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• Open Access   Article

  Screening of Ethnic Indian Fermented Foods for Effective Phytase Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria for Application in Dephytinization of Phytate Rich Foods

  Neha Sharma, Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi, Naveen Gupta

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.1-7, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.17

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  Abstract
  Dephytinization of phytate rich foods is required to increase their nutritional quality. Phytase producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are of special interest as this group of organisms are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) for human consumption, moreover they have an added characteristic of acting as probiotics. Despite being highly advantageous very few reports are there on LAB producing phytase with desired characteristics. In present study ethnic fermented foods from various regions of India were analyzed for phytase producing LAB. Seventeen strains of LAB were isolated from various fermented foods. Out of which seven isolates showed the ability to produce phytase. Detailed analysis confirmed all the isolates to have characteristics typical to that of LAB. Some of the LAB isolates (KA1, SA2, SM1) showed the ability to produce phytase effectively. All the isolates hydrolysed phytate in soy milk and rice bran therefore they can be good candidates for their application in the processing of phytate rich foods.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Fermented food, Lactic acid bacteria, Nutrient deficiency, Phytase, Phytate

  References
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  Citation
  Neha Sharma, Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi, Naveen Gupta, "Screening of Ethnic Indian Fermented Foods for Effective Phytase Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria for Application in Dephytinization of Phytate Rich Foods," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.1-7, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Acute toxicity and ethological responses of oligochaete worm Tubifex tubifex (Muller) exposed to a cationic surfactant Cetylpyridinium chloride

  Ritwick Bhattacharya, Arnab Chatterjee, Nimai Chandra Saha

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.8-14, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.814

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  Abstract
  Cetylpyridinium chloride is a quaternary cationic surfactant which exhibit broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. The present study was conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity of Cetylpyridinium chloride to a benthic oligochaete worm Tubifex tubifex in terms of LC50 and behavioral responses. All experiments were conducted, in a static bioassay system, using increasing concentrations of Cetylpyridinium chloride for 96 h duration. The LC50 values associated with 95% lower and upper confidence limits for the surfactant were determined statistically using Finney’s Probit Analysis Method developed by EPA and were found to be 0.330 (0.305-0.357) ppm, 0.305 (0.280-0.332) ppm, 0.225 (0.204-0.248) ppm and 0.213 (0.190-0.240) ppm at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours exposure respectively. The results of regression analysis indicated that the mortality rate varied significantly (p<0.05) with the increasing concentrations of surfactant. In addition, the aquatic worm exhibited abnormal behavioral responses like hyperactivity, decreased clumping tendency, increased mucous secretion and wrinkling effect on increasing concentrations of toxicant and period of exposure. Thus, these findings can be used as a potential tool for creating awareness among people to limit the misuse of household products containing surfactants.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Acute toxicity, Cetylpyridinium chloride, Tubifex tubifex, behavioral response

  References
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  Citation
  Ritwick Bhattacharya, Arnab Chatterjee, Nimai Chandra Saha, "Acute toxicity and ethological responses of oligochaete worm Tubifex tubifex (Muller) exposed to a cationic surfactant Cetylpyridinium chloride," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.8-14, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Spatio-Temporal Variations in Mangrove Vegetation in conjunction with Related Environmental Factors in Pichavaram (India): 1996-2016

  Kripa M K, Ashwini Mudaliar, Nikhil Lele, Archana U Mankad, T V R Murthy

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.15-25, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.1525

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  Abstract
  The major objective of the study is to explore the inter-annual vegetation changes of Pichavaram mangroves over two decades (from 1996 to 2016). The study mainly focuses on the summer and onset monsoon season, where the variability in vegetation is easily noticed. Vegetation indices like Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) were estimated from the remotely sensed data of Landsat imagery. A comprehensive evaluation of the relationship among the vegetation indices reveals that there is an increase in the area occupied by the mangroves throughout the years. Correspondingly, the area under the mangrove cover have also faced an increase in the surface temperature, but much lesser when compared to the adjacent areas. According to the results obtained, NDVI, LSWI, LST, can be used to understand the status of mangrove vegetation with increase and decrease of temperature and water. It is found that the correlation among the remotely sensed indices depend on the season of the year. The summer season in general exhibited higher negative correlation with NDVI and LST and also between LST and LSWI than the onset monsoon season. It is also apparent that with the passing of years, the correlations among the indices are also found to be increasing. Thus in the global scenario of variable climate change, it is important to monitor the seasonal changes in vegetation, especially mangroves, for their effective conservation.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Remote sensing; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; Land Surface Water Index; Land Surface Temperature, Mangroves

