Volume-5 , Issue-12 , Dec 2019, ISSN 2454-9312 (Online), 2454-6143 (Print) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Teachers’ Perception on the Significance of Entrepreneruship Education As A Tool for Youth Empowerment

  A.S. Isa

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.66-73, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  The aim of this research is to find out teachers` perceptions on the significance of entrepreneurship education as a tool for youth empowerment. It also examines it impact in motivating students to be self-reliance, as well as factors affecting the teaching and learning entrepreneurship education in secondary schools. A descriptive survey research was employed and a simple random sampling techniques was used for selecting 100 teachers from all the teachers in both public and private schools in Gombe state. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire designed by the researcher tagged (TPEESSQ), section 1&3 were designed on a 4-points Likert scale while section 2 was designed on a 2-point scale. The reliability coefficient of 0.82 was obtained using Cronbach alpha which shows the instrument was reliable. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistic. The result shows that teachers were positive on their view on entrepreneurship education as a tool for youth empowerment and they also believed entrepreneurship education help/motivates students to be self-reliant. The teachers rated poor funding from the government, overcrowded classroom, students’ poor attitude to learning, and inadequate qualified teachers among others as the problems facing the teaching and learning of entrepreneurship education in secondary schools in Gombe state. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson correlation coefficient, which shows that there is a significant relationship between male and female teachers, as well as public and private school teachers on their view on the significance entrepreneurship education as a tool for youth empowerment in secondary schools in Gombe state. Based on the findings the following recommendations were made, that government should increase the funding of entrepreneurship education in our secondary schools, adequate and experience qualified teachers should be recruited to teach entrepreneurship education in our secondary schools, teachers that specialized in the fields.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Uneployment, Poverty, Entrepreneurship Education, Youth Empowerment

  References
  [1] U. Aja-Okorie, O. Adali, “Achieving Youth Empowerment through Repositioning Entrepreneurial Education in Nigerian Universities; problems and prospects”, European Scientific Journal, Vol. 9, No. 28, pp. 113-132, 2013.
  [2] G. K. Baba, “The Challenges of Entrepreneurship Development in Nigeria and Way Forward”, Journal of Business and Organizational Development, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 54 – 64, 2013.
  [3] S. M. Lame, W. F. Yusoff, “The Perception of Students toward Entrepreneurship Courses: An Empirical Study of Nigerian Polytechnic Students”, A Paper Presented at the 2nd International Conference on Technology Management, Business and Entrepreneurship, Mahkota Hotel Malaka Malysia 5th December, 2013.
  [4] G. O. Akpochafo, I. H. Alika, ”Perceived Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Career Development among Undergraduates in South-South Universities in Nigeria: Implication for Counselling”, Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp.102 – 108, 2018.
  [5] N. K. Uka, “Developing Entrepreneurial Skills in Secondary Schools Students through Effective Mathematics Education in Abia Nigeria”, International Journal of Education, Learning and Development, Vol. 3, No. 7, pp.1 – 11, 2015.
  [6] E. I. Ngerem, N. Ezikpe, “Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Secondary Schools Student’s Economic Development”, International Journal of Education and Evaluation, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 36 – 42, 2016.
  [7] L-R. Akudolu, “A Curriculum Framework for Entrepreneurship Education in Nigeria”, Unizik Orient Journal of Education, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 1 – 16, 2010.
  [8] O. A. Adegun, C. O. Akomolafe, “Entrepreneurship Education and Youth Empowerment in Contemporary Nigeria”, Scholarly Journal of Education, Vol. 2(5), pp. 52 – 57, 2017.
  [9] D. B. Enu, “Enhancing Entrepreneurship Education in Nigeria”, American Journal of Social Issues & Humanities, Vol. 2 (4), pp. 232–239, 2012.
  [10] T. A. Adebisi, C. S. Oni, “Assessment of Relevance of the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) Training Programs to the Needs of the Trainees in Southwestern Nigeria”, International Journal of Vocational and Technical Education, Vol. 4(3), pp. 29 – 37, 2012.
  [11] A. A. Gbemisola, C. S. Adeola, “Assessment of the New Trade/ Entrepreneurship Education in Senior Secondary Schools: Evidence from Rural and Urban Areas of Oyo State Nigeria”, British Journal of Education, Society and Behavioral Science, 5(1), pp. 50 – 60, 2015.
  [12] R.C. Okeke, B. C. Chukwudebelu, A. N. Idike, “Entrepreneurial Education and National Reconstruction in Nigeria: Critical Issue of Sustainable Development in an Emergent African Polity”, World Scientific News, 45(2), pp. 239 – 251, 2016.
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  [18] O. S. Asogwa, E. Dim, “Entrepreneurship Development and Unemployment Reduction in Nigeria”, International Journal of Business and Management Review, Vol. 4 (8), pp. 27 – 43, 2016.
  [19] A. S. Sajuyigbe, T. S. Kareem, O. Oyedele, “Entrepreneurship Education as Catalyst for Youth Empowerment: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria”, Being a paper presented at 4th Learned International Conference on Repositioning the Nigerian Economy for Socio- Economic Growth and Development, Crawford University, Igbesa, Ogun State, Nigeria. 9th – 11th June, 2016.
  [20] U. J. Nwogu, O. Owhondah, G. Aleru, “Principal’s perception of Entrepreneurship Education as a Management Strategy for Economic Security in Rivers State, Nigeria”, Journal of Economic and Sustainable Development, Vol. 4, No. 17, pp. 48 – 53, 2013.
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  [22] A. A. Adediran, T. A. Akinsanya, K.G. Adelegun, “The Perception of Teachers on the Impact of Entrepreneurship Education in Secondary Schools”, International Journal of Innovative Education Research, 3(1), pp. 14 – 22, 2015.
  [23] J. Okoro, “Lectures’ perception on the Constraints Facing the Teaching of Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges of Education in South-South Nigeria”, World Journal of Education, Vol.5, No. 3, pp. 99 – 106, 2015.
  [24] C. Nwekeaku, “Entrepreneurship Education and Challenges to Nigerian Universities”, Journal of Education and Practice, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 51 – 56, 2013.
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  Citation
  A.S. Isa, "Teachers’ Perception on the Significance of Entrepreneruship Education As A Tool for Youth Empowerment," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.66-73, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Communication as an Awareness Tool for Pulse Polio Immunization Program: A Case Study

