Volume-8 , Issue-3 , Jun 2020, ISSN 2348-3423 (Online) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Studies on Growth, Magnetic and Spectroscopic Properties of Barium Doped Cobalt Cadmium Oxalate Crystals

  P.S. Rohith, N. Jagannatha

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.1-5, Jun-2020

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v8i3.15

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Barium doped cobalt cadmium oxalate (BCoCO) single crystals have been grown in silica hydro gel by optimizing the growth parameters. Obtained crystals were characterized using powder and single X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Goy balance and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The crystal exhibit triclinic structure with unit cell parameters a=5.973A?, b=6.630 A?, c=8.442 A?, α= 74.68?, β=74.27? and γ = 81.17?. The presence of various functional groups was identified using FTIR spectroscopy. Magnetic susceptibility studies confirm the paramagnetic behaviour of the crystal. The energy bandgap, electrical susceptibility, real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant of the as-grown crystals was calculated from the UV-Visible spectroscopy and reported.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  BCoCO, triclinic, susceptibility, dielectric constant, UV-Visible spectroscopy

  References
  [1] H. K. Henisch, J. Dennis, ?Crystal Growth in gels?, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, Vol.26, pp.493-500, 1965.
  [2] Laxman Singh, U.S. Rai, K.D. Mandal, ?Progress in the growth of CaCu3Ti4O12 and related functional dielectric perovskites?, Progress in crystal growth and characterization of Materials, Vol.60, pp.15-62, 2014.
  [3] S. M. Dharmaprakash and P. Mohan Rao, ?Periodic Crystallization of Barium oxalate in silica hydrogel?, Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol.8, pp.511, 1986.
  [4] N.H. Manani, H.O. Jethva, ?Dielectric Relaxation, Conductivity Mechanism and Complex Impedance Spectroscopic Studies of Pure and Cadmium Mixed Cobalt Levo-Tartrate Crystals?, International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, pp.08-15, 2020.
  [5] P.S. Rohith, N. Jagannatha, ?Growth and Characterization of Pure and Magnesium Doped Copper Cadmium Oxalate Single Crystals?, Materials Today Proceedings, Vol.8, pp.85-93, 2019.
  [6] M. R. Shedam and A. Venkateswara Rao, ?Effect of Temperature on Nucleation and Growth of Cadmium Oxalate Single Crystals in Silica Gel?, Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol.52, pp.263, 1998.
  [7] S.K. Arora and T. Abraham, ?Controlled Nucleation of Cadmium Oxalate in Silica Hydro Gel and Characterization of Grown Crystals?, Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol.52, pp.851-857, 1977.
  [8] J. Dennis and H.K. Henisch, ?Impurity Distribution in Single Crystals. III. Impurity Heterogeneities in Single Crystals?, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol.114, pp.738-742, 1967.
  [9] M.I. Diaz-Guemes, A.S. Bhatti and D. Dollimore, ?The thermal Decomposition of Oxalates. Part. 21. The Preparation and Thermal Decomposition of an oxy Molybdenum (VI)?, Themochemica Acta, Vol.106, pp.125-132, 1986.
  [10] P.S. Rohith, N. Jagannatha, ?Studies on Thermal and Spectroscopic Properties of Magnesium Doped Single Crystal?, Journal of Applicable Chemistry, Vol.7, pp.1033-1039, 2018.
  [11] P.V. Dalal, K.B. Saraf, N.G. Shimpi, and N.R. Shah, ?Pyro and Kinetic Studies of Barium Oxalate Crystals Grown in Silica Gel?, Journal of Crystallization Process and Technology, Vol.2, pp.156-160, 2012.
  [12] N. Jagannatha, and P. Mohan Rao, ?Studies on Impurity Incorporation in Cadmium Oxalate Crystals Grown by Gel Method?, Bulletin of Materials Science, Vol.16, pp.365-370, 1993.
  [13] P.S. Rohith, N. Jagannatha, ?spectral studies of gel grown Ca2+ and Mg2+ doped cobalt cadmium oxalate single crystals?, AIP Conf. Proc., pp.060003-1?060003-6, 2020.
  [14] P.S. Rohith, N. Jagannatha, ?Effect of Ba2+ Incorporation on Thermal and Optical Properties of Cobalt Cadmium Oxalate Single Crystals?, Journal of Applicable Chemistry, Vol.4, pp.1838-1844, 2019.
  [15] S.K. Arora, and T. Abraham, ?Controlled Nucleation of Cadmium Oxalate in Silica Hydro Gel and Characterization of Grown Crystals?, Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol.52, pp.851-857, 1977.
  [16] B. Parekh, P.M. Vyas, S.R. Vasant, and M.J. Joshi, ?Thermal, FTIR and Dielectric Studies of Gel Grown Na2C2O4 Crystals?, Bulletin of Materials Science, Vol.31, pp.143-147, 2008.
  
