Volume-9 , Issue-7 , Jul 2023, ISSN 2454-9312 (Online), 2454-6143 (Print) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Structural Analysis of Bornu Basin, Northeastern Nigeria Based on Coherence and Curvature Attributes

  Umeghalu C.O., Egwuonwu G.N.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.7 , pp.1-6, Jul-2023

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The Bornu Basin, extending into Chad Republic, Cameroon, and Niger Republic, is a basin formed through the mechanical separation of the African crustal plate during the Cretaceous period. The study area encompasses Latitude 11.750 N to 13.000 N and Longitude 12.000 E to 14.000 E. Structural analysis of the Bornu Basin utilized coherence and curvature attributes to examine the technique offering the best structural resolution and to understand the various structural styles present in the basin. The integration of 3-D seismic data and well data was employed for this purpose. The findings indicate that while the coherence attribute and the curvature attribute display similar comparisons in terms of frequency and gradient readings, the coherence attribute provides higher resolution when examining smaller structures. This demonstrates its superior effectiveness in visualizing structural trends within the basin. Additionally, the results revealed the presence of several types of faults, ranging from deep-lying mega faults that extend down to the basement, to micro faults that do not reach the basement. These faults can serve as both hydrocarbon seals and potential pathways for hydrocarbon migration.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Coherence, Curvature, Variance, Seismic Attribute, Faults, Anticline, Seismic Horizon, Anomaly.

  References
  [1] A. A. Avbovbo, E. O. Ayoola and S. A. Osahon, “Depositional and structural styles in Chad Basin of Northeastern Nigeria”, AAPG, Vol. 70, Issue 121, pp.1787–1798, 1986.
  [2] C. F. Ezeobi, G. N. Egwuonwu and I.U. Chibuogwu. “Reservoir Identification in Bornu Basin, Northeastern Nigeria Based on Well Log Analysis”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol. 11, Issue 1, pp. 7-16. 2023a.
  [3] N. G. Obaje, H. Wehner and G. Scheeder, “Hydrocarbon prospectivity of Nigeria’s inland basins: From the viewpoint of organic geochemistry and organic petrology”, AAPG Bulletin, 2004, Vol. 87, PP.325–353, 2004
  [4] I. Hamza and I. Hamidu, “Hydrocarbon resource potential of the Bornu basin northeastern Nigeria”, Global Journal of Geological Sciences, 10(1), 2012.
  [5] S. P. Braide, “Petroleum geology of the southern Bida Basin Nigeria”, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Vol. 74, Issue 5, pp. 717 - 725, 1990.
  [6] G. J. Genik “Regional framework structure and petroleum aspects of the rift basins in Niger, Chad and Central African Republic (C.A.R.)”, Tectonophysics, Vol. 213, pp.169–185, 1992.
  [7] C. O. Ajayi and D. E. Ajakaiye, “The Origin and Peculiarities of the Nigeria Benue Trough. Another look from recent gravity data obtained from middle Benue”, Tectonophysics, Vol.12, pp.286-329, 1981.
  [8] NGSA, “Geological and Mineral Resources Map Album”, Nigerian Geological Survey Agency, 2006.
  [9] C. F. Ezeobi, G. N. Egwuonwu and I.U. Chibuogwu, “Reservoir Identification in Bornu Basin, Northeastern Nigeria Using Seismic Attributes Analysis”. International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, 9 (2), pp 1-8, 2023b.
  [10] S. W. Petter and C. M. Ekweozor, “petroleum Geology of Benue Trough and southeastern Chad Basin Nigeria”, GEOLOGIC NOTES, AAPG Bulletin 66, 1141-1149, 1982.
  [11] K. O. Omosanya, A. A. Akinmosin and N. A. Adio, “Hydrocarbon potential of the Nigerian chad basin from wireline logs”, Indian Journal of Science, Vol. 4, Issue 12, pp.1668-1675, 2011.
  [12] C. N. Nwankwo and A. S. Ekine, “ Geothermal gradients in the Chad basin, Nigeria from bottom hole temperature logs, Int Journal of Physical Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 12, pp. 777-783, 2009.
  [13] J. A. Adeyinka, S. P. Ola and S. O. Olabode, “Possible Bornu Basin Hydrocarbon Habitat”, International Journal of Geoscience, Vol.5, Issue 9, 2014.
  [14] S. A. Aminu and M. Whiteworth, “Integrated well log and 2-D seismic data interpretation to image subsurface stratigraphy and structure in Northeastern Bornu Basin”, Journal of African Earth Science, Vol. 121, pp. 1 – 15, 2016
  [15] S. K. Ahmed, K. Liu, H. Moussa, J. Liu, A. H. Ahmed and L. K. Kra, “Assessment of petroleum system elements and migration pattern of Borno (Chad) Basin, Northeastern Nigeria”, Journal of petroleum science and engineering, Vol. 208, 2022.
  [16] C. N. Didi, I. I. Obiadi, S. E. Okeke, S. N. Anakor and M. K. Ikomi, “Lithostratigraphic interpretation and analysis of the depositional environment of Nigerian Chad basin using well log and seismic data”, Meridian Journal of Physical Science, Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2022.
  [17] S. Chopra and J. M. Kurt, “Seismic attributes—A historical perspective”, Geophysics, Vol. 70, Issue 5, pp.3SO?28SO, 2005.
  [18] M. T. Taner, “Seismic attributes”, CSEG Recorder, September, pp. 48–56, 2001.
  [19] M. Bahorich and S. Famer, “3D seismic discontinuity for faults and stratigraphic features, the coherence cube” Leading Edge, Vol. 14, Issue 10, pp. 1053-1058, 1995.
  [20] K. D. Opeyemi and A. P. Aizebeokhai “Seismic attribute analysis for reservoir characterization, offshore Niger delta”, Petroleum and Coal, Vol. 57, Issue 6, pp. 619 – 628, 2016.
  [21] R. J. Lisle, “Detection of zones of abnormal strains in structures using Gaussian curvature analysis”, AAPG Bulletin, Vol. 78, pp. 1811-1819, 1994.
  [22] A. R. Brown, “Understanding seismic attributes”, Geophysics, Vol. 66: 47-48, 2001.
  [23] M. T. Taner, J. S. Schuelke, R. O. Doherty, and E. Baysal, “Seismic attributes revisited”, expanded abstract, society of exploration geophysicists, 1995.