  Aparajita Modak

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.74-78, Dec-2019

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  In the present era of information technology, communication is considered as a tool for awareness generation. Communication is very important for the social development as it provides an understanding of the social issues. The present research is based on the similar concept, i.e. how communication is used as a tool of awareness for public health related issues. This study aims to identify misconceptions related to pulse polio immunization and the role of communication as a tool of awareness. The researcher has selected Madhab Bari village in west Tripura as a case for the research and study. The main aim of this study is to find out the tools employed in the process of communication, media access and media habits among the respondents of the village, the role played by the health centers and other health workers in making the villagers of Madhab Bari Village aware about the importance of pulse polio immunization. Research methodology used in the study was mainly primary. Data were collected from the Social Welfare & the Social Education Department, Madhab Bari Gram Panchayet Office, CDPO, Supervisor, Multi Purpose Workers, Anganwadi & ASHA workers, helpers, and villagers.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Communication Tools, Awareness Generation, Pulse Polio Immunization

  References
  [1] World Health Organization (2000). Global eradication of poliomyelitis Report of the fifth meeting of the Global Technical Consultative Group for Poliomyelitis Eradication, Geneva, May 8-10.
  [2] UNICEF (2007). Reach and Recall Study of the Media Campaign for Indian Pulse Polio Immunization : A Report by Social and Rural research Institute, for UNICEF. 7-10
  [3] Westbrook, M. (2005). Polio Particles. Post-Polio Network Inc. Network News, 67, July. WHO & UNICEF (2009). Global Polio Eradication Initiative. A Report of facts by World Heath Organization and United National Children’s Emergency Fund.
  [4] World Health Assembly (1988); Global eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000. Forty-first World Health Assembly, Geneva, May 2-13.
  [5] Dutta AK, Varghese VP, Pemde HK, Mathew LG, Ortiz E. (2001) Immunogenicity and safety of a DTaP-IPV/PRP-T vaccine booster dose during the second year of life in Indian children primed with the same vaccine,7:33,112.
  [6] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication - India, January 2010-September 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2011.
  [7] Tucker AW et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of changing from live oral poliovirus vaccine to inactivated poliovirus vaccine in Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2001.
  [8] Polio eradication (2008): Surveys of routine immunization coverage and seroprevalence against polioviruses, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Wkly Epid Rec 83.
  [9] Jain PK, Dutta AK, Nangia S, Khare S, Saili A. Seroconversion (1997); Following killed polio vaccine in neonates. Indian J Pediatr.3:9.78-89

  Citation
  Aparajita Modak, "Communication as an Awareness Tool for Pulse Polio Immunization Program: A Case Study," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.74-78, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Predictive relationship between Procrastination, Work stress and Mental Wellbeing among Bank Employees of Gujranwala