   
  [17] P.V. Dalal, ?Nucleation Controlled Growth of Cadmium Oxalate Crystals in Agar Gel and Their Characterization?, Indian Journal of Materials Science, Vol.7, pp.729-735, 2013.
  [18] P.S. Rohith, N. Jagannatha, Effect of Strontium doping on thermal and optical properties of gel grown Copper cadmium and cobalt cadmium oxalate crystals. Int. J. Chemtech research, Vol.13, pp.91-98, 2020.
  [19] F.D. Selasteen, and S.A.C. Raj, ?Influences of Sodium in Cadmium Oxalate Dehydrate Single Crystals-Synthesis, Growth and Characterization?, International Journal of Physics, Vol.2, pp.29-33, 2016.
  [20] A.M.E. Raj, ?Optimized Growth and Characterization of Cadmium Oxalate Single Crystals in Silica Gel?, Solid State Sciences, Vol.10, pp.557-562, 2008.
  [21] P.S. Rohith, N. Jagannatha, ?Optical properties of gel grown Ca2+ doped copper cadmium oxalate single crystals?, Int. J. Phys. and Appl. Sci., Vol.6, pp.01-09, 2019.
  [22] A.M.E. Raj, D.D. Jayanthi, and V.B. Jothy, ?Crystal Structure and Thermal Characterization of Cadmium Oxalate CdC2O4 and Barium Doped Cadmium Oxalate Ba?CdC2O4 Single Crystals Grown in Silica Gel?, Inorganica Chemical Acta, Vol.362, pp.1535-1540, 2009.
  [23] J. Tauc, R. Grigorovici, and A. Vancu, ?Optical Properties and Electric Structure of Amorphous Dielectric Germanium?, Physica Status Solidi B, Vol.15, pp.627-637, 1966.
  [24] T.S. Moss, ?Relations between the Refractive Index and Energy Gap of Semiconductors?, J. Phys. Stat. Sol (B), Vol.131, pp.415-427, 1985.
  [25] P.S. Rohith, N. Jagannatha, ?Studies on the Growth and Characterization of Barium Doped Copper Cadmium Oxalate Dihydrate Single Crystals?, J. Mater. Environmental. Sci., Vol.11, pp.788-794, 2019.
  [26] C. Ramachandra Raja, G. Gokila, ?Growth and spectroscopic characterization of a new organic nonlinear optical crystal: l-Alaninium succinate?, Spectrochimica Acta Part A., Vol.72, pp.753?756, 2009.
  [27] R.R. Reddy, S. Anjaneyulu, ?Analysis of the Moss and Ravindra relations?, Phys. Stat. Solidi, Vol.174, pp.91-94, 1992.
  [28] P. Vasudevan, S. Shankar, D. Jayaraman, ?Synthesis, Optical and Electrical Studies of Nonlinear Optical Crystal: L-Arginine Semi-oxalate?, Bull Korean Chem. Soc., Vol.34, pp.128-132, 2013.

  Citation
  P.S. Rohith, N. Jagannatha, "Studies on Growth, Magnetic and Spectroscopic Properties of Barium Doped Cobalt Cadmium Oxalate Crystals," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.1-5, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Kinematics and Dynamics of a Rigid Body in Plane Motion

  J.C. Jim?nez-S?ez, S. Ram?rez, S. Mu?oz

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.6-11, Jun-2020

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v8i3.611

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  This article shows a way to derivate the kinematic and dynamic equations of a rigid body in plane motion with respect to the instantaneous center of rotation. The relative-acceleration equation is derived from the relative-velocity equation applied to this point. The angular-momentum and work-energy theorems are obtained by differentiating the angular momentum and the kinetic energy respectively relative to this point. This article offers several novel aspects with respect to existing literature. On the one hand, the deduction of the relative-acceleration equation by using the instantaneous center, and the other hand, the demonstration of the equivalence between the angular-momentum equation and the work-energy equation applied both also to this point. The instantaneous center is usually the most convenient point to solve problems of a rigid body in plain motion in the simplest way.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Rigid body, Plane Motion, Instant center of rotation, Equations of motion

  References
  [1] W.F.D. Theron, ?On Using Moments around the Instantaneous Center of Rotation,? American Journal of Physics, Vol.77, Issue.10, pp.918-919, 2009.
  [2] M.S. Tiersten, ?Moments not to Forget - The Conditions for Equating Torque and Rate of Change of Angular Momentum around the Instantaneous Center,? American Journal of Physics, Vol.77, Issue.10, pp.733?738, 2009.
  [3] I.H. Shames, ?Engineering Mechanics,? Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1980.
  [4] M.F. Jr. Beatty, ?Principles of Engineering Mechanics: Kinematics - The Geometry of Motion,? Plenum Press, New York, 1986.
  [5] J.G. Papastavridis, ?Analytical Mechanics: A Comprehensive Treatise on the Dynamics of Constrained Systems,? World Scientific, 2014.
  [6] K. Symon, ?Mechanics,? Addison-Wesley, Massachusetts, 1971.
  [7] F.R. Zypman, ?Moments to Remember - The Conditions for Equating Torque and Rate of Change of Angular Momentum,? American Journal of Physics, Vol.58, Issue.1, pp.41-43, 1990.
  [8] R.B. Bhat, R.V. Dukkipati, ?Advanced Dynamics,? Alpha Science, Pangbourne, 2001.
  [9] G.W. Housner, D.E.Hudson: ?Applied Mechanics Dynamics,? California Institute of Technology, 1980.
  [10] S.L. Loney, ?Dynamics of a Particle and of Rigid Bodies,? Cambridge U. P., London, 1946.

