Volume-9 , Issue-6 , Dec 2021, ISSN 2348-3423 (Online) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  On Spin Atomic Model

  G.H. Jadhav

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp.1-6, Dec-2021

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  Abstract
  This presentation recounts the history of atomic models and their limitations in brief. The role of spin of electrons in building atoms is a subject of the discussion. With few evidences, spin of electrons cannot be an intrinsic property is proposed. Opposite spin of electrons reduces repulsion between them. Consequently the spin is acquired by electrons through the need of their rearrangements in atoms. Electrons are not revolving in orbits or not behaving as waves in atoms. They can maintain their safe distance from the nucleus with adjusting their spin motions which supports to the building of molecules, compounds and solid materials by atoms.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Atom, spin, levitation, asymmetric electric force, apparent force, magnetic force

  References
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  [2] J. J. Thomson, “On the Structure of the Atom,” Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Vo.7, pp.237-265, 1904.
  [3] E. Rutherford, “The Scattering of ?- and ?-Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom,” Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Vol.21, pp.669-688, 1911.
  [4] N. Bohr, “On the Theory of the Decrease of Velocity of Moving Electrified Particles on passing through Matter,” Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Vol.25, pp.10-31, 1913.
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  [6] N. Bohr, “On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules, Part II,” Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Vol.26, pp.476-502, 1913.
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  [10] G. H. Jadhav, “On Electric Field Produced by a Steady Current of Magnetic Monopoles,” Proceedings of ESA Annual Meeting on Electrostatics, USA, pp.1-6, 2011.
  [11] G. H. Jadhav, “On True Face of Magnetic Field,” Advanced Materials Research, Vol.433-440, pp.272-280, 2012.

  Citation
  G.H. Jadhav, "On Spin Atomic Model," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.6, pp.1-6, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Numerical Simulation of Blinking Quantum dot Based on Intensity Dependence 3-Dimensional Levy Random Walk

  A. Sharma

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp.7-11, Dec-2021

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  Blinking statistics of quantum dot has gained more attention from past few years. In this regard, many experiments were conducted and various theories have been proposed to explain this phenomenon. However, this is still a gray area and need to investigate blinking statistics of quantum dot (QD). In the present work, the blinking statistics of quantum dot has been simulated by Monte Carlo algorithms based on the random walk model. Our finding shows that experimental result could be explained by three-dimensional Levy random walk model if we apply suitable bias, the bias being the Columbic interaction between electrons and ionized atoms. The power law parameter is fitted for different light intensity and tried to match with the experimental results.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Blinking statistics of quantum dot, Monte Carlo Simulation, Levy random walk model

  References
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  [12] F. Cichos, C. von Borczyskowski, M. Orrit, “Power-law intermittency of single emitters”, Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, Vol. 12, pp. 272, 2007.
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  [14] M. Ye and P.C. Searson; “The origin of the grey state and power law statistics”, Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 84 pp. 125317, 2011.
  [15] Al. L. Efros and M. Rosen, “Random telegraph signal in the photoluminescence intensity of a single quantum dot”, Phys. Rev. Let. Vol. 78, pp. 1110, 1997.
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  [19] A. Sharma and M. N. Bapat, “Numerical Simulation of Blinking Quantum dot Based on Temperature Dependence 3-Dimensional Levy Random Walk” J. Nano-Electron phy., Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 888-893, 2011.
  [20] A. Sharma, “Numerical Investigation of Random Laser based on Lucky photon model” International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences (ISROSET). Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp. 01-04, 2021.

  Citation
  A. Sharma, "Numerical Simulation of Blinking Quantum dot Based on Intensity Dependence 3-Dimensional Levy Random Walk," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.6, pp.7-11, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Study of Stabilizing a Wormhole with Negative Casimir Effect of Fermion

  Arupjyoti Pathak

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp.12-18, Dec-2021

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  Abstract
  This work presents a review on making a traversable wormhole with the help of the negative Casimir effect produced by fermions. According to Morris-Thorn traversable wormhole conditions, we need negative mass-energy density to stabilize a wormhole. So we are creating this local negative energy density with the interaction of fermions with two magnetically charged Blackhole. This interaction produced negative Casimir-like energy. This local negative energy density can be used to stabilize a wormhole and make it traversable.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Negative mass-energy, Traversable Wormhole, etc.