  Sana Rehman, Qamar-ul-islam, Zunair Ali

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.79-85, Dec-2019

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  The mental health problems among bank employees are very crucial throughout the world. In particular, the bank employees of Pakistan experience substantial mental health issues. As bank employees encounter high work demands that cause procrastination, that leads to work stress as well as mental health issues among bank employees. Therefore the current study aims to investigate the predictive relationship between Procrastination, Work Stress, and Mental Well-being among Bank Employees. The present study was a cross-section research design followed the convenient sampling technique to select a sample size of 350 bank employees. The Measures GWS (Gideon, Bruin & Nicola, 2005) PAWS, (Metin, Taris, and Peeters, 2015), and WEMWB Scale (2006) were used in the current study. The data obtained from questionnaires were analyzed by the use of the SPSS 21 version. The output of the present research revealed the positive correlation between procrastination and work stress. In contrast, mental well-being found to be negatively associated with procrastination and work stress. The results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that the Soldiering and Cyber-slacking were found to be the negative predictors of mental well-being among bank employees. No significant mean difference has been found in demographic variables except soldiering in age. The study would help the management employees, other supportive representatives, and psychologists to understand that how procrastination and work

  Key-Words / Index Term
  General Work Stress, Procrastination, Mental Well-Being, Bank Employees

  References
  [1] Abdullah, M. Q. (2017). Procrastination and its Relationship with Mental Health among Children and Adolescents. Psychological and Behavioral Sciences. 4(5),10-14 DOI: 10.19080/PBSIJ.2017.5.555649.
  [2] Beheshtifar, M., Hoseinifar, H., Moghadam, M. H. (2011). Effect Procrastination on Work-Related Stress. European Journal of Economics,Finance and Administrative Sciences, 38(4), 1450-2275
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  [4] Beheshtifar, M., Moghadam, M. N., & Hossenifar, H. (2014). The Survey of Relationship between Employees’ Procrastination and Their Job Stress. Applied Mathematics in Engineering, Management and Technology, 2(2), 9-17.
  [5] Carolan, S., Harris, P. R., & Cavanagh, K. (2017). Improving Employee Well-Being and Effectiveness: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Web-Based Psychological Interventions Delivered in the Workplace. Journal of medical Internet research, 19(7), e271. doi:10.2196/jmir.7583
  [6] Clemente, M., Hezomi, H., Allahverdipour, H., Jafarabadi, M. A., &Safaian, A. (2016). Stress and Psychological Well-being: An Explanatory Study of the Iranian Female Adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Behavior.
  [7] Chu, A. H., and Choi, J. N. (2005). Rethinking procrastination: positive effects of "active" procrastination behavior on attitudes and performance. J Soc Psychol., 145(3):245-64. DOI:10.3200/SOCP.145.3.245-264.
  [8] DeArmond, S., Matthews, R. A., & Bunk, J. (2014). Workload and procrastination: Theories of psychological detachment and fatigue. International Journal of Stress Management, 21, 137–161. doi:10.1037/a0034893
  [9] Ferrari, J. R., (2010). Still procrastinating? The no regrets guide to getting it done. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  [10] Henson, A. (2014). The success of nontraditional college students in an IT world. Research In Higher Education Journal, 25, 1-19.
  [11] Klingsieck, K. B. (2013). Procrastination in different life-domains: Is procrastination domainspecific? Current Psychology, 32, 175–185. doi:10.1007/s12144-013-9171-8
  [12] Lu, C., Wang, H., Lu, J., Du, D., & Bakker, A. B. (2014). Does work engagement increaseperson–job fit? The role of job crafting and job insecurity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84, 142–152. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2013.12.004
  [13] Maulik P. K. (2017). Workplace stress: A neglected aspect of mental health wellbeing. The Indian journal of medical research, 146(4), 441–444. doi:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1298_17
  [14] Metin, U. B., Taris, T. W., & Peeters, M. C. W. (2016). Measuring procrastination at work and its associated workplace aspects. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 254–263.doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.006
  [15] Metin, U. B., Taris, T. W., Peeters, M. C. W., van Beek, I., & Van den Bosch, R. (2016). Authenticity at work – A job-demands resources perspective. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31, 483–499. doi:10.1108/jmp-03-2014-0087
  [16] Özer, B., O`Callaghan, J., Bokszczanin, A., Ederer, E., & Essau, C. (2014). Dynamic interplay of depression, perfectionism and self-regulation on procrastination. British Journal Of Guidance & Counselling, 42(3), 309-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2014.896454
  [17] Mohsin, F. Z., &Ayub, N. (2014). The relationship between procrastination, delay of gratification, and job satisfaction among high school teachers. Japanese Psychological Research, 56(3), 224-234.
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  [24] Shokeen, A. (2018). Procrastination, Stress and Academic Achievement among the B. Ed. Students. Educational Quest, 9(1), 125-129.
  [25] Stead, R., Shanahan, M. J., & Neufeld, R. W. (2010). “I’ll go to therapy, eventually”: Procrastination, stress and mental health. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(3), 175-180.
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  Citation
  Sana Rehman, Qamar-ul-islam, Zunair Ali, "Predictive relationship between Procrastination, Work stress and Mental Wellbeing among Bank Employees of Gujranwala," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.79-85, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Design and Fabrication of Robotic Landmine Defuse