  Citation
  J.C. Jim?nez-S?ez, S. Ram?rez, S. Mu?oz, "Kinematics and Dynamics of a Rigid Body in Plane Motion," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.6-11, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  The Right Speed of Light in a Vacuum and the Right Relativity

  H.A. Hussein

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.12-18, Jun-2020

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v8i3.1218

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  This article will propose and empirically validate a new hypothesis for the speed of light. The main result of this proposal is that Galilean/Newtonian relativity is more accurate than special relativity, even for relativistic speeds. The hypothesis is ?Light moves in a free space at a speed c, in the inertial reference frame of the smallest celestial particle containing the light source. Once it is released outside the effect zone of this celestial particle, its speed will be c in the inertial reference frame of the bigger celestial particle or the celestial particle that will pick up it. Celestial particles act as carriers for Light.? Another important result for of this proposal is that the absolute/relative speed of light or any other particle may exceed the value c. Through the article, we will deeply validate this proposal using famous phenomena and experiments such as Aberration, Doppler Effect, Binary Stars, Headlight Effect, Michelson-Morley Experiment, and Time Dilation.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Speed of Light, special relativity, Galilean relativity, Newtonian Relativity, Lorentz Transformation, speed of light in vacuum, Light speed, speed of light in a free space

  References
  [1] E.T. Whittaker, ?A History of the theories of aether and electricity,? Longmans, Green, London, pp. 120-121, 1910.
  [2] A.A. Faraj, ?The Ives-Stilwell Experiment,? The General Science Journal, pp.2, 2016.
  [3] W. de Sitter, ?A proof of the constancy of the velocity of light,? Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Proceedings, vol.15, Issue.2, pp.1297-1298, 1913.
  [4] M.H. Fizeau, ?On the Effect of the Motion of a Body upon the Velocity with which it is traversed by Light,? Philosophical Magazine, vol.19, Issue.4, pp.245-260, 1860.
  [5] J. Bailey, K. Borer, F. Combley, H. Drumm, F. Krienen, F. Lange, E. Picasso, W. von Ruden, F. J. M. Farley, J. H. Field, W. Flegel, P.M. Hattersley, ?Measurements of relativistic time dilatation for positive and negative muons in a circular orbit,? Nature, 268, pp.301-305, 1977.
  [6] J. Bailey, K.Borer, F.Combley, H.Drumm, C.Eck, F.J.M.Farley, J.H.Field, W.Flegel, P.M.Hattersley, F.Krienen, F.Lange, G.Leb?e, E.McMillan, G.Petrucci, E.Picasso, O.R?nolfsson, W.von R?den, R.W.Williams, S.Wojcicki1, ?Final report on the CERN muon storage ring including the anomalous magnetic moment and the electric dipole moment of the muon, and a direct test of relativistic time dilation,? Nuclear Physics B, vol.150,pp.1-75, 1979.
  

  Citation
  H.A. Hussein, "The Right Speed of Light in a Vacuum and the Right Relativity," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.12-18, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Excitation Wavelength Dependence of Emission Spectra of Polymer Films Doped With 2-Naphthol

  Kunwar Singh, G.C. Joshi

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.19-24, Jun-2020

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v8i3.1924

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  It has been considered worthwhile to study excitation wavelength dependence of emission spectra for the aqueous solution and films of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) doped with 2-naphthol. It is observed that PVA and PVAc films the absorption and emission spectra of 2-naphthol are similar to the corresponding spectrum of 2-naphthol in water. But for PMMA while the absorption spectrums is as similar to absorption spectrum in other polymers and water the emission spectrum differs considerably. Such a difference has been explained on the basis of one to one binding of 2-naphthol with PMMA molecules. The absorption, excitation and fluorescence spectra of these organic molecules are dependent upon the polymer composition and the micro environment surrounding the fluorescence. In this study we investigated that excitation wavelength dependence of emission of these polymer films. The study concludes that the observed excitation wavelength dependence of the emission spectrum is attributed to different conformations present in the polymer matrix