  Citation
  Umeghalu C.O., Egwuonwu G.N., "Structural Analysis of Bornu Basin, Northeastern Nigeria Based on Coherence and Curvature Attributes," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.9, Issue.7, pp.1-6, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Individual causes and effects of hypertation among the elderly persons in Kiruddu Referral Hospital, Kampala District

  D. Mercey Kemigisa, A. Mugeere, S. Mirembe

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.7 , pp.7-13, Jul-2023

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Globally there is a shift in disease pattern from infectious to chronic diseases due to an increasingly westernized lifestyle and urbanization. A healthy lifestyle improves health and leads to a high perception of wellbeing while an unhealthy lifestyle leads to depression and isolation. Unhealthy behaviours such as smoking, alcohol abuse, overeating in combination with high levels of stress [1]. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design which included both survey and key informant methods. Data was collected from 151 respondents at Kiruddu Referral Hospital and six key informants at a single point in time. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was done using SPSS, Jamovi and thematic approach respectively. Unhealthy lifestyles such as high levels of stress and smoking were stated as leading risk factors associated with hypertension among elderly persons. Healthy lifestyle modifications such as eating a balanced diet, following doctor’s instructions, exercising and avoiding stress were noted as ways to decrease prevalence of hypertension among elderly persons. The study also observed that hypertension is a leading killer disease among elderly persons and is further responsible for disabilities, stroke, heart disease, and kidney failure. Hypertension exists among the elderly population especially those residing in urban areas. Therefore there is need for lifestyle modification, drug therapy, the study also recommends the creation of awareness about hypertension amidst other several hypertension reduction approaches.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Prevalence, morbidity, Individual, Hypertension, Elderly, Hospital

  References
  [1] C. Dima-Cozma, C. Gavrilut?, G. Mitrea, and D.-C. Cojocaru, “The importance of healthy lifestyle in modern society: a medical, social and spiritual perspective,” European Journal of Science and Theology, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 111–120, 2014.
  [2] A. Alwan, Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. World Health Organization, 2011.
  [3] R. Nugent and A. Feigl, “Where have all the donors gone? Scarce donor funding for non-communicable diseases,” Center for global development working paper, no. 228, 2010.
  [4] World Health Organization, “Obesity and Overweight,” Media Centre Fact sheet N° 311., 2013.
  [5] World Health Organization, “Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference,” Official Records of the World Health Organization, vol. 2, p. 100, 1946.
  [6] C. J. Murray and A. D. Lopez, “Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study,” The lancet, vol. 349, no. 9063, pp. 1436–1442, 1997.
  [7] K. Hofman, A. Ryce, W. Prudhomme, and S. Kotzin, “Reporting of non-communicable disease research in low-and middle-income countries: a pilot bibliometric analysis,” Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, vol. 94, no. 4, p. 415, 2006.
  [8] M. D. Holmes et al., “Non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: the case for cohort studies,” PLoS medicine, vol. 7, no. 5, p. e1000244, 2010.
  [9] J. F. Wamala, Z. Karyabakabo, D. Ndungutse, and D. Guwatudde, “Prevalence factors associated with hypertension in Rukungiri district, Uganda-a community-based study,” African health sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, 2009.
  [10] P. Kotwani et al., “Epidemiology and awareness of hypertension in a rural Ugandan community: a cross-sectional study,” BMC public health, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2013.
  [11] C. K. MONdO, M. A. Otim, G. Akol, R. MuSOKE, and J. Orem, “The prevalence and distribution of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in Kasese district, Uganda: cardiovascular topics,” Cardiovascular journal of Africa, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 52–57, 2013.
  [12] D. Maher, L. Waswa, K. Baisley, A. Karabarinde, N. Unwin, and H. Grosskurth, “Distribution of hyperglycaemia and related cardiovascular disease risk factors in low-income countries: a cross-sectional population-based survey in rural Uganda,” International journal of epidemiology, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 160–171, 2011.
  [13] G. Musinguzi and F. Nuwaha, “Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Uganda,” PloS one, vol. 8, no. 4, p. e62236, 2013.
  [14] A. S. Green et al., “Assessing providers’ approach to hypertension management at a large, private hospital in Kampala, Uganda,” Annals of global health, vol. 86, no. 1, 2020.
  [15] I. Ssinabulya, Y. Nabunnya, B. Kiggundu, C. Musoke, M. Mungoma, and J. Kayima, “Hypertension control and care at Mulago Hospital ambulatory clinic, Kampala-Uganda,” BMC research notes, vol. 9, pp. 1–7, 2016.
  [16] K. V. Nyombi et al., “High prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk factors among medical students at Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda,” BMC research notes, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2016.
  [17] D. Mercey Kemigisa, A. Mugeere, and S. Mirembe, “Prevalence and trend of hypertension among the elderly persons in Kiruddu Referral Hospital, Kampala District,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, vol. 9, no. 5, May 2023, doi: www.isroset.org.
  [18] R. V. Krejcie and D. W. Morgan, “Determining sample size for research activities,” Educational and psychological measurement, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 607–610, 1970.
  [19] D. Guwatudde et al., “The epidemiology of hypertension in Uganda: findings from the national non-communicable diseases risk factor survey,” PloS one, vol. 10, no. 9, p. e0138991, 2015.
  [20] J. K. Soubeiga, T. Millogo, B. W. Bicaba, B. Doulougou, and S. Kouanda, “Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in Burkina Faso: a countrywide cross-sectional study,” BMC Public Health, vol. 17, pp. 1–8, 2017.
  [21] M. E. Hendriks et al., “Hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: cross-sectional surveys in four rural and urban communities,” PloS one, vol. 7, no. 3, p. e32638, 2012.
  [22] N. R. Poulter and D. Prabhakaran, “Caulfield M,” Hypertension. Lancet (London, England), vol. 386, no. 9995, pp. 801–12, 2015.
  [23] S. Lim, T. Vos, A. Flaxman, G. Danaei, K. Shibuya, and H. Adair-Rohani, “A AlMazroa, M.; Amann, M.; Anderson, HR; Andrews, KG; et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010,” Lancet, vol. 380, pp. 2224–2260, 2012.
  [24] F. Ataklte, S. Erqou, S. Kaptoge, B. Taye, J. B. Echouffo-Tcheugui, and A. P. Kengne, “Burden of undiagnosed hypertension in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Hypertension, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 291–298, 2015.
  [25] S. Bromfield and P. Muntner, “High blood pressure: the leading global burden of disease risk factor and the need for worldwide prevention programs,” Current hypertension reports, vol. 15, pp. 134–136, 2013.
  [26] S. Mendis, “Challenges for the management of hypertension in low-resource settings,” Ethnicity & disease, vol. 13, pp. 67–70, 2003.
  [27] F. Nawagi, M. Söderberg, V. Berggren, P. Midlöv, A. Ajambo, and N. Nakasujja, “Sociodemographic characteristics and health profile of the elderly seeking health care in Kampala, Uganda,” Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research, vol. 2018, 2018.
  [28] D. Mulumba, “Humanitarian assistance and its implication on the integration of refugees in Uganda: Some observations.,” 2014.