  A. Somaiah, A. Anudeep Kumar, VVSH Prasad

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.86-89, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  This Wirelessly controlled Pick and Place land rover mounted with metal detecting sensors to generate alarms on sensing planted land mine. The movement is wirelessly controlled by a hand held RF transmitter. RF receiver is mounted on the land rover. The main aim of this project is to remotely control the robot primarily using the RF mode with an encoder duly interfaced to a microcontroller. The RF (Radio Frequency) remote control has the advantage of adequate range (up to 200 meters with proper antenna) besides being Omni directional. The receiver uses a decoder and a controlled duly interfaced to the microcontroller that drives the DC motors through driver IC. This robot is a command and control robot. It takes commands from the user in the form of control signals and performs the required action. The central idea of this robot is to provide a line of defence to the bomb disposal squad against the life threatening risk faced by them in the event of an explosion. It provides the squad a safe distance to dispose of a bomb, which one has to normally do with bare hands. It can also be used for many other applications based on manufacturing and fabricating industries just by changing the end part of the arm.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Radio Frequency (RF) transmitter, RF receiver, DC motors, land rover, Pick and Place

  References
  [1] Habib, M. K. “Humanitarian Demining: Reality and the Challenge of Technology -The State of the Arts”, International Journal of Advanced Robotics Systems , Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 151-172, 2007.
  [2] J. Ishikawa, K. Furuta, and N. Pavkovic, “Test and evaluation of Japanese GPR-EMI dual sensor systems at the Benkovac test site in Croatia, in Anti-Personnel Landmine Detection for Humanitarian Demining”, K. Furuta and J. Ishikawa, Eds., pp. 63–81, Springer, London, UK, 2009.
  [3] J. Prado, G. Cabrita, and L. Marques, “Bayesian sensor fusion for land-mine detection using a dual-sensor hand-held device”, in Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON `13), pp. 3887–3892, November 2013.
  [4] A Somaiah, K. Viswanath Allamraju, G.Sarat Raju and BLN Krishna Sai, “Study of Innovative Regenerative Brake For Automobiles”, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(8), pp. 20–25, 2017.
  [5] V. Sreedhar, G.Ravi Chandra, T.N.Ravi Kanth and A.Somaiah, “Experimental Investigation on Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Using Segmental and Disc-Doughnut Type Baffles”, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology 8(12), pp. 975–984, 2017.
  [6] G. Goldberg and M. Matari´c “Interference as a Tool for Designing and Evaluating Multirobot Controllers”, In Procs of the 14th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-97), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, pp. 637–642, 1997.
  [7] Lorena Cardona , Jovani Jiménez , Nelson Vanegas “Landmine Detection Technologies to face the demining problem in Antioquia”, Dyna, year 81, no. 183, pp. 115-125. Medellin, February, 2014.

  Citation
  A. Somaiah, A. Anudeep Kumar, VVSH Prasad, "Design and Fabrication of Robotic Landmine Defuse," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.86-89, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Optimizing Upstream Costs through Improved Capital Expenditure and Operating Expenditure Discipline

  Muhammad Usman, Aliyu Abba, Bishir Balarabe

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.90-94, Dec-2019

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  Oil and Gas industry is one of the vital industries in the world, largely because of its strategic role in every economy and the world, at large. Some firms in the industry engage in exploration and production of crude oil which is called upstream activity. The paper aims to review structured and effective cost management discipline; improving operational efficiency in field development planning in an era of low oil prices; hydrocarbon management and accounting maturity; the impact of lower oil prices on supply-demand balance and the resulting outlook for onshore and offshore rig and equipment rates globally and regionally; enabling step change improvements in upstream efficiency, productivity, and effectiveness; cost efficiency through extended supply chain at granular level to achieve long-term growth, profitability and competitive advantage; and summary and conclusion were drawn.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  upstream, Hydrocarbon, Capital Expenditure, Operation Expenditure