  Key-Words / Index Term
  2-naphthol, PMMA, PVA, PVAc

  References
  [1] E. B. Abuin, E. Lissi, L. Gargallo et al. (1980) Europ. Polymer J. 16 1023-1025.
  [2] E. F. Kozyreva Vysokomol (1975) Soed. 17 651-654.
  [3] W. Fred Billmeyer (1968) Textbook of polymer science, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  [4] N. N. Barashkov, O.A. Gunder(1994) Fluorescent polymers Ed. By Eliss Herwood New York.
  [5] C.E. Hoyle, and J. M. Torkenson (1987) Photophysics of polymers, Symposium series 38.
  [6] V. Misra, H. Mishra, H. C. Joshi, T. C. Pant (2000) Sens. Actuators: B Chem. 63 18-23.
  [7] J. J. Petersion, G. G. Vurek (1984) Science 224 123-124.
  [8] H. E. Poach, M.J.P. Leiner, O.S. Wolfbeis, Biosensor 4, 15-26(1988).
  [9] M. Peesan, P. Supaphol, R. Rujiravanit (2007) J. Applied Science 4, 1844-1852.
  [10] T. Kardinahhl, H. Franke, (1995) J. Applied Physics A: Materials Science &Processing 61.1 23-27.
  [11] A. S. Cherkasov, K.G. Voldaikina (1968) Spectroscopy of Polymers. Ed. by M. Volkenstein, Kiev, Nauk. Dumka 126-132.
  [12] W. Ki. Lee, C. S. Ha (1994) J. Polymer (Korea) 8 934-941.
  [13] M. G. El. Shaarawy, A.F. Mansour, S. M. El-Bashir, M. K. El-Mansy, M. Hammam (2003) J. Applied Polymer Science 88 793-805.

  Citation
  Kunwar Singh, G.C. Joshi, "Excitation Wavelength Dependence of Emission Spectra of Polymer Films Doped With 2-Naphthol," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.19-24, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Study of Optical Properties of Ca2MgSi2O7: Eu 2+ activated and Ce 3+ doped Phosphor and application for Energy Storage

  D. Shukla, A. Pandey

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.25-27, Jun-2020

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v8i3.2527

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The Akermanite type calcium magnesium silicate Ca2MgSi2O7: Eu2+ activated and Ce3+ doped phosphor powder were prepared using high temperature solid state reaction. Their optical properties like thermoluminescence (TL), Photoluminescence (PL) were investigated in detail. Under UV irradiation, Ca2MgSi2O7:Ce3+Eu2+ phosphor exhibits a prominent emission band around 466nm. The Thermoluminescence (TL) analysis observed that it has been a single glow peak was occured in all the TL glow curves of Ca2MgSi2O7: Eu2+,Ce3+ codoped phosphor . Moreover, the kinetic parameter (activation energy and frequency factors) of trap centers was calculated from the TL glow curve of the prepared sample.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Photoluminescence, Thermoluminescence and kinetic parameters

  References
  [1] T. Matsuzawa, Y. Aoki, N. Takeuchi, Y. Murayama Journal of Electro chem., Soc., 143, 2670 ? 2673, 1996.
  [2] T. Aitasalo, P. Deren, J. H?ls?, H. Jungner, J.C. Krupa, M. Lastusaari, J. Legendziewicz, J. Niittykoski, W.Strek, Journal of Solid State Chem. , 171 ,114, 2003.
  [3] B. Liu , C. Shi , M.Yin, L. Dong ,Z. Xiao, Journal of Alloys and Compounds vol-387 , 65-69, 2005.
  [4] G.F.L. Garlick, Luminescent materials, Oxford university press, London, p-3 , 1949.
  [5] N.Taghavinia,G. Lerondel, H.Makino, T. Yao, Nanotechnol., 15, 1549?1553, 2004.
  [6] I.Sahu,D.P. Bisen,N. Brahme , Journal Of Bio. & chem. luminescence, vol.30, issue 7, 1125-1132 , 2015.
  [7] I.Sahu, D.P.Bisen, N.Brahme, Journal Of Bio. & chem. luminescence, doi:10.1002/bio.2869, 2015.
  [8] G.Y.Lee, J.Y.Han, S.H.Cheong , D.Y.Jeon,Optics Express, vol.21 , 3287, 2013.
  [9] Y. Jia, H.Qiao , Y. Zheng, N. Guo, and H.You , 2012: Journal of Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys.(PCCP) ,DOI:10,1039 , C2Cp 23343f , 2012.
  [10] M.Xie, H.Liang, X. Huang, Ye.Tao, Optics Express, vol.20, 15891, 2012.
  [11] D.M.Moore, R.C. Reynolds (Jr.) X-ray diffraction and the identification and analysis of clay minerals, Oxford Press, New York 1989.

  Citation
  D. Shukla, A. Pandey, "Study of Optical Properties of Ca2MgSi2O7: Eu 2+ activated and Ce 3+ doped Phosphor and application for Energy Storage," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.25-27, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Article on Basics of Quantum Theory

  JP.C. Mbagwu, B.I. Madububa, J.I. Onwuemeka

  Survey Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.28-35, Jun-2020

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v8i3.2835

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  This research is a study of underlying concepts of the Basics of Quantum theory which was introduced in the early 20th Century. In the theory of Quantum, Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie, Neil?s Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Schr?dinger, Max Born, Paul Dirac, et al created the idea now called quantum Physics. In particular, we explain why this theory is even more challenging than the postulates of the Quantum theory itself. Thus, in a while after Thomson?s atomic model discovery, Hantaro Nagaoka predicted a sundry kind of electronic arrangement. In particular, we explained the concepts of Atomic models, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and wave-particle nature. This article will be highly beneficial to a curious reader familiar with Quantum theory in general, and to scientists who want to have a background on the subject matter.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Quantum Theory, Atomic Model, Waves, Momentum, Uncertainty Principle