  Citation
  D. Mercey Kemigisa, A. Mugeere, S. Mirembe, "Individual causes and effects of hypertation among the elderly persons in Kiruddu Referral Hospital, Kampala District," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.9, Issue.7, pp.7-13, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  The Organizational Competence of State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in Region XII-SOCCSKGEN Philippines

  Eduardo Maca Cabalang Jr.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.7 , pp.14-20, Jul-2023

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Organizational competence is essential for an organization to prosper and maintain its competitive edge over other institutions, however, there hasn`t been much research on administrators in (SUCs) in the Philippines. This study aimed to identify the level of organizational competence, leadership competence, organizational climate, and quality management practices of (SUCs) administrators in Region XII-Philippines. This study employed a quantitative research design. There were 219 administrators and 280 faculties from 5 (SUCs utilized in this study using stratified random sampling. Weighted mean was used to determine the level of organizational competence, leadership competence, organizational climate, and quality management practices. The result showed that SUC administrators exhibited a high level of organizational competence, leadership competence, organizational climate, and quality management practices. This suggested that (SUCs) administrators may sustain their best practices on organizational competence to advance their existing status.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Organizational competence, leadership competence, organizational climate, quality management practices, SUCs

  References
  [1] Dhillon, G., “Organizational competence for harnessing IT: A case study. Information & Management,” 45(5), pp. 297-303, 2018.
  [2] Freifeld, L. O. R. R. I., “Emerging training leaders. Training”, 50(3), pp. 20-31, 2013.
  [3] Skrinjaric, B., “Competence-based approaches in an organizational and individual context,” Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 9(1), pp. 1-12, 2022.
  [4] Stevenson, K., “Organizational competence in the management and support of projects,” Paper presented at Project Management Institute Annual Seminars & Symposium, Houston, TX. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute, 2000.
  [5] King, A. W., Fowler, S. W., & Zeithaml, C. P., “Managing organizational competencies for competitive advantage: The middle-management edge,” Academy of Management Perspectives, 15(2), pp. 95-106, 2001.
  [6] Choge, P. J., Namusonge, G., Makokha, E. N., & Musau, E. G., “The effect of organizational competencies on the organizational competitive advantage of the banking sector in Kenya”, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(10), pp. 739-760, 2018.
  [7] Taatila, V., “The concept of organizational competence: a foundational analysis,” (No. 36). University of Jyväskylä, 2004.
  [8] Obukhova, L. A., Galustyan, O. V., Baklanov, I. O., Belyaev, R. V., Kolosova, L. A., & Dubovitskaya, T. V., “Formation of Organizational Competence of Future Engineers using Blended Learning,” Int. J. Eng. Pedagog., 10(2), pp. 119-127, 2020.
  [9] Lavian, R. H., “The impact of organizational climate on burnout among homeroom teachers and special education teachers (full classes/individual pupils) in mainstream schools,” Teachers and Teaching, 18(2), pp. 233-247, 2012.
  [10] Ojo, A., Winnie, D., Molina, A., Tolliver, D., & Cantu, C., “An Evaluation of Cohesiveness and Conflicts in the Workplace,” Conflict Resolution & Negotiation Journal, 2016.
  [11] Strugar Jela?a, M., Bjeki?, R., Berber, N., Aleksi?, M., Slavi?, A., & Mari?, S., “Impact of Managers’ Emotional Competencies on Organizational Performance. Sustainability, 14(14), 8800, 2022.
  [12] Tindowen, D. J., “Influence of empowerment on teachers’ organizational behaviors,” European Journal of Educational Research, 8(2), pp. 617-631, 2019.
  [13] King, A. W., Fowler, S. W., & Zeithaml, C. P., “Managing organizational competencies for competitive advantage: The middle-management edge,” Academy of Management Perspectives, 15(2), pp. 95-106, 2001.
  [14] Klepper, E. M.,” Andragogy and Workplace Relationships: A Mixed-Methods Study Exploring Employees` Perceptions of Their Relationships with Their Supervisors (Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University), 2017.
  [15] Kose, A., ”The Relationship between Work Engagement Behavior and Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Climate,” Journal of Education and Practice, 7(27), 42-52, 2016.
  [16] West, G. B., & Bocârnea, M., “Servant leadership and organizational outcomes: Relationships in the United States and Filipino higher educational settings, “In Proceedings of the Servant Leadership Research Roundtable (Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 99-116), 2008.