  References
  [1] Earnst & Young, “Optimize network OPEX and CAPEX while enhancing the quality of service”, 2014.
  [2] Jun, J Kang J, Jeong D & Lee, H, “An efficient approach for optimizing full field development plan using Monte-Carlo simulation coupled with Genetic Algorithm and new variable setting method for well placement applied to gas condensate field in Vietnam”, Energy Exploration and Exploitation, 35(1), 75–102, 2017.
  [3] Kingdom B, Lloyd-Owen, D, Trémolet, S., Kayaga, S., & Ikeda, J, “Better Use of Capital to Deliver Sustainable Water Supply and Sanitation Services Practical Examples and Suggested Next Steps”, 2018.
  [4] Bill R, “Optimizing cost in energy through improve capex and opex discipline”, 2015.
  [5] Bill R, “Research on optimizing costs in energy through improve capex and opex discipline”, 2014.
  [6] Sylvester, D.C, Abdul-Rani, N.S & Shaikh, J M, “Comparison between oil and gas companies and contractors against cost, time, quality and scope for project success in Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia”, African Journal of Business Management 5 (11), 2011.
  [7] Ernst & Young, “Driving operational performance in oil and gas”, 2015.
  [8] Ajator, D, U O, “Costing of Oil and Gas Projects for Efficient Management and Sustainability”, IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 8(12), 70–84, 2014.
  [9] Financial Modeling Handbook, “A practical guide to OPEX modelling in oil and gas”,2018.
  [10] Gupta, V, & Grossmann, I. E, “Offshore oilfield development planning under uncertainty and fiscal considerations”, Optimization and Engineering, 18(1), 3–33, 2017.
  [11] Longxin, M., Zifei, F., & Anzhu, X, “Development characteristics, models and strategies for overseas oil and gas fields”, Petroleum Exploration and Development, 45(4), 735–744, 2018.
  [12] Biscardini, R., Morrison, D., Branson. A. & Maestro, D, “Adjusting Business Models to a Period of Recovery. Pwc”, 2017.
  [13] Corneliussen, B. S, “Introduction to Hydrocarbon Management and allocation”, 2014.
  [14] Shuen, A., Feiler, P. F., & Teece, D. J, “Dynamic capabilities in the upstream oil and gas sector: Managing next generation competition”, Energy Strategy Reviews, 3(C), 5–13, 2014.
  [15] Tiwari, V. K, “SPE 167360”, Hydrocarbon Accounting, 1–3, 2013.
  [16] Myers, K, “National Hydrocarbon Accounting”, A methodology for monitoring upstream sector governance”, The case of UK North Sea Oil and Gas, 2014.
  [17] Clark, M., & Anvarer, A, “Reshaping the future with upstream digitization”, 2018.
  [18] Chima, C. M., & Hills, D, “Hydrocarbon Deposite”, Supply-Chain Management Issues, 5(6), 27–36, 2007.
  [19] Sarah, F G, “Economies of scale: How oil and gas industries cut cost through. Replication”, Report from economic intelligence unit, 2011.
  [20] Louw, J.J & Pienaar, “Levels of advancement in supply chain planning by large-scale petrochemical companies in south Africa”, Corporate Ownership & Control 8 (3), 2011.
  [21] Jacob, M, “Review of capital expenditure, asset management, and operating expenditure of state water corporation”, 2005.

  Citation
  Muhammad Usman, Aliyu Abba, Bishir Balarabe, "Optimizing Upstream Costs through Improved Capital Expenditure and Operating Expenditure Discipline," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.90-94, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Migrant Labour Inflows and Risk-Employment in Kashmir Valley

  A.A. Turrey

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.95-101, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  The Valley of Kashmir is an administrative division of the state of Jammu and Kashmir which is the northern most state of India. The entire region is the subject of a territorial conflict among China, India and Pakistan. Some part of the state is under Pakistan usually referred to as Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK). The area under China is called China Occupied Kashmir (COK) and the area within the boundaries of India is called Indian-Administered Kashmir by United Nations. The political relations among these countries more often remain tense. Throughout the year there remain several security challenges and issues faced by almost every individual living there, particularly in the Valley of Kashmir. The in-migrants are no exception to this. The state especially the Valley is almost rural in character lagging urban cities. The state in general and Kashmir Valley in particular, is hilly in character and having harsh climates in winter. It is like a blank paper when we speak of business and industrial establishments. The State has the lowermost level in terms of industrialisation [11]. There are no large industries but only a small number of small scale and cottage industries. Further, the existence of army in the Valley pushes lots of concerns of intrusion, insecurity for women and creates obstacles in doing any work. Kashmir conflict has added a series of massacres to the history of migrants in Kashmir. Despite of all these drawbacks the Valley of Kashmir is abode of countless in-migrants from other states and union territories of India. In this light it will be very important to understand the background of in-migrants in Kashmir Valley. Why migrants risk their lives in Kashmir and what are the survival strategies of in-migrants especially in conflict situations?

