engineering needs

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Requirements, GORE, Elicitation, Software Product, Goals, Refinement

  References
  [1] A. van Lamsweerde, "Requirements Engineering in the Year 00: A Research Perspective", Keynote Paper for ICSE’2000 - 22nd International Conference on Software Engineering, Limerick, ACM Press, 2000.
  [2] Axel van Lamsweerde, “Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering: A Roundtrip from Research to Practice‖”, 12th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE’04), Kyoto, Japan, 2004.
  [3] Alexei Lapouchnian “Goal-Oriented Requirement Engineering: An Overview of the Current Research‖, University of Toronto, 2005.
  [4] Kavakli, E.,”Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering: A Unifying Framework: Requirements Engineering”, Vol. 6 No. 4. pp. 237-251, 2002.
  [5] I. Sommerville, “Software Engineering” 7th Edition, Addison-Wesley, 2004.
  [6] Bashar Nuseibeh & Steve Easterbrook "Requirements Engineering: A Roadmap", 2000.
  [7] Klaus Pohl "The Three Dimensions of Requirements Engineering"2003.
  [8] K. Yue, “What Does It Mean to Say that a Specification is Complete?”, Proc. IWSSD-4, Fourth International Workshop on Software Specification and Design, Monterey, 1987.
  [9] Robinson, W.N., “Integrating Multiple Specifications Using Domain Goals”, Proc. IWSSD-5 - 5th Intl. Workshop on Software Specification and Design, IEEE, , 219-225, 1989.
  [10] P. Zave,”Classification of Research Efforts in Requirements Engineering”, ACM Computing Surveys, 29(4), 1997.
  [11] Subhani Shaik et al.,”A Comparative Study Based on Optimization Techniques for Software Cost Estimation”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 10, 2016.
  [12] Megha Jain , Abhikrati Shukla , Swati Gupta,” A Comparative Study of Financial Performance of Maruti Suzuki India Ltd & Tata Motors Ltd”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol.5, Issue.9, pp.75-85, 2019.
  

  Citation
  Shaik Subhani, K.P. Suryateja, "A Goal Oriented Requirement Engineering Research Structure," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.10, pp.39-44, 2019