  [17] Magbojos, C. R., “Managerial Skills Development of Selected Private Institutions of Higher Learning in Batangas, Philippines,” Online Submission, 3(1), pp. 141-167, 2012.
  [18] Almonte-Acosta, S. A. (2007). Developing research culture in Philippine higher education institutions: Perspectives of university faculty Rose Marie Salazar-Clemeña. Ph.D. Dean, College of Education De La Salle University–Manila, 2007.
  [19] Dalanon, J., Diano, L. M., Belarmino, M. P., Hayama, R., Miyagi, M., &Matsuka, Y., “A Philippine Rural School`s Organizational Climate, Teachers` Performance, and Management Competencies,” Online Submission, 6(1), pp. 248-265.
  [20] Tindowen, D. J., “Influence of empowerment on teachers’ organizational behaviors,” European Journal of Educational Research, 8(2), pp. 617-631, 2018, 2019.
  [21] Estudillo, H. M., & Mhunpiew, N., ”The development of a strategic leadership model for teacher instructional competencies at the private higher education institutions in Mindanao, Philippines, “Scholar: Human Sciences, 13(1), pp. 121-137, 2021.
  [22] Miano, L., “Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Culture as a Predictors of Soft Skills among Tertiary School Teachers in the Philippines. Journal of Education and Society, 4(1), pp. 25-36, 2020.
  [23] Dotong, C. I., & Laguador, J. M., “Philippine quality assurance mechanisms in higher education towards internationalization, “Studies in Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(3), pp. 156-167, 2015.
  [24] Abas, M. C., & Imam, O. A., “Graduates` Competence on Employability Skills and Job Performance,” International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 5(2), pp. 119-125, 2016.
  [25] Jin, K. G., Drozdenko, R., & DeLoughy, S., “The role of corporate value clusters in ethics, social responsibility, and performance: A study of financial professionals and implications for the financial meltdown,” Journal of business ethics, pp. 112, 15-24, 2013.
  [26] Amias, F. L. G., & Segumpan, R. G., “Human resource competency and job performance: The case of administrative staff in a Philippine State University,” Australian Academy of Business and Economics Review, 4(1), pp. 17-28, 2017.
  [27] Taatila, V., “The concept of organizational competence: a foundational analysis (No. 36), “ University of Jyväskylä, 2004.
  [28] Grant, P., & McGhee, P., “Hedonic versus (true) eudaimonic well-being in organizations, “ The Palgrave Handbook of workplace well-being, pp. 925-943, 2021.
  [29] Coetzee, M., & Pauw, D., “Staff perception of leader emotional competency as a predictor of satisfaction with retention factors, “Journal of Psychology in Africa, 23(2), pp. 177-185, 2013.
  [30] Grawitch, M. J., Ledford Jr, G. E., Ballard, D. W., & Barber, L. K., “Leading the healthy workforce: The integral role of employee involvement, “Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 61(2), p. 122, 2009.
  [31] Bielikov, I., “Pedagogical modeling of the formation of organizational competence in future specialists in physical culture and sports of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, “ScienceRise: Pedagogical Education, (5 (50)), 2022.
  [32] Jerónimo, H. M., Henriques, P. L., de Lacerda, T. C., da Silva, F. P., & Vieira, P. R., “Going green and sustainable: The influence of green HR practices on the organizational rationale for sustainability, ‘Journal of Business Research, 112, pp. 413-421, 2020.
  [33] Salman, M., Ganie, S. A., & Saleem, I., “Employee competencies as predictors of organizational performance: a study of public and private sector banks, “Management and Labour Studies, 45(4), pp. 416-432, 2020.
  [34] Bernarto, I., Bachtiar, D., Sudibjo, N., Suryawan, I. N., Purwanto, A., & Asbari, M., “Effect of transformational leadership, perceived organizational support, job satisfaction toward life satisfaction: Evidences from Indonesian teachers, 2020.
  [35] Sabuhari, R., Sudiro, A., Irawanto, D., & Rahayu, M., “The effects of human resource flexibility, employee competency, organizational culture adaptation, and job satisfaction on employee performance, “Management Science Letters, 10(8), pp. 1775-1786, 2020.
  [36] Das, A., Kumar, V., & Kumar, U., “The role of leadership competencies for implementing TQM: An empirical study in the Thai manufacturing industry,” International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 2011.
  [37] Rappe, C., & Zwick, T., “Developing leadership competence of production unit managers. Journal of Management Development. 2007.
  [38] Rosete D, Ciarrochi J. Emotional intelligence and its relationship to workplace performance outcomes of leadership effectiveness. Leader Organ Dev J 2005; pp. 26:388–99.
  [39] Almatrooshi, B., Singh, S. K., & Farouk, S., “Determinants of organizational performance: a proposed framework. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 2016.