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Labour In-Migrants, Kashmir Valley, Risk Employment, Poverty and Insecurity, Distressed Migration, Conflict

  References
  [1] Census of India, Migration Tables 2001 & 2011.
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  Citation
  A.A. Turrey, "Migrant Labour Inflows and Risk-Employment in Kashmir Valley," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.95-101, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Gender Difference in Shyness and Self-esteem: A Moderating role of Gender in Predicting Interaction between Shyness and Self-esteem among Postgraduate Hostel Students

  Ume Laila, Muhmmad Aqeel, Sana Rehman

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.102-106, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  Shyness and self-esteem are social-psychological constructs, which are very prevalent among students. The current study intended to examine the relationship between shyness and self-esteem among postgraduate hostel resident students. Furthermore, the present study intended to investigate the moderating role of gender in predicting the interaction between shyness and self-esteem. The sample of the study comprised 100 postgraduate hostel resident students, out of which males and females were equal in ratio. The cross-section research design and purposive sampling technique were used for sample selection and data collection purposes. Self-Esteem Scales (Rosenberg’s, 1960) Shyness Scale (Cheek & Buss, 1983) were used in the current research to gather relevant information from the participants. The results of the current study revealed that males had a moderately negative correlation between shyness and self-esteem, whereas females had a slightly negative correlation between shyness and self-esteem. Results revealed that gender was a significant moderator between shyness and self-esteem. The findings of the current would study help in developing pedagogical and clinical policies to promote self-esteem among utilized students.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Self-Esteem, Shyness, Hostel Students, Moderation Analysis

