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• Open Access   Article

  Taxonomic and Phylogenetic study of Termitomyces entolomoides in western Assam

  M. Rava, R. Ali, S. Das

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.84-88, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.8488

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  Termitomyces genus is paleotropical in nature and is known for its obligate symbiotic association with termites belonging to Macrotermitinae. The Termitomyces sample was collected during the monsoon and post monsoon period (April-October). The basidiocarp was oven dried and used for the macro-morphological and micro-morphological studies. Identification of fungi using morphological characters is very complicated and error prone. Furthermore, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region 1, 5.8S rRNA gene and ITS 2 region was amplified using ITS 1 and ITS 4 primer pairs. The amplicon of ~600 bps was sequenced and subjected to Phylogenetic analysis in MEGA X sowftware package. Newly obtained sequence and 19 sequences of Termitomyces from NCBI GenBank were aligned using MAFFT. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using Maximum Likelihood method with bootstrap values of ≤ 70 %. The morphological characters and molecular data indicate the studied sample as Termitomyces entolomoides. Phylogenetic relationship of the studied species with 19 Asian Termitomyces species obtained from NCBI GenBank is established and is clearly monophyletic.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Termitomyces, identification, ITS region, molecular phylogeny

  References
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  Citation
  M. Rava, R. Ali, S. Das, "Taxonomic and Phylogenetic study of Termitomyces entolomoides in western Assam," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.84-88, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Efficiency of Earthworm, Eudrilus Eugeniae (Kinberg, 1867) in The Conversion if Orange Peel (Citrus Sinensis) Waste Mixed with Diclofenac Into Compost

  G. Ravi, K. Kalaivanan, S. Durairaj, M.K. Ramesh and G. Selladurai

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.89-96, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.8996

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  Abstract
  The efficiency of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae was studied in the present work where the earthworm was subjected to the conversion of Orange peel waste mixed with diclofenac into compost in the form of micro and macro minerals on 15th and 30th days. Micro and Macro nutrients such as N, P, K and Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu were analyzed in the Orange peel waste and mixed with diclofenac along with control. Similarly physical characteristics were also analyzed to understand the efficiency of earthworm in maintaining the physical status of the soil. The analysis revealed that the P and Fe were increased significantly on 15th and 30th days where as the Physical property i.e., EC was increased only in the orange peel waste conversion where as in the diclofenac contaminated waste, the EC was stable in the present study. The pH was slightly increased on 15th and stable on 30th day. FTIR Study was undertaken to identity the chemical group present in the control and experiment. Histological changes were compared with that of experiment and the efficiency of the earthworm has been understood in the present work within a short period of 15th to 30th days.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  vermicompost, FTIR, Eudrilu eugniae, Orange peel waste, Macro and micro Nutrients, histological studies

  References
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  Citation
  G. Ravi, K. Kalaivanan, S. Durairaj, M.K. Ramesh and G. Selladurai, "Efficiency of Earthworm, Eudrilus Eugeniae (Kinberg, 1867) in The Conversion if Orange Peel (Citrus Sinensis) Waste Mixed with Diclofenac Into Compost," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.89-96, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Diversity of Lichens along Elevational Gradients in Forest Ranges of Chamarajanagar District, Karnataka State

  S. Rashmi, H. G. Rajkumar

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.97-104, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.97104

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  Abstract
  The lichen species richness in Chamarajanagar district in Karnataka, India were assessed using altitudinal gradient, in order to compare distribution patterns of different growth forms, dominant families and diversity index. Four major forest ranges, Biligiriranga Hills, Himavad Gopalaswamy Hills, Malay Mahadeshwara Hills, and Shivanasamudra Falls were surveyed and a total of 97 lichens, belonging to 47 genera and 25 families were recorded. Physciaceae was found to be dominant family by 18 species under 8 genera, followed by Parmeliaceae with 16 species under 4 genera. Crustose type was dominated with 51%, followed by foliose type with 38%. Malay Mahadeshwara hills had highest lichen species richness and harboured 67 species, of which, 36 species were crustose type and 28 species were foliose type. Shannon-weiner index ranged from 3.85- 2.45 and Simpson index of diversity ranged from 0.02-0.09. Luxuriant growth of lichens was recorded at the altitude of mid elevation with degree of abundance, density, frequency and distribution of the lichen species compared to other elevation. The present study provided baseline data of lichen diversity, which helps in understanding the relationship between distribution of lichen species along different elevation bands and vegetation types.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Biodiversity, Deciduous forest, Physciaceae, Corticolous, MM Hills

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  Citation
  S. Rashmi, H. G. Rajkumar, "Diversity of Lichens along Elevational Gradients in Forest Ranges of Chamarajanagar District, Karnataka State," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.97-104, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Characterization and fungistatic activity of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract mediated phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles

  Thejesh Kumar M. P. and Rajkumar H. Garampalli

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.105-111, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.105111