  Citation
  Eduardo Maca Cabalang Jr., "The Organizational Competence of State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in Region XII-SOCCSKGEN Philippines," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.9, Issue.7, pp.14-20, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Practices of Free Education in Secondary Schools in Central District Zanzibar

  Shemsa Othman Shindano, George Julius Babune

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.7 , pp.21-33, Jul-2023

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The paper attempted to examine the practices of free education in secondary schools in the Central District of Zanzibar. It employed a sample of 128 participants and 27 key informants to implement the mixed methods approach in the four public secondary schools. The cross-sectional design was used. A simple random sampling method and purposive sampling methods were used for students and teachers with educational officers respectively. Questionnaire survey and interview methods gathered data from students and teachers respectively. It was found that free education does not limit the payment of extra hours in schools by students for learning. There were extra class subjects paid in subjects out of schools in the study area. It was also found that public schools unlike private schools do not implement school fee charges. However, evidence was found that free secondary education does not involve payment for food, sanitation and environment, and some educational materials. It was concluded that free education in secondary schools in the study area is limited to school fees and some educational materials. It was recommended that given the limited capacity due to resource availability and access, there is a need to adopt integrated measures in the governance of free education services including the participation of other actors in resource facilitation for education development.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Female students, Free education, Practices, Secondary School , & Zanzibar)

  References
  [1] United Nations, Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development goal. 2015
  [2] Swedish Agency for Development Evaluation, Gender Equality in and through Education. Swedish Agency for Development Evaluation. 2010.
  [3] Global Partnership for Education, Achieving Gender Equality in and Through Education, A Knowledge and Innovation Exchange (Kix) Discussion Paper, 2019.
  [4] M. Freeman, Background Paper on the Impact of the Cedaw Convention?: Paths to equality. Nordic Trust Fund for Human Rights (NTF) of the World Bank, 2012.
  [5] F. Doriye, M.S. Muneja, & Ilomo, Challenges on the Implementation of Free Education Policy in Tanzania: A Case of Public Primary Schools in Babati Town. “East African Journal of Education and Social Sciences” Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 32-38 ISSN: 2714-2132, 2020.
  [6] T. Hall, Education for all? The legacy of free post-primary education in Ireland, “Irish Educational Studies” 38(1) 135 – 139, 2018.
  [7] R. Majumba, The challenges facing secondary school administrators in effective implementation of fee-free education provision in selected schools in Bahi district (Master`s dissertation), The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, 2019.
  [8] J.A Orodho, Policies On Free Primary And Secondary Education In East Africa?: Are Kenya And Tanzania On Course To Attain Education For All (EFA) Goals By 2015?? “Journal of Humanities and Social Science” (IOSR-JHSS) 19(1) 11–20, 2015
  [9] African Union, The African Union Agenda for 2063, African Union Commission, 2015.
  [10] P. Ndunguru, Free Education and Its Effects on Teaching and Learning Development in Tanzania: The Case of Selected Primary Schools in Masasi District, 2018.
  [11] A.K. Mohammed, & A.B. Kuyini, An evaluation of the Free Senior High School Policy in Ghana, “Cambridge Journal of Education” 51(2) 143- 172), 2021.
  [12] A.M. James, A.M. Simiyu, & A. Riechi, Factors affecting subsidized Free Day Secondary Education in Enhancing Leaners Retention in secondary schools in Kenya, “Journal of Education and Practice,” 7, 2016
  [13] B.G. Dimitrov, A study on the impact of academic stress among college students in India. Ideal Research: “An International Multidisciplinary” 2(4), 21-34, 2017.
  [14] M. Katie; & E. Unterhalter, "Empowering women and girls through education." European Parliament, 2015.
  [15] United Republic of Tanzania, Basic Education Statistical Abstract (2004 – 2017) Presidents Office, Regional Administration and Local Government, 2018.
  [16] M.A Ndolo., & E. M. W. Simatwa, “Impact of Free Secondary Education Policy on Primary to Secondary Education Transition Rate in Kenya?: A Case Study of Mbita and Suba Sub- Counties “International Research Journals, Educational Research” 7(April):24–40, 2016.
  [17] United Republic of Tanzania,“Waraka wa Elimu Namba 5 wa Mwaka2015” Kufuta Ada Kwa Elimu Ya Sekondari Kidato Cha Kwanza Mpaka Cha Nne Kwa Shule za Umma na Michango Yote Katika Elimu Msingi” Dar es Salaam: Wizara ya Elimu, Sayansi na Teknologia”, 21, 2016.
  [18] M.B. Mbawala, An Assessment of the Implementation of Fee Free Basic Education in Tanzania: A Case of Ruangwa District’s District Council, Lindi Region. “Open University of Tanzania” (OUT): Dar-es-Salaam, 2017.
  [19] Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar, “Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar RGZ Ministry of Education and Vocational Training MoEVT, 2017.
  [20] Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar, Revolution Government of Zanzibar. Ten years for education development 2000-2010. Organized by the Ministry of Education, 2010.
  [21] S. SAl-Samarrai., & M.E Tamagnan, Gender Equity and Fee-Free Basic Education in Tanzania Summary Education Global Practice, Africa Region, World Bank, Washington, 2019.
  [22] J. Olang’o J, Malechwanzi, S. Murage, and L. Amuka , Effects of Free Day Secondary Education Policy on Academic Performance of Rural Public Day Secondary Schools in Kiifi County, Kenya, “Journal of Learning for Development” Vol.8 No.1 pp. 192-203, 2021.
  [23] R. Shukia, Fee-Free Basic Education Policy Implementation in Tanzania?: A Phenomenon Worth Rethinking. “Huria Journal” 115–38, 2020.
  [24] Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar (RGoZ), Zanzibar Education Development Plan II 2017/2018 – 2021/2022, 2018.
  [25] C. Awinia, Free Basic Education and Gender Disparities in Tanzania: An Empirical Assessment of Challenges and Policy Options The Open University of Tanzania “Huria Journal” vol. 26(2), 2019.
  [26] E. M. Rwegasira, Factors Influencing Girls’ Poor Academic Performance in Community Secondary Schools: the Case of Kishapu District (Doctoral dissertation, Mzumbe University), 2017.
  [27] E.D. Nang’usa, Is Fee-Free Education Strengthening Girls` Education In Mvomero District, Tanzania? Mzumbe University, 2019.
  [28] L.Y. Mashala, The Impact of the Implementation of Free Education Policy on Secondary Education in Tanzania, “International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research”, 3(1) pp 6-14, 2019.
  [29] H.B. Herry, Assessing the Contribution of Fee-Free Education to Student’s Performance in Kinondoni District. “Administration, Planning and Policy Studies Of the Open University of Tanzania,” 2020.
  [30] United Republic of Tanzania, Certificate of Secondary Education Examination (CSEE) – 2011 Report and Analysis of the Results. Dar es Salaam, the Ministry of Education and Vocational, Retrieved sescotz.com/sesco_files/Takwimu%20CSEE% 202011.pdf. On 2/02/2020, 2012.
  [31] V. Makulilo, A Constitutional ‘Ujamaa’ and a Practical Market Economy in Tanzania: A Potential Attribute to Poverty. “Tanzania Journal of Development Studies,” Special Issue, 2021: 112 – 131, 2021.
  [32] Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar, “Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar RGZ Ministry of Education and Vocational Training MoEVT Education Situation Analysis. Development I (June):1–123, 2007.
  [33] R.I.Hemed, & M. Julius, Education Situation in Zanzibar doi: 10.5937/Oditor1901032H, 2018.
  [34] B. Kazuzuru, Impact of Free Education Policy on Secondary Schools’ Academic Performance in Tanzania “International Journal for Innovative Research In Multidisciplinary Field” Issn: 2455-0620 Volume - 6, Issue, 2020.
  [35] I.S Munisi., S. Werema., & G.S. Namusonge, Assessment of Free Secondary Education Policy on Quality of Secondary. “International Journal of Social Sciences and Information Technology” 37–45, 2021.
  [36] C.K. Kothari, Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, New Delhi: New Age International Publisher. 59, 2004
  [37] R.G. Mutegi, M. K. Muriithi & G. Wanjala, Education Policies in Kenya: Does Free Secondary Education Promote Equity in Public Secondary Schools? “International Journal of Development Research” Vol.7 Issues 11 pp, 16696-16699, 2017.