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  Citation
  Kripa M K, Ashwini Mudaliar, Nikhil Lele, Archana U Mankad, T V R Murthy, "Spatio-Temporal Variations in Mangrove Vegetation in conjunction with Related Environmental Factors in Pichavaram (India): 1996-2016," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.15-25, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  A Study on Diversity and Habitat Characterisation of Odonata at Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary, India

  Kalavanti Mokaria, Bharat Jethva

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.26-34, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.2634

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  Abstract
  A study was carried out in Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary to assess habitat characteristics preferred by Odonates (Dragonflies and Damselflies) in Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary (Ramsar Site), Gujarat. The entire study area was stratified into 6 different habitat type. Transects Survey was carried out covering all habitats. Each transect was repeatedly surveyed covering all seasons. A total of 30 species of dragonflies and damselflies were encountered belonging to 5 families namely Libellulidae, Gomphidae, Aeshnidae, Coenagrionidae, and Lestidae during the entire study. The most habitat type utilized by Odonates, out of total individual encountered during survey are Habitat-Type-4 and Habitat-Type-2 and it contributes to around 64.3 % of Odonate within study area. However, most preferred habitat by Anisoptera (Dragonflies) is Habitat-Type-4. Similarly, most preferred habitat by Zygoptera (Damselflies) is Habitat-Type- 6 and Habitat-Type-2. Relative frequency (%) and relative abundance (%) of each Odonate species (Dragonflies and Damselflies) were calculated based on data collection. Relative frequency (%) of Trithemis pallidinervis was recorded highest in most of the habitats and Relative abundance (%) of Trithemis pallidinervis highest in Habitat-Type-3 compared other species within habitat irrespective of seasonality. However, Pantala flavescens were recorded maximum in the majority of habitat due to its monsoon season migratory behaviour.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Damselfly, Diversity, Dragonfly, Habitat, Habitat Characterisation, Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary, Odonata

  References
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  Citation
  Kalavanti Mokaria, Bharat Jethva, "A Study on Diversity and Habitat Characterisation of Odonata at Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary, India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.26-34, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Zinc oxide (ZnO) induced toxicity and behavioural changes to oligochaete worm Tubifex tubifex (Muller)

  Arnab Chatterjee, Ritwick Bhattacharya, Nimai Chandra Saha

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.35-42, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.3542

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  Abstract
  Zinc is among the important trace element of the body by participating in several biological processes. But it shows toxicity after a certain concentration. Zinc oxide (ZnO), a hazardous heavy metal, is frequently used in both bulk and nanoparticle format in industrial and household purposes throughout India. In the present study the 24, 48, 72 and 96h LC50 values of ZnO was monitored to benthic oligochaete worm Tubifex tubifex (Muller) through Finney’s probit analysis method. Different abnormal behavioural changes in the worm were also recorded during the exposure period. The 24, 48, 72 and 96h LC50 values of Zinc oxide (ZnO) to Tubifex tubifex was obtained as 30.88, 24.15, 19.95 and 11.15 mg/l respectively. The mortality rate of Tubifex tubifex varied significantly (p<0.05) with a dose and time dependent manner (24, 48, 72 and 96 h). The exposed worm showed several erratic behaviors with the gradually increasing concentrations of the metal and with the progress of time of exposure. The safe concentration of this metal was ranged between 0.0001115 -1.11 mg/l. Based on 96h LC50 value the Maximum allowable concentration (MAC), no observable effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) of Zinc oxide to Tubifex tubifex were 1.11, 1.3 and 2.1 mg/l respectively. The present study will be useful in determination of the safe dose of the toxicant before its disposal to the environment.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Zinc, Acute toxicity, LC50, Tubifex tubifex, behavioural response

  References
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  Citation
  Arnab Chatterjee, Ritwick Bhattacharya, Nimai Chandra Saha, "Zinc oxide (ZnO) induced toxicity and behavioural changes to oligochaete worm Tubifex tubifex (Muller)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.35-42, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Management of Varicose Vein by Hirudotherapy

  Arsheed Iqbal, Haider Ali Quraishi, Huma, Arjumad Shah, Adil Rashid, Raheem A

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.43-49, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.4349