  References
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  [2] Asi, K. Y. (2016). The level of shyness among talented students in light of socio-economic level in Riyadh. Journal of Education and Practice 7(15) 48-54 www.iiste.org
  [3] Bas, C. (2010). An investigation of the relationship between shyness and loneliness levels of elementary students in a Turkish Sample. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2(2), 419 -440.
  [4] Burstein, M, Ameli-Grillon, L. Merikangas (2011). Shyness versus social phobia in US youth. Pediatrics: 128(5) 917-925.
  [5] Cheek, J.M., & Briggs, S.R. (1990). Shyness as a personality trait. In W.R. Crozier (Ed.), Shyness and Embarrassment: Perspectives from Social Psychology (pp. 315 - 337). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  [6] Chishti, K, Amin, F, Yousaf, T. (2018). Relationship between Shyness and Academic Achievement among Adolescents in Karachi. Bahria Journal of Professional Psychology, 17, (1), 83-98.
  [7] Crozier, W.R. (Ed) (2000). Shyness development, consolidation and change. London: Rutledge.
  [8] D’Souza, L. & Urs, G.N. (2001). Effect of shyness on the adjustment of high school students in Pakistan. Journal of Psychological Research 16(3) 85 – 94.
  [9] D’Souza, L., Urs, G.B. & Jayaraju, R. (2008). Relationship between shyness and guidance needs among adolescents. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 34, (2), 317 – 322.
  [10] Durmus, E. (2007). Perceptions of shy and non shy students. Ankara Universities Egitim Bilimleri Fakultesi Dergisi, 40(1), 243 – 268.
  [11] Fareed, M. F. & Akhtar, M. (2013). Self-Esteem of Secondary School Students in Pakistan. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 14(10): 1325-1330. DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.14.10.2502.
  [12] García, J. A., Y Olmos, F. C., Matheu, M. L., & Carreño, T. P. (2019). Self esteem levels vs global scores on the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Heliyon, 5(3), e01378. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01378
  [13] Gouceman, P. O. (2012). Correlation between shyness and self-esteem of arts and design Students. Social and Behavioral Sciences 47( 2 ) 1558 – 1561. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.861
  [14] Iqbal, S., Ahmad, R., & Ayub, N. (2012). Self-Esteem: A Comparative Study of Adolescents from Mainstream and Minority Religious Groups in Pakistan. J Immigrant Minority Health. DOI: 10.1007/s10903-012-9656-9.
  [15] Ishaq, G. and Khan, O. (2017). Relationship between self-esteem and loneliness among university students living in hostels. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 6(2), 21-27. DOI: 10.5861/ijrsp.2017.1735
  [16] Jalali, D, Nazari, & A. (2009).Effects of social learning model training on self-esteem, self-confidence, self assertiveness and academic achievement in third grade students of intermediary Schools. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences,7(1).
  [17] Kim, E. S., Hong, Y. J., Kim, M., Kim, E. J., & Kim, J. J. (2019). Relationship between Self-Esteem and Self-Consciousness in Adolescents: An Eye-Tracking Study. Psychiatry investigation, 16(4), 306–313. doi:10.30773/pi.2019.02.10.3
  [18] Nagzoi, O., & Jhonathan, I. B. R. (2017). Prevalence, Gender and Level of Schooling Differences in Secondary School Students Level of Shyness. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(2), 2222-1735.
  [19] Mandal, E. (2008). Shyness and gender: Physical, emotional, cognitive behavioural consequences and strategies of copying with shyness by women and men of different gender identity. The New Educational Review. 14, 259 – 273.
  [20] Manzoor, A., Kiran. (2016). Level of shyness among public and private schools of Adolescents (13-148 years). A Comparative Study. Procedia- Social and Behavior Science, 856-866.
  [21] Parabot, A. (2011). Shyness: Speech 10. Retrieved from www.pasadena.edu/files/syllabi/kmhaley 26919.pd/51. Psychology Today (2013). Cost of shyness http//.www.psychology.com/articles/2009/10/the cost shyness.
  [22] Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  [23] Rubin, K. H., Barstead, M. G. (2014). Gender Differences in Child and Adolescent Social Withdrawal: A Commentary. Sex Roles, 70(7-8):274-284. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-014-0357-9
  [24] Sadeghi, K. & Soleimani, M. (2016). The relationship between anxiety, shyness, ambiguity tolerance andlanguage learning strategies. International Journal of Pedagies and learning, 11(1) 70-87
  [25] Scholmerich, A. Broberg, A.G. & Lamb M.E. (2000). Precursor of inhibition and shyness in the first year of life.In W.R Crozier, (Ed). Shyness: development, consolidation and change. London: Routhledge.
  [26] Terwase, J.M & Ibaishwa, R. L. (2014). Resilience, shyness and loneliness as predictors of internet addiction among university undergraduate in Benue state. Journal of Humanities and social science, 19, 9, 1-7.
  [27] Umeh, C.S. (2013). Assessment and management of shyness using group cognitive behavioural therapy among selected Nigerian adolescents. African Journals, 21(3). Retrieved on May 21st 2016 from www.ajo/.info/index.php /itep/article/view/91285.
  [28] Payne, K. (2011). Understanding and Overcoming Shyness. California Institute of Technology web site: http://www.counseling.caltech.edu/InfoandResources/Shyness

  Citation
  Ume Laila, Muhmmad Aqeel, Sana Rehman, "Gender Difference in Shyness and Self-esteem: A Moderating role of Gender in Predicting Interaction between Shyness and Self-esteem among Postgraduate Hostel Students," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.102-106, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  An Empirical Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators as Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Bangladesh 1976-2018

  M.S. Islam, M. Sahajalal

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.107-110, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between selected macroeconomic variables with the inflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) percentage of GDP and how macroeconomic variables affect the FDI inflow in Bangladesh. In this paper, FDI has been selected as a Dependent variable and Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Real Exchange Rate (RER), Inflation rate (INF) and Interest rate (INT) selected as independent variables. In the study, time-series data has been collected from the World Economic Indicator and the Bangladesh Bureau of statistics for the year 1976 to 2018. To analyzing data, EViews 9 software has been used for time series data maintain. Different types of the test have been exercised such as Descriptive statistics, Visual graph, Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test (ADF) Unit Root Test, Correlation analysis and Johansen Test for Co-integration for achieving the paper’s goal. This Paper’s result illustrates that there was a relationship between the variables. In this study, the impact of GDP, RER, Inf has a negative impact on FDI on the other side the impact of Int positively impact on FDI. From the CUSUM and CUSUM square test, it can be said that in this period out model was not stable. Consequently, to attracting more foreign direct investment, the government of Bangladesh and economic policy-maker should concentrate on the macroeconomic factors that influence FDI. This paper has produced pioneering knowledge; it will help us to found out the relationship between selected macroeconomic variables and the percentage inflow of foreign direct investment in Bangladesh.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Real Exchange rate (RER), Inflation rate (INT), Interest rate (INT), Bangladesh Economy