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  Abstract
  In the present study silver nanoparticles were synthesized through green approach using leaf extract of Eucalyptus globules and confirmed by change in colour of reaction mixture, the peak obtained at 425nm in UV-visible spectroscopic study and characterized by XRD, DLS, SEM, EDAX and FTIR for their structure, size, shape and possible biomolecules responsible for the reduction of silver ion to silver nanoparticles. XRD spectrum confirmed the particles were face centered cubic in nature with an average particle size of 25nm which is in agreement with DLS data (25.31nm). SEM images of nanoparticles revealed the spherical shape of particles and the Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) confirmed the significant presence of elemental silver. Synthesized silver nanoparticle showed good fungicidal activity against Didymella bryoniae, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus and Rhizoctonia solani.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Fungistatic, activity, Phytosynthesis, Silver nanoparticles, Eucalyptus globulus

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  Citation
  Thejesh Kumar M. P. and Rajkumar H. Garampalli, "Characterization and fungistatic activity of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract mediated phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.105-111, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Rhizobacterial isolates of Capsicum chinense inhibited fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani

  Phazna Devi T.A., Dinabandhu Sahoo, Indira Devi S., Kalita M.C., Aravind Setti

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.112-117, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.112117

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  Abstract
  Umorok (Capsicum chinense) is a commercially important chilli plant of Northeastern India. To improve the overall growth and health of the plant we explore the rhizosphere bacteria associated with the plant through serial dilution and pure culture method from three different growth stages juvenile, flowering and fruiting stage. The isolated rhizobacteria were then screened for their biocontrol enzyme activities like cellulose, protease and chitinase, and the potential isolates were molecular characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The identified microorganism were then studied for its antagonism assay against the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani using dual culture method. The isolates which showed the highest antagonism were selected and treated with the pathogen infected Umorok plant and measured the growth indicating traits in the greenhouse experiment. During the molecular characterization of the rhizobacteria, 127 novel strains were identified. Five bacterial phyla were observed in the three growth stages, and gammaproteobacteria were predominantly present among them. Seven potential rhizobacteria were selected from the diverse list of rhizobacteria showing the biocontrol and antagonism assays. Umorok was infected with plant pathogen R. solani and treated with the selected rhizobacteria to measure the plant growth. The findings confirmed that Lysobacter enzymogenesis competitively inhibited the R. solani and significantly improved the shoot and root system.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Rhizobacteria, Umorok, Antagonism, Molecular characterization, Rhizoctonia solani

  References
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  Citation
  Phazna Devi T.A., Dinabandhu Sahoo, Indira Devi S., Kalita M.C., Aravind Setti, "Rhizobacterial isolates of Capsicum chinense inhibited fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.112-117, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Application of Immobilized Glucose Oxidase in Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Cotton Bleaching – An Ecofriendly Approach and Greener Alternative

  G. Kalyani, E. Jananiniveda, S. Koushika, E.M. Rajesh

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.118-124, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.118124

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  Abstract
  Cotton, a natural textile fiber that naturally exists with impurities and yellowish color until bleaching that imparts whiteness to the fabrics. In this current research, iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and immobilized with microbially produced glucose oxidase which visualized by scanning electron microscope showed 62 and 112 nm respectively. Conventional and bio-bleaching of desized fabrics was done efficiently. Weight loss and water absorbency results of bio-bleached fabrics had shown higher effect than conventional whereas vice-versa in tensile strength. To ensure the quality of bleaching, whiteness index was performed and showed 65.21, 67.14 and 69.12 that corresponds for conventional and bio-bleached fabrics. Recyclability of immobilized glucose oxidase enzyme was showed better usage for 2 cycles which were enclosed by the comparison of whiteness index. Hence, we conclude that immobilized enzymatic bleaching showed significance which lacks in control and free enzyme treated fabrics.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Bleaching, Glucose oxidase, Iron oxide nanoparticles, Whiteness index, Recyclability

  References
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  Citation
  G. Kalyani, E. Jananiniveda, S. Koushika, E.M. Rajesh, "Application of Immobilized Glucose Oxidase in Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Cotton Bleaching – An Ecofriendly Approach and Greener Alternative," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.118-124, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Biochemical Composition in Edible Tissues of Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) from Nagapattinam Coast, Tamil Nadu, India

  Thilakavathi Arunagiri, Arjun Pandian, Samiraj Ramesh

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.125-127, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.125127

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  Abstract
  The present study was undertaken to analyze the biochemical composition in relation to season, sex, and size groups in edible tissues of E. malabaricus in Nagapattinam coast, Tamil Nadu, India. Seasonal variations in moisture content ranged between 72.35 and 79.13%, crude protein (68.22 and 73.25%), carbohydrate (2.12 and 5.23%), crude lipid (4.33 and 7.66%) and ash content (5.25 and 8.64%) in all the size groups of both sexes. Among the size groups in both sexes, maximum carbohydrate level was recorded during postmonsoon (50-60 cm: female-5.38%) and minimum during summer (30-40 cm: male-2.85%). Low protein content was noticed in larger size groups and high values in smaller size groups. Most of the size groups in females showed higher protein content than males during all the seasons. The crude protein contents in muscle tissues of the presently studied finfishes showed a relationship with spawning season. High protein levels were observed in muscle during post and pre spawning months and low values during spawning season.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Biochemical composition, E. malabaricus, protein, carbohydrate, lipid