  References
  [1] Stanzl-Tschegg, S. ?Very high cycle fatigue measuring techniques?. International Journal of Fatigue, 60, pp.2-17, 2014.
  [2] Zhu, Y., Davis, S. W., Narayan, R., Kulkarni, A. K., Penna, R. F., & McClintock, J. E., ?The eye of the storm: light from the inner plunging region of black hole accretion discs?. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 424(4), pp.2504-2521, 2012.
  [3] Paul, H. ?Introduction to quantum optics: from light quanta to quantum teleportation?. Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  [4] Guillemin, V, ?The story of quantum mechanics?. Courier Corporation, 2003.
  [5] Harrison, P., & Valavanis, A, ?Quantum wells, wires, and dots: theoretical and computational physics of semiconductor nanostructures?. John Wiley & Sons, 2016.
  [6] Pinski, P., Riplinger, C., Valeev, E. F., & Neese, F, ?Sparse maps?A systematic infrastructure for reduced-scaling electronic structure methods. I. An efficient and simple linear scaling local MP2 method that uses an intermediate basis of pair natural orbitals?. The Journal of chemical physics, 143(3), 034108, 2015.
  [7] Gilman, J. J, ?Electronic basis of the strength of materials?. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
  [8] Bollig, T, ?Scientific Revolution in the Development of the Rutherford-Bohr Model of the Atom?. Springer, 2018.
  [9] English, N, ?Space telescopes: capturing the rays of the electromagnetic spectrum?. Springer, 2016.
  [10] De Broglie, L, ?Heisenberg?s Uncertainties and the Probabilistic Interpretation of Wave Mechanics: With Critical Notes of the Author?. Springer Science & Business Media. Vol. 40, 2012.
  [11] Capra, F, ?The Tao of physics: An exploration of the parallels between modern physics and eastern mysticism?. Shambhala Publications, 2010.
  [12] Roca, C. P., Cuesta, J. A., & S?nchez, A, ?Evolutionary game theory: Temporal and spatial effects beyond replicator dynamics?. Physics of life reviews, 6(4), pp.208-249, 2009.

  Citation
  JP.C. Mbagwu, B.I. Madububa, J.I. Onwuemeka, "Article on Basics of Quantum Theory," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.28-35, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Need of Complementary Analytical Technique at PIXE-Complex Matrix Composition Analysis

  A.V.S. Satyanarayana, M. Jagannadha Rao, K. Sai Satya Mounika

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.36-40, Jun-2020

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v8i3.3640

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  PIXE is one of the nuclear techniques used to analyze the samples of geological materials routinely, but its validity in case of simple materials or non-matrix samples may give good results depending on elements present in composition. The applicability in case of complex matrix material rocks or minerals, the validity of results is not accurate if material contains a wide range of elements and results obtained by PIXE as single methodologies, should compare with other analytic nuclear technique. Simultaneously, to obtain a wide range of results of the complex geological material by using any nuclear technique, complimentary techniques should apply to the material analysis in case of complex geological materials.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Geological materials, Non-matrix samples, Good results, Complex matrix material, Complementary Technique

  References
  [1] Christopher. M. Heirwesh, John. L. Campbell, Gerald. K. Czamanske, Refinement of major, minor element PIXE analysis of rocks and mineral. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 366, pp. 40-50, 2016.
  [2] C. W. Graham, C. R. John, L. C. John, N. Zdenek, & J. T. William, Application of PIXE to mineral characterization. Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research B; Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 189, pp. 387-393, 2002.
  [3] D. D. Cohen, R. Siegele, I, Orlic, Ed. Stelcer, Long term accuracy and precision of PIXE and PIGE measurements for thin and thick sample analyses. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 189, pp. 81, 2002.
  [4] A.V.S. Satyanarayana, S. Ravi Kumar, & S.V.R.A.N. Sharma, An application of PIXE technique to Proto Crustal Rocks: Geo chemical Evaluation of Granulitic Charnockites of Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Nuclear Physics, Material Sciences, Radiation and Applications, 3(2), 147-155, 2016.
  [5] A. V. S. Satyanarayana, M. Jagannadharao, K. Chandra Mouli and B. Seetarami Reddy, Performance of PIXE Technique through a Geochemical Analysis of High Grade Rocks J. Nucl. Phys. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. Vol. 7, No. 1, pp.11?27, 2019.
  [6] M. H. Kabir, Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) Setup and Quantitative Elemental Analysis (Ph.D. Dissertation) Kochi University of Technology Japan, 2007.
  [7] W. B. Barnett, A Calibration Algorithm for Atomic Absorption. Spectrochimica Acta. Part B, Atomic Spectroscopy. 39, Issue-6, pp. 829-836, 1984.
  [8] A. Sriramadas and A.T. Rao, Charnockites of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Journal of Geological Society of India. 20, pp. 512-517, 1979.
  [9] A. T. Rao and V. R. R. M. Babu, Allanite in Charnockites rock airport hill near Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. American Mineralogist. 63, pp. 330-331, 1978.