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  Abstract
  Varicose veins are veins that have become enlarged and twisted and are commonly found in legs. The calf muscles of the leg pumps. The venous blood back to the heart against the gravity. When the veins become varicose the valves do not function properly as the blood flows backwards and the veins engorge. The varicose veins are most common in the superficial veins of legs and due to high pressure while standing the veins engorging and ulceration can occur. Only ten percent of the venous blood in the legs is returned back by superficial veins, hence the surgical removal can be opted for superficial varicose veins. Other modalities of treatment included sclerotherapy, elastic stockings, leg elevation, exercise, radiofrequency ablation, endovascular laser treatment etc. In this study Hirudotherapy has been done at Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Srinagar for the treatment of varicose vein and has been observed that leech relieves the symptoms of the varicosity by reducing the engorgements of the superficial leg veins and also improve the venous valvular functioning and thus helps to push the blood normally without regurgitation.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Hirudotherapy, Leech, Varicosevein, Doppler, Regurgitation

  References
  [1]. Tibbs DJ. Varicose veins and related disorders. Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992.First edition 25-26.
  [2]. Pavan Prasad BK, Prem Kumar A. Clinical Study of varicose veins and their management. International Journal Biomed Advance Res. 2015; 6(08):564-8
  [3]. Itrat M, Zarnigar, Haque N. Historical Aspect of Leech Therapy: A Critical Review. International Journal of Health Science and Research. 2013; 3(7):78-83.
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  Citation
  Arsheed Iqbal, Haider Ali Quraishi, Huma, Arjumad Shah, Adil Rashid, Raheem A, "Management of Varicose Vein by Hirudotherapy," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.43-49, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Production and optimization of Polyhydroxybutyrate and its application in bioplastic production

  S.A. Kate, D.R. Hire, N.M. Pawar

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.50-58, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.5058

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  Abstract
  Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a natural biopolymer by wide range of microbes which is a storage granule used by microbes as an energy as well as carbon source. PHB exhibit stiffness, brittle to rubber like, biodegradable, environment friendly properties. In present work isolates was produced Polyhydroxybutyrate by using Nitrogen deficient medium and modified LB medium with glucose as carbon source. Maximum production was observed in Modified LB medium as compared to nitrogen deficient medium. Extraction of bacterial PHB was done by sodium hypochlorite method; selected bacteria produced 2.10g/L PHB .Confirmation of PHB molecule was by FTIR & TLC. Extracted bacterial PHB was capable to produce biodegradable plastic which shows water tolerance activity. PHB production was found to be maximum at optimum pH 7.5, 37°C, 3% inoculums percentage and glucose concentration 20g/L.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  PHB, Nitrogen deficient medium, Modified LB medium, FTIR, TLC, Biodegradable plastic

  References
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  [9]. Anteneh Getachew and Fantahun Woldesenbet “Production of biodegradable plastic by Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) accumulating bacteria using low cost agricultural waste material.” Getachew and Woldesendet BMC Res Notes, Vol. 9, pp. 501-509, 2016.
  [10]. Xiao-Ran Jiang, Huan Wang, Guo-Qiang Chen, “Engineering the bacterial shapes for enhanced inclusion bodies accumulation” Metabolic Engineering, Vol. 29, pp. 227-237, 2015.
  [11]. Gulab Singh, Anish Kumari, Aparna Mittal, Anita Yadav & Neeraj k. Aggarwal, “Poly β-Hydroxybutyrate Production by Bacillus subtilis NG 220 Using Sugar Industry Waste Water.” Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Biomaterials, Vol. 2013, 952641, pp. 1-10, 2013.
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  [14]. Prayashree Bahalia, “Estimation of Kinetic Parameters for Production of PHB”.
  [15]. Wala’a Shawkat Ali, Neihaya Heikmat Zaki and Somaya Yassen Najim Obiad “Production of bioplastic by bacteria isolated from local soil and organic wastes.” Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5, Issue., 2, pp. 1012-1017, 2017.
  