  Citation
  Shemsa Othman Shindano, George Julius Babune, "Practices of Free Education in Secondary Schools in Central District Zanzibar," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.9, Issue.7, pp.21-33, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Availability of Mental Health Services and its Effects on the Suicide Rate of African and Asia-Pacific States

  Kristine Cerenado

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.7 , pp.34-39, Jul-2023

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  This study explores the effect of the availability of mental health services such as the number of psychiatrists, psychologists, inpatient facilities, and outpatient facilities on the suicide rate of countries belonging to the United Nations (UN) African and Asia-Pacific States. Specifically, it aims to determine (1) the demographic profile of the African and Asia-Pacific states, concerning mental health; (2) the overall significant relationship between the availability of mental health services to the suicide rate of the African and Asia-Pacific state; and (3) the effect of the additional number of psychiatrists, psychologists, inpatient facilities, and outpatient facilities on the suicide rate of the African and Asia-Pacific states. Thus, it follows a quantitative research design. Multiple Regression, through the application Microsoft Excel and JASP, is the statistical treatment used to analyze data. Whereas all data used in this study is from the Global Health Observatory (GHO) of the World Health Organization (WHO). Based on the results, it was concluded that (1) Zimbabwe and South Korea have the highest crude suicide rate per both sexes per 100 000 population for the African and Asia-Pacific states, respectively; (2) there is a significant relationship between the availability of mental health services to the suicide rate of the African and Asia-Pacific State; and (3) the number of psychiatrists, inpatient facilities, and outpatient facilities have a positive effect on the suicide rate of the two regional states while the number of psychologists has a negative effect on the suicide rate of the two regional states. To further open and enrich the discussion, it is recommended to maximize all the UN regional states as research subjects and to include other forms of mental health services.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  mental health, suicide rates, services availability, Asia-pacific states, African states