  References
  [1] Bevan, A. A., & Estrin, S. (2004). The determinants of foreign direct investment into European transition economies. Journal of Comparative Economics , 775–787.
  [2] Bengoa, M., & Sanchez-Robles, B. (2003). Foreign direct investment, economic freedom and growth: new evidence from Latin America. European Journal of Political Economy, 529- 545.
  [3] Jadhav, P. (2012). Determinants of foreign direct investment in BRICS economies: Analysis of economic, institutional and political factor. International Conference on Emerging Economies - Prospects and Challenges (ICEE- 2012) .
  [4] Malik, S. &Malik, Q.A. (2013). “Empirical Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators as Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan”. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 77-82.
  [5] Ndubuisi, P. (2017). An Analysis of the Impact of Macroeconomic Variables and Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria: A VECM Granger Causality Framework. Journal of Business and Economic Development,187-197.
  [6] Otieno, G., & Njuguna, A. (2016). The Influence of Macro-Economic Factors on Foreign Direct Investment Flows in Kenya for The Period Of 2002-2013. Developing Country Studies , 8.
  [7] Quader, S. M. (2009). Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis on its Determinants and Impacts. Munich Personal RePEc Archive .
  [8] Shahzad, A., & Al-Swidi, A. K. (2013). Effect of Macroeconomic Variables on the FDI inflows: The Moderating Role of Political Stability: An Evidence from Pakistan. Canadian Center of Science and Education , 9.
  [9] Sufian Eltayeb Mohamed, M. G. (2010). Another look at the determinants of foreign direct investment in mena countries: an empirical investigation. Journal of economic development , 35.
  

  Citation
  M.S. Islam, M. Sahajalal, "An Empirical Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators as Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Bangladesh 1976-2018," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.107-110, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Challenges Faced By the Employees on Adoption of Banking Technology – An Empirical Study

  M. Deepalakshmi

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.111-114, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  Today’s innovation and development in science and technology becomes out of fashion tomorrow. In the recent times, the modern world carries out every transaction with the help of banks and their technologies thereon. When banks and technology meet together, there are various advantages but whereas, it is not easy to adopt it by the employees as they may be not aware of the usage of such technologies which may lead to undergoing of various training programs in order to adopt t the changing environment. This study is being proposed in order to know the problems faced by the employees in order to find a solution.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Banking Technology, Employees, Impact

  References
  [1] Mathew Joseph, Cindy McClure, and Beatriz Joshep on “Service Quality in the banking sector: the impact of technology on service delivery”. International Journal of Bank marketing, 17/4 [1999] 182-191. http://www.emerald_library.com
  [2] Ravi Nath on “Banker’s Perceptive on Internet banking”. E-Services Journal (2001). Volume 1 No.1. Indian University Press. Pages 21-36
  [3] Avinandan Mukherjee on “A Model of Trust in online Relationship Banking”. International Journal of Bank Marketing. International Journal of Bank Marketing. Volume 21 No. 1 (2003) pages 5-15. MCB UP limited [ISSN 0265-2323].

  Citation
  M. Deepalakshmi, "Challenges Faced By the Employees on Adoption of Banking Technology – An Empirical Study," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.111-114, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  An Overview of Impact of Coal Mining On Water Resources

  Prashant Hindurao Kamble, Jaydeep Suresh Kumbhar

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.115-121, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  Water is one the basic needs of the mining industry. All the operations of mining, directly or indirectly require water for their functioning. The mining industry has been utilizing water carelessly without anticipating the negative impacts it is having on the ecology and the bio-diversity of the region. Acid mine drainage has become a common phenomenon associated with mining. Deaths and diseases caused by contaminated water have roused concerns everywhere. The critical situation requires carrying out water analysis of all the water bodies in and around the mines to determine the source, cause, effect and remedies of the different contaminants and pollutants. This is also a part of the corporate social responsibility that the mining industry has pledged to. This also helps in reassuring the people of the pro-development motives of the mining industry.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Mining, water, ecology, biodiversity, acid mine drainage, corporate social responsibility

  References
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  [24] Neymeyer, A. (2003). Modeling pollution migration in the Magnesian Limestone Aquifer
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  Citation
  Prashant Hindurao Kamble, Jaydeep Suresh Kumbhar, "An Overview of Impact of Coal Mining On Water Resources," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.115-121, 2019