  References
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  Citation
  Arupjyoti Pathak, "Study of Stabilizing a Wormhole with Negative Casimir Effect of Fermion," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.6, pp.12-18, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  An Equation for Generalized Variable Mass Systems and Its Consequences

  Sagar Kumar Biswal

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp.19-22, Dec-2021

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  In classical mechanics, Newton’s second law of motion can precisely describe any nonrelativistic system, but it becomes a little confusing when the mass of a system varies throughout the time of consideration. There are many equations to deal with such systems, which are derived separately from Newton’s laws. But there can be a single equation, which can deal with all variable mass systems directly. In this article, such a master equation or generalized equation has been derived and its consequences are discussed in detail.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Variable mass system, Rocket equation, Meshchersky equation, Tsiolkovsky formula

  References
  [1] D. Kleppner and R. Kolenkow, An introduction to mechanics. Cambridge University Press, pp. 133-139. 2014.
  [2] J. Wolny and R. Strzalka, “Momentum in the dynamics of variable-mass systems: classical and relativistic case,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.03609, 2018.
  [3] J. Peraire and S. Widnall, “Lecture l14-variable mass systems: The rocket equation,” Dynamics, 2008.

  Citation
  Sagar Kumar Biswal, "An Equation for Generalized Variable Mass Systems and Its Consequences," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.6, pp.19-22, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Growth, thermal, dielectric, linear and nonlinear optical studies of a novel organic single crystal: 2-Amino-5-Chloropyridinium 4-hydroxybenzoate for photonics and nonlinear optical devices

  J. Aarthy, M. Suriya, K. Sakthi Murugesan, B. Milton Boaz

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp.23-32, Dec-2021

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  This article deals with the growth and characterization of 2-Amino-5-Chloropyridinium-4-hydroxybenzoate crystals by slow evaporation technique using methanol as solvent. The structural analysis infers the formation of title crystal in to monoclinic system. The various modes of vibrations are detected with suitable FT-IR and FT-Raman peaks. The cut off wavelength of 311 nm and rapid increase in transmission across the visible region assured the transparent nature of the crystal beyond UV region. Further, the broad ultraviolet emission peak centered at 373 nm observed in the photoluminescence analysis strengthen the emission characteristics. In terms of thermal stability, the crystal is stable up to 126 °C with ? 10% weight loss and then degrades rapidly. The dielectric parameters depict the usual behavior of the crystal for optical materials. The high work- hardening coefficient 2.38 justifies that the crystal belongs to soft material type. The nonlinear optical characteristics are examined by Z-Scan analysis with an excitation source of 532 nm.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Crystal growth, Optical absorption, Thermal analysis, Dielectric measurement, Z-scan studies

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  [49] Vesta. C, Uthrakumar. R, Varghese. B, Mary Navis Priya. S and Jerome Das. S, “Growth, structural investigation and characterization on novel organic NLO single crystal: Tri- nitrophenol para hydroxyacetophe”, J. Cryst. Growth, Vol. 311, Issue. 6, pp. 1516-1520, 1999.
  [50] Zhou. YS, Wang. EB, Peng. J, Liu. J,Hu. C, Huang. R and You. X, “Synthesis and the third- order optical nonlinearities of two novel charge-transfer complexes of a heteropoly blue type (C9H7No)4 H7PMO12O40.3H20 (C9H7No = quinolin-8-ol)’ and (phen)3 H7PMo12 O40. CH3 CH.H2O (phen = 1, 10- phenanthroline)”, Polyhedran, Vol. 18, Issue. 10, pp. 1419-1423, 1999.

  Citation
  J. Aarthy, M. Suriya, K. Sakthi Murugesan, B. Milton Boaz, "Growth, thermal, dielectric, linear and nonlinear optical studies of a novel organic single crystal: 2-Amino-5-Chloropyridinium 4-hydroxybenzoate for photonics and nonlinear optical devices," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.6, pp.23-32, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Assessment of Integrity and Reliability of Weld Joints in Steel Structure to Attain Sustainability in Infrastructure Manufacturing

  A. Rahim, M.A