  References
  [1]. One in 100 deaths is by suicide. World Health Organizations Official Website. 2021.
  [2]. Ng C. H. Mental health and integration in Asia Pacific. BJPsych international, Vol.15, Issue. 4, pp. 76–79. 2018.
  [3]. John, A., Eyles, E., Webb, R. T., Okolie, C., Schmidt, L., Arensman, E., Hawton, K., O`Connor, R. C., Kapur, N., Moran, P., O`Neill, S., McGuiness, L. A., Olorisade, B. K., Dekel, D., Macleod-Hall, C., Cheng, H. Y., Higgins, J., & Gunnell, D. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: update of living systematic review. F1000Research, Vol. 9, pp. 1097, 2020.
  [4]. Alibudbud, R. Suicide among the youth and school-based suicide prevention: Exemplar and reflections from the Philippines. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 83, 2023.
  [5]. Stene-Larsen, K., & Reneflot, A. Contact with primary and mental health care prior to suicide: A systematic review of the literature from 2000 to 2017. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, Vol. 47, Issue. 1, pp. 9–17, 2019.
  [6]. The Global Health Observatory. Word Health Organizations Official Website. 2023.
  [7]. Ansari, I. Mental health Pakistan: optimizing brains. International journal of emergency mental health and human resilience, Vol. 17, Issue. 1, pp. 288, 2015.
  [8]. Hogan, M. & Grumet, J. Suicide prevention: An emerging priority for health care. Health Affairs, Vol. 35, Issue. 6, pp. 1084-1090, 2016.
  [9]. Korosec Jagodic, H., Rokavec, T., Agius, M., & Pregelj, P. Availability of mental health service providers and suicide rates in Slovenia: a nationwide ecological study. Croatian medical journal, Vol. 54, Issue. 5, pp. 444–452, 2013.
  [10]. Mathieu, S., de Leo, D., Wen Koo, Y., Leske, S., Goodfellow, B., Kolves, K. Suicide and suicide attempts in the Pacific Islands: A systematic literature review. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, Vol. 17, 2021.
  [11]. Hung, P., Busch, S., Shih, YW., McGregor, A., & Wang, S. Changes in community mental health services availability and suicide mortality in the US: a retrospective study. BMC Psychiatry, Vol. 20, pp. 188, 2020.
  [12]. Atkinson, J.-A., Page, A., Heffernan, M., McDonnell, G., Prodan, A., Campos, B., Meadows, G., & Hickie, I. B. The impact of strengthening mental health services to prevent suicidal behaviour. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 53, Issue. 7, pp. 642–650, 2019.
  [13]. Hester, R.D. Lack of access to mental health services contributing to the high suicide rates among veterans. Int J Ment Health Syst, Vol. 11, pp. 47, 2017.
  [14]. Kapusta, N., Posch, M., Niederkrotenthaler, T., Fischer-Kern, M., Etzersdorfer, E., & Sonneck, G. Availability of mental health service providers and suicide rates in Austria: A nationwide study. Psychiatric Services, Vol. 61, Issue. 12, pp. 1198-1203, 2010.
  [15]. Regional groups of Member States. United Nations Official Website, 2023.
  [16]. JASP - A fresh way to do statistics. JASP Official Website, 2018.
  [17]. Bachmann S. Epidemiology of Suicide and the Psychiatric Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 15, Issue. 7, pp. 1425, 2018.
  [18]. Cameron, S. L. A., Tchernegovski, P & Maybery, D. Mental health service users’ experiences and perspectives of family involvement in their care: a systematic literature review, Journal of Mental Health, Vol. 32, Issue. 3, pp. 699-715, 2023.
  [19]. Henderson, C., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. Mental illness stigma, help seeking, and public health programs. American journal of public health, Vol. 103, Issue. 5, pp. 777–780, 2013.
  [20]. Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C Factors that explain how policy makers distribute resources to mental health services. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), Vol. 54. Issue. 4, pp. 501–507, 2003.

  Citation
  Kristine Cerenado, "Availability of Mental Health Services and its Effects on the Suicide Rate of African and Asia-Pacific States," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.9, Issue.7, pp.34-39, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Enhancing Learning Through Student-Centered Approach: A Complement to Conventional Education Systems

  Sk Asraful Karim

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.7 , pp.40-45, Jul-2023

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Education is the most important and basic element for the overall improvement of a human being. It is to shape our character, improve our ability, give consciousness to the universe, society, how it works, and our role in it, and help us understand ourselves. Since the beginning of human civilization, the education system has improved from time to time and place to place. In the present time, the most intellectual generation, generation Alpha, is raised in human civilization, which is why it is required to modify our education system as per their excellence. Here is a proposal of student-centered learning (the “education of, by, and for the students model”) in which students of the same class teach each other, students of higher class teach lower class, and students self-assess by conducting a M.C.Q. exam based on their suggested questions of the aggregate subject of their academic.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Education, student, school, college, teacher, studies, human development, education system, teacher centered education, Traditional way of learning, student centered education