  Citation
  A.V.S. Satyanarayana, M. Jagannadha Rao, K. Sai Satya Mounika, "Need of Complementary Analytical Technique at PIXE-Complex Matrix Composition Analysis," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.36-40, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Dark Matter as Point-like Singularities: Alternative to Dark Halo Model

  Dino Martinez

  Survey Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.41-47, Jun-2020

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v8i3.4147

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Observed galactic rotational curves have led to the inference of dark matter. The dark matter halo model is the most prevalent model to this day. This paper introduces an alternative model where dark matter is instead concentrated into massive singularities within galactic clusters. Three different hypothetical cases using this model will be presented here which will simulate rotational curves reminiscent of what has been observed in the study of dark matter. In these different cases, three different positions of a galactic plane orbiting a DM singularity will be modeled to show how the DM has influence on the rotation curves from when the DM singularity is over the center of the galactic plane, to the apsis, and consequently to any position in the orbit. This paper serves as an introduction to this model and a possible new direction in the study of dark matter.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Dark Matter, Dark Matter Halo, Dark Halo Model Alternative, Dark Matter Singularity

  References
  [1] van Albada TS, Bahcall JN, Begeman K, and Sancisi R., ?Distribution of dark matter in the spiral galaxy NGC 3198?, The Astrophysical Joutnal, Vol.295, pp.305-313, 1985
  [2] Lewis AD, Buote DA, Stocke JT, ?Chandra Observations of A2029: The Dark Matter Profile Down to below 0.01rvir in an Unusually Relaxed Cluster", The Astrophysical Joutnal, Vol.586, No.1, pp.135-142, 2003
  

  Citation
  Dino Martinez, "Dark Matter as Point-like Singularities: Alternative to Dark Halo Model," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.41-47, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Applying Electrical Resistivity Tomography Method to Investigate the Impact of Large Ungulates on Wildlife Areas in Terms of Soil Compaction

  A.M.A. Adam, V. Pichler, M. Homolak

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.48-53, Jun-2020

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v8i3.4853

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The study was conducted in two main areas, are: Slovakia and Bialowieza Bison Park in Poland. We applied Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method to investigate the impact of large ungulates on wildlife areas in terms of soil compaction. We Measured two sites (high disturbed and undisturbed) in each plot. ERT data were processed through using the RES2DINV whin Geoelectrical Imaging (Geotomo Software), then we analysed the resistivity colours by using the Volfram Mathematica. Our results demonstrate that high disturbed plot sites have a higher electrical resistivity values (tones) than undisturbed sites and vice-versa. ERT method can be categorized among a useful method for investigating the impact of ungulates on soil in terms of compaction.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Electrical resistivity tomography, Soil compaction, Disturbed site, Undisturbed site

  References
  [1] Z. Chick, T. Islam,??Study of chemical effects on soil compaction characterizations through electrical conductivity,?? Internation Journal of Electrochemical Sciences, Vol. 6, pp. 6733?6740, 2011.
  [2] D. H. Griffiths, R. D. Barker, ??Two dimensional resistivity imaging and modeling in areas of complex geology, ?? Journal of Applied Geophysysics. Vol. 29, Issues 3?4, pp. 211?226. 1993.
  [3] M. Kumbasli, E. Makineci, M. Cakir, ??Long term effects of red deer (Cervus elaphus) grazing on soil in a breeding area,?? Journal of Environmental Biology. Vol. 31, Issues 1?2 pp.185?188, 2009.
  [4] M. A. Liebig, J. R. Gross, S. L. Kronberg, J. D. Hanson, A. B. Frank, R. L. Phillips, ??Soil response to long-term grazing in the northern Great Plains of N-America,?? Agricultural Ecosystem Environment. Vol. 115, Issues 1?4, pp. 270?276, 2006.
  [5] J. M. Sabatier, D. C. Sokal, C. K. Frederickson, M. J. M. Rdmkensb, E. H. Grissingerb, J. C. Shipps, ??Probe microphone instrumentation for determining soil physical properties,?? testing in model porous materials Soil Technology Vol.8, pp. 259?274. 1996.
  [6] A. Samouellan, I. Cousin, A. Tabbagh, A. Bruand, G. Richard, ??Electrical resistivity survey in soil science?? a review, Soil & Tillage Research Vol.83, Issue 2, pp. 173?193. 2005.
  [7] S. Youn-Zhong, L. Yu-Lin, C. Jian-Yuan, Z. Wen-Zhi, ??Influences of continuous grazing and livestock exclusion on soil properties in a degraded sandy grassland,?? Inner Mongolia, northern China. CatenaVol. 59, Issue 3, pp. 267?278, 2005.
  [8] J. Bird, ??Electrical and electronic principles and technology,?? Technology & Engineering, Routledge, London, pp/ 40, 2007.