  Citation
  S.A. Kate, D.R. Hire, N.M. Pawar, "Production and optimization of Polyhydroxybutyrate and its application in bioplastic production," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.50-58, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Isolation and Screening of Chlorella Sorokiniana for Wastewater Treatment and Biodiesel Production

  Manjunatha S.S, S.T. Girisha

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.59-67, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.5967

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  Abstract
  Abstract- Microalgae grown on wastewater are a probable source of low cost wastewater treatment and biodiesel production. In the study, microalgae was enumerated and identified as Chlorella sorokiniana by 18S rDNA sequence which was cultivated in different wastewater for nutrient removal as well as biodiesel production were studied. The results reveal that the pH of different wastewater samples almost neutralized by microalgae, the total dissolved solids elimination ranging from 52 to 66%, the biological oxygen demand removal efficiency varied much among different wastewaters the removal rate is of 72 to 90%, the chemical oxygen demand removal ranges from 59 to 75%. The magnesium level was decreased and efficiency is about 36 to 60%, the sulphates absorption efficiency was ranging from 57 to 68% and the chloride removal efficiency was 13 to 33%. The lipid content was obtained from the algal biomass which are grown in different wastewater samples was transesterified for biodiesel production, the biodiesel was analyzed by FTIR which meets the ASTM and EU standards, hence from the current study it is evident that Chlorella sorokiniana can be effectively used for potential source for phycoremediation and biodiesel production.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Chlorella sorokiniana, Wastewater, Biomass, Lipid, Transesterification, Biodiesel

  References
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  Citation
  Manjunatha S.S, S.T. Girisha, "Isolation and Screening of Chlorella Sorokiniana for Wastewater Treatment and Biodiesel Production," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.59-67, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  The Pharmacognostic Study of Leaves of Caesalpinia crista (Linn.) and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.)

  Radhika Rani, Tahira Begum

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.68-73, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.6873

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  Abstract
  Medicinal plants Caesalpinia crista (Linn.) and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) belongs to the family Fabaceae. Parts (root, stem, leaves and seeds) of both the plant species have been used in different systems of traditional medication of human ailments. Both species contains various bioactive components which have been used as anti-asthmatic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial etc. The present paper attempts to evaluate the pharmacognostic characteristics in terms of macro and micro-morphological characters, and quantitative profiles of the leaves of C. crista and L. leucocephala. Pharmacognostic parameters of the leaves will assist in identification, authentication, and standardization for quality, purity and control adulteration of the crude drug.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Macroscopy, Microscopy, Organoleptic Parameters, Quantitative Determination

  References
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  Citation
  Radhika Rani, Tahira Begum, "The Pharmacognostic Study of Leaves of Caesalpinia crista (Linn.) and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.68-73, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  In-vitro ACE inhibitor, Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxicity study of Salvia (Chia) and Ocimum (Basil) Seeds

  Nidhi Patel, Anjali Soni, Preeti Sharma

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.74-80, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.7480

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  Abstract
  Chia seeds from Salvia hispanica and Basil seeds from Ocimum basilicum are increasingly being categorized as a novel food and have received scientific attention due to presence of high amounts of nutraceutical compounds. Recent studies demonstrate that both seeds are used as a medicine for the treatment of various kinds of diseases. Present study aims to determine their antihypertensive potential, anti-inflammatory action, and cytotoxicity. Hypertension is a major risk factor and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) is one of the major regulators of blood pressure. Inflammation is response of body to an injury or infection. Drugs which are used as ACE inhibitors and anti-inflammatory possess undesirable side effects, while natural inhibitors have no side effects and are potential nutraceutical. In vitro assays were used to determine ACE inhibition and anti-inflammatory activity. The cytotoxicity assay for crude extract of defatted chia and basil seeds was done on human histiocytic lymphoma cell line (U937) by MTS assay. ACE inhibition activity assay showed that ethanolic and hexane extracts of both seeds have distinct ACE inhibitory activity. Both seed extracts had shown higher activity at 150 and 50 µg/mL concentrations respectively. Results of anti-inflammatory assay showed maximum protection of HBRC (Human Red Blood Cell Membrane Stabilization Method) at 50 and 75 µg/mL concentrations for both seeds in ethanolic and methanolic extracts. MTS assay showed 73.20% and 70.85% cytotoxicity of Chia and Basil seeds at 12.50 and 50µg/mL concentrations respectively. IC50 values of Chia and Basil seeds were found to be 14.09µg/mL and 23.46µg/mL. This study provides direction for future investigation concerning detailed assessment of therapeutic potential of Chia and Basil seeds.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Antihypertension, Anti-inflammation, Cytotoxicity, Human Red Blood Cell Membrane, U-937 cell line

  References
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  Citation
  Nidhi Patel, Anjali Soni, Preeti Sharma, "In-vitro ACE inhibitor, Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxicity study of Salvia (Chia) and Ocimum (Basil) Seeds," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.74-80, 2019