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  Citation
  Thilakavathi Arunagiri, Arjun Pandian, Samiraj Ramesh, "Biochemical Composition in Edible Tissues of Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) from Nagapattinam Coast, Tamil Nadu, India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.125-127, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Mode of p38 and Nf-kβ Signalling Pathway on Induction of Apoptosis in Response to Flavonoids of Aloe Vera in Glioblastoma

  Ashok Kumar, Anupama Mahajan, Zarina Begum

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.128-134, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.128134

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  Abstract
  The phytochemical, Flavonoid has been shown apoptosis by numerous studies of cancer cell lines. Here, we have investigated the role of flavonoids of Aloe vera in regulation of apoptosis through p38 and Nf-kβ gene against human glioma-U87MG cells in vitro. The potential invasion of flavonoid on human glioma-U-87MG cells was examined by MTT assay and DNA fragmentation assay and expression of p38 and Nf-kβ gene was analysed by RT-PCR. Flavonoids significantly suppressed the apoptosis with IC50 113.29±0.5µg/ml and confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay. The results suggest that flavonoids induce apoptosis with decreased expression of p38 and Nf-kβ gene and protein analysis with SDS-PAGE. Assessments of cell viability represent that U-87MG cells were very sensitive to flavonoids and indicating DNA and protein synthesis delayed. In conclusion, flavonoids of Aloe showed inhibitory effect on Glioblastoma a brain tumor cells by apoptosis through regulation of p38 and Nf-kβ pathway at transcription and post –transcription level.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Glioblastoma, Aloe vera, Flavonoids, p38, Nf-kβ, U-87MG cell lines, RT-PCR, SDS-PAGE.

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  Citation
  Ashok Kumar, Anupama Mahajan, Zarina Begum, "Mode of p38 and Nf-kβ Signalling Pathway on Induction of Apoptosis in Response to Flavonoids of Aloe Vera in Glioblastoma," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.128-134, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Adverse Effect of Industrial Pollution on the Reproductive Outcome of Couples Living in and Around Bollarum and Patancheru Industrial Area

  S.Tirumalaraju, C. Lakkaraju , J. Puppala, D.M. Kulathil, V. Baluka, C. Prashanth, P.P. Reddy

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.135-140, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.135140

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  Abstract
  The effects of prolonged exposure to industrial pollutants and their spread in the environment results in development of diseases. Industrial pollutants can kill animals and plants, imbalance ecosystems and degrade man’s quality of life. Factory workers and people living near the areas with uncontrolled industrial pollution are especially vulnerable to health problems. Bollarum and Patancheru is one of the most important industrial areas in Hyderabad city of Telangana state. The present research aims to provide a further understanding about the adverse effects of industrial pollution on the reproductive outcome in couples who are living in and around this industrial area. Reproductive performance of 350 couples of this industrial area and 350 couples living away from the industrial area was studied. The frequencies of abortions, congenital malformations, still births, premature births and neonatal deaths were estimated. The analysis of the data showed an increase in the frequency of abortions, neonatal deaths, still births, congenital malformations, premature births and a decrease in the live births in the couples of industrial area compared to controls. The fertility rate of couples living in industrial areas also decreased in the controls in comparison in couples of industrial area. The adverse reproductive outcome of couples might be due to undue exposure to the industrial pollution. In order to reduce the effects of the Industrial pollution on man, the industries should take necessary action to treat industrial waste or gases before they are let in to the environment.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Industrial Pollution, Reproductive outcome, Neonatal deaths, congenital malformations

  References
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  Citation
  S.Tirumalaraju, C. Lakkaraju , J. Puppala, D.M. Kulathil, V. Baluka, C. Prashanth, P.P. Reddy, "Adverse Effect of Industrial Pollution on the Reproductive Outcome of Couples Living in and Around Bollarum and Patancheru Industrial Area," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.135-140, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Management of GERD, Obesity and PCOS Leading to Successful Conception Using the ‘Integrated Approach’

  A. Mukerjee

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.141-144, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.141144

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  Abstract
  The purpose of this case study was to determine the effect of an Integrated Approach that included patient-specific nutritional therapy, Ayurveda and lifestyle modifications, on body weight and symptoms associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a clinical condition common among women, characterized by menstrual irregularities, high androgen levels and cysts in one or both ovaries. It is also associated with metabolic disruptions such as insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Additionally, corpulence and obesity are concomitants that lead to exacerbation of symptoms in 50% of PCOS cases. The subject of this case study was a 32-year-old pre-obese female with a clinical history of PCOS, associated infertility, hypothyroidism, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and mild hair fall. She complained of low energy levels and high levels of stress and anxiety. During the 12-week treatment, the patient achieved weight loss, improved energy levels, relief from GERD, reduced anxiety and successful conception.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Integrated approach, PCOS, GERD, conception

  References
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  Citation
  A. Mukerjee, "Management of GERD, Obesity and PCOS Leading to Successful Conception Using the ‘Integrated Approach’," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.141-144, 2019