  References
  [1] A.M. O’Donnell, “The role of peers and group learning,” Handbook of Educational Psychology, 2nd ed., P. Alexander and P. Winne, Eds., Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 781-802, 2006. ISBN: 978-0805853450
  [2] N. Duffrin, W. Dawes, D. Hanson, J. Miyazaki, and T. Wolfskill, “Transforming Large Introductory Classes into Active Learning Environments,” Journal of Educational Technology Systems, Vol. 27, Issue 2, pp. 169-178, 1998. DOI: XXXXXX
  [3] C.R. Landis, G.E. Peace Jr., M.A. Scharberg, S. Branz, J.N. Spencer, R.W. Ricci, S.A. Zumdahl, and D. Shaw, “The New Traditions Consortium: Shifting from a Faculty-Centered Paradigm to a Student-Centered Paradigm,” Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 75, Issue 6, pp. 741-744, 1998. DOI: XXXXXX
  [4] J.A.C. Hattie, “Visible Learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement,” 1st edition, Routledge, USA, pp. 1375, 2009. ISBN: 0-203-88733-6 (ebk).
  [5] B. C. Garmon, “In Defense of Student-Centered Education,” Information Age Publishing, Charlotte, NC, USA, 2011. ISBN-13: 978-1617354662
  [6] S. Wright, “The Power of Student-Driven Learning: A Revolutionary Model for Education,” Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2013. ISBN-13: 978-1118450296
  [7] T. Rose, “The End of Average: How We Succeed in a World That Values Sameness,” HarperOne, New York, USA, 2016.
  [8] C. S. Dweck, “Mindset: The New Psychology of Success,” Ballantine Books, New York, USA, 2007. ISBN-13: 978-0345472328
  [9] J.N. Spencer, “From Traditional to Radical: One Teacher’s Odyssey,” Thought and Action: The NEA Higher Education Journal, Vol. XX, Issue Y, pp. 93-100, Winter 2001-2002. DOI: XXXXXX
  [10] M. Weimer, “Learner-Centered Teaching: Five Key Changes to Practice,” Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2013.

  Citation
  Sk Asraful Karim, "Enhancing Learning Through Student-Centered Approach: A Complement to Conventional Education Systems," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.9, Issue.7, pp.40-45, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Practices of Competency and Knowledge-Based Education in Group Learning for Educational Development in Zanzibar Higher Learning Institutions

  Shadida Selele Haji, George Julius Babune

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.7 , pp.46-54, Jul-2023

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The paper explored the practices of Competency and Knowledge-Based in higher learning institutions. It adopted a mixed approach in using a sample size of 188. Four (4) were selected through purposive sampling as key informants. A sample of 188 students was selected through systematic random sampling from the study area. Data were gathered by unstructured interviews and questionnaire survey. Statistical Package for Social Sciences 26 version analysis was used to analyse quantitative data and thematic analysis to analyse qualitative data and presented in the form of tables, figures and narratives. It was found that group learning improved interaction, 39.8% of respondents indicated that learners with different personalities, talents, skills, and strengths had opportunities to work together in group learning activities in an attempt to achieve common learning goals. Increased understanding, 9.0% of respondents revealed that learners begin to understand each other better and respect other people`s points of view and contributions to the learning process. However, there were no differences observed between CBE and KBE in their practices despite having two models in MNMA and SUZA respectively. It was concluded that (89.9%) of respondents agreed group learning strategies were very effective during teaching and learning processes. Hence, yielded positive results in terms of learners` motivation to learn, better understanding of group learning tasks, improved learner-learner interactions and enhanced teacher-learner relationship in the given context. It is recommended that higher learning institutions in Zanzibar should ensure the availability of adequate facilities, quality teaching and learning materials that will support the use of KBE and CBE distinctively to inform every approach during the teaching and learning process. This can be achieved by designating and adopting a designated framework for CBE and KBE distinctively.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Competency-Based Education, Knowledge-Based Education and Group Learning

  References
  [1] N. Bishnoi, Collaborative learning; A learning tool advantage and disadvantage. Journal of Health and Well being 2017, 8 (8) li 850 -852, ISSN 2229-5356. 2017.
  [2] A. Hassanien, Student Experience of Group Work and Group Assessment in Higher Education. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism 6:1, pp.17-39, 2008.
  [3] J. Harlicek, J. Hron, I. Ticha. Knowledge based higher education, Agric. Econ. Czech, 52, (3), pp.107-116, 2006.
  [4] A. Burke, How to Use Group Work Effectively. The Journal of effective teaching. Vol.11, no.2, pp.87-95, 2011.
  [5] J. Kalaian, , Effectiveness of small group learning pedagogies in engineering and technology education: A Meta–analysis. Journal of Technology Education Vol.29, no.2 spring. 2018.
  [6] M. Povarenkiria, & D. Frolova, The Role of Group Dynamics in Creating a Developing Educational Environment of a University. Fundamental research of the Phenomenon of Happiness, SHS web of conferences 122, 04002, 2020.
  [7] T. Chiriac, Group work as an incentive for learning students’ experiences of group work. Original Research Article Dol. 10, 3389, 005582-2014.
  [8] E. Phoebe, Assessing Benefits of collaborative learning Environment for Quality higher education in Nigeria.Journal of Educational Research and Social Research. Vol.3, no.6 ISSN 2240-0524. 2013
  [9] J. Makaye, The Efficacy of Group Work As an Instructional Techniques For Pre-Service Student At Great Zimbabwe. Journal of Economics and Finance. Vol.2.ISSN 2520-7490. pp.18-23, 2017
  [10] Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar, Education Report. Ministry of Education. 2006.
  [11] Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar, Education Report. Ministry of Education, 2017.
  [12] M. Tambwe, Challenges Facing Implementation of Competency-Based Education and Training System in Tanzania Technical Institutions. Journal of educational research Vol.7, Issue.11, pp.277-283, 2017 (November). ISSN: 2026-6.
  [13] Y. Mbalamula, Effect of group versus individual assessment on course work among undergraduates in Tanzania: Implication for continuous assessment in Universities. Pedagogical Research, 3(1), 02 ISSN:2468-4929.2018

  Citation
  Shadida Selele Haji, George Julius Babune, "Practices of Competency and Knowledge-Based Education in Group Learning for Educational Development in Zanzibar Higher Learning Institutions," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.9, Issue.7, pp.46-54, 2023