  Citation
  A.M.A. Adam, V. Pichler, M. Homolak, "Applying Electrical Resistivity Tomography Method to Investigate the Impact of Large Ungulates on Wildlife Areas in Terms of Soil Compaction," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.48-53, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Growth and Characterization Studies of an Organic Nonlinear Optical Crystal - Oxalic Acid Dihydrate

  A. Gandhimathi, R.T. Karunakaran, A. Elakkina kumaran, S. Prabahar, R. Sathyalakshmi

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.54-59, Jun-2020

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v8i3.5459

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  An organic nonlinear optical (NLO) material, oxalic acid dihydrate (OAD) was grown by slow evaporation technique of solution growth method using the solvent tetrahydrofuran at constant temperature (35 ?C). Single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) was utilized to determine the lattice parameters of the grown crystal and the crystalline nature was examined by powder XRD. The existence of various functional groups was observed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. From Ultra violet-visible (UV-vis) study, the lower cut-off wavelength was indicated as 237 nm. The dielectric and photoconductivity analyses were also performed for the developed OAD crystal. The improved Kurtz and Perry powder technique was employed to find the second harmonic generation efficiency (SHG) of the crystal. The characterization results obtained throws light on the grown OAD crystal and conveys that is a good material to be utilized in the field of non-linear optics and applications

  Key-Words / Index Term
  NLO organic crystal, OAD, XRD, SHG, Dielectric, Photoconductivity

  References
  [1] M. Lenin, G. Bhavannarayana, P. Ramasamy, ?Synthesis, growth and characterization of a nonlinear optical crystal-glycine lithium chloride?, Optics Communications, Vol.282, Issue.6, pp.1202-1206, 2009. Doi: 10.1016/j.optcom.2008.08.048.
  [2] J. Thomas Joseph Prakash, S. Kumararaman, ?Growth and characterization L-asparagine thiourea monohydrate (LATM): A nonlinear optical single crystal?, Materials Letters, Vol.62, Issue.24, pp.4003?4005, 2008. Doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2008.05.055.
  [3] A. Wooster, ?Experimental crystal growth?, Plenum press, New York, 1957.
  [4] R. Manimekalai, R. Punniyamoorthy, S. Chidambaram and G. Pasupathi, ?Crystal growth and impact a bisthiourea on structural, optical, thermal and mechanical behavior of potassium sulphato oxalate- a novel semi organic nonlinear optical material?, International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.5, pp.41-47, 2018.
  [5] F.R. Ahmed, D.W.J. Cruickshank, ?A refinement of the crystal structure analyses of oxalic acid dihydrate?, Acta Crystallographica, Vol.6, Issue.5, pp.385-392, 1953. Doi: 10.1107/S0365110X53001083.
  [6] P. Coopens, T.M. Sabine, R.G. Deleplane, J.A. Ibers, ?An experimental determination of the asphericity of the atomic charge distribution in oxalic acid dihydrate?, Acta Crystallographica Section B, Vol.B25, pp.2451-2458, 1969. Doi: 10.1107/S0567740869005929.
  [7] E.D. Stevens, P. Coopens, ?Experimental electron density distributions of hydrogen bonds. High - resolution study of α ? oxalic acid dihydrate at 100K?, Acta Crystallographica Section B, Vol.36, pp.1864-1876, 1980. Doi: 10.1107/S0567740880007388.
  [8] J. Dam, S. Harkema, D. Feil, ?The electron density of α ? oxalic acid dihydrate at 100K by X-ray diffraction: A contribution to the IUCr commission on charge, spin and momentum densities project on the accurate determination of electron densities?, Acta Crystallographica Section B, Vol.39, pp.760-768, 1983. Doi: 10.1107/S0108768183003377.
  [9] L. John Torgesen, John Strassburger, ?Growth of oxalic acid single crystals from solution: Solvent effects on crystal habit?, Science, New Series, Vol.146, pp.53-55, 1964. Doi: 10.1126/science.146.3640.53.
  [10] Haruhiko Tanaka, Kazuhiro Kawabata, ?Thermal dehydration mechanism of oxalic acid dihydrate ii. Single crystal material?, Thermochima Acta, Vol.92, pp.219-222, 1985. Doi: 10.1016/0040-6031(85)85856-1.
  [11] M.D. King and T.M. Korter, ?Effect of waters of crystallization on terahertz spectra: anhydrous oxalic acid and its dihydrate?, Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol.114, Issue.26, pp.7127-7138, 2010. Doi: 10.1021/jp101935n.
  [12] G.E. Pringle, ?X-ray analysis of hydrogen bonding in the structure of oxalic acid dihydrate?, Acta Crystallographica, Vol.7, pp.716-720, 1954. Doi: 10.1107/S0365110X54002186.
  [13] K. Mahendra, Kavya K.Nayak, Brian Jeevan Fernandes, N.K. Udayashankar, ?Gamma irradiation effect on structural, optical and electrical properties of organometallic potassium hydrogen oxalate oxalic acid dihydrate single crystal?, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Vol.29, Issue.22, pp.18905-18912, 2018. Doi: 10.1007/s10854-018-9888-0.
  [14] A. Ponchitra, K. Balasubramanian, K. Muthu Sorna Meena, ?Growth, structural, optical and mechanical properties of Oxalic acid single crystal?, International Journal of Science, Engineering and Management, Vol.2, Issue.12, pp. 160-162, 2017.
  [15] C. Muthuselvi, A. Arunkumar, G. Rajaperumal, ?Growth and characterization of oxalic acid doped with tryptophan crystal for antimicrobial activity?, Der Chemica Sinica, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp. 55-62, 2016.
  [16] Jyotsna R Pandey, ?Growth and optical properties of organic GOA crystals?, American Journal of Engineering Research, Vol.3, Issue.3, pp.30-36, 2014.
  [17] S. Senthilkumar, C. Ramachandra Raja, R. Manimekalai, ?Growth and Characterization of Bio-semiorganic (Ficus religiosa Chlorophyll-a) Doped Potassium Dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP) Crystal?, International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.31-37, 2019. Doi:10.26438/ijsrpas/ v7i2.3137
  [18] J. Chandrasekaran, P. Ilayabarathi, P. Maadeswaran, ?Crystal growth and characterization of L-Valine cadmium aceate a semiorganic NLO crystals?, Optics Communications, Vol.285, Issue.18, pp. 3872-3876, 2012. Doi: 10.1016/j.optcom.2012.05.009.
  [19] J. Glorium Arul Raj, P. Selvarajan, S. Perumal, N. Murali Krishnan, ?Investigations on growth and characterization of undoped and thiourea?doped γ-glycine crystals for NLO applications?, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, Vol.26, Issue.10, pp. 1254-1260, 2011. Doi: 10.1080/10426914.2010.544823.
  [20] Z. Nahlovska, B. Nahlovsky, T.G. Strand, ?Molecular structure of gaseous oxalic acid from electron diffraction and IR data?, Acta Chemica Scandinavica, Vol.24, pp. 2617-2628, 1970. Doi: 10.3891/acta. chem. scand 24-2617.
  [21] S. Arjunan, A. Bhaskaran, R. Mohan Kumar, R. Mohan, R. Jayavel, ?Effect of iodic acid dopant on the growth and structural, optical, and electrical properties of L-arginine phosphate single crystals?, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, Vol.27, Issue.1, pp. 49-52, 2012. Doi: 10.1080/10426914.2011.551907.
  [22] K. Rajarajan, Joseph Ginson, Kumar S Ravi, I. Vetha Potheher, A. Joseph Arul Pragasam, K. Ambujam, P. Sagayaraj, ?Growth and optical studies of a novel organometallic complex NLO crystal: Tetrathiourea cadmium(II) Tetrathiocyanato zinc (II)?, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp. 370-374, 2007. Doi: 10.1080/10426910701190857.
  [23] K. Ambujam, C. Preema Thomas, S. Aruna, D. Prem Anand, P. Sagayaraj, ?Study of optical, electrical, and magnetic properties of Tetrakis thiourea nickel chloride single crystals?, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.346-350, 2007. Doi: 10.1080/10426910701190741.
  [24] S.K. Kurtz, T.T. Perry, ?A powder technique for the evaluation of nonlinear optical materials?, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol.19, Issue.8, pp.3798-3813, 1968. Doi: 10.1063/1.1656857.
  [25] P. Vasudevan, S. Gokulraj, S. Sankar, ?Synthesis, thermal and nonlinear optical characterization of L-arginine semi-oxalate single crystals?, AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol.1447, pp.1271-1272, 2012. Doi: 10.1063/1.4710475.
  [26] V.G. Sreevalsa, S. Jayalekshmi, ?Studies on the thermal, optical and dielectric properties of a new nonlinear optical crystal- L-citrulline oxalate grown by slow evaporation technique?, Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, Vol.64, Issue.1-2, pp.205-208, 2011. Doi: 10.1007/s12666-011-0040-6.
  [27] P. Mythili, T. Kanagasekaran, R. Gopalakrishnan, ?Growth and characterization of glycinium oxalate (Gox) single crystals?, Materials Letters, Vol.62, Issue.14, pp.2185-2188, 2008. Doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2007.11.092.
  [28] S.A. Martin Britto Dhas, S. Natarajan, ?Growth and characterization of lithium hydrogen oxalate monohydrate, a new semiorganic NLO material?, Materials Letters, Vol.62, Issue.6-7, pp.1136-1138, 2008. Doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2007.07.069.
  [29] S. Alfred devaprasad, J. Madhavan, ?Synthesis, growth and characterization of L- alaninium oxalate a promising nonlinear optical single crystal?, Archives of Applied Science Research, Vol.2, Issue.4, pp. 26-32, 2010.
  [30] M.N. Ravishankar, R. Chandramani, A.P. Gnanaprakash, ?Optical and mechanical characterization of solution grown semi organic NLO crystals?, Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, Vol.4, Issue.1, pp.86-90, 2011.

  Citation
  A. Gandhimathi, R.T. Karunakaran, A. Elakkina kumaran, S. Prabahar, R. Sathyalakshmi, "Growth and Characterization Studies of an Organic Nonlinear Optical Crystal - Oxalic Acid Dihydrate," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.54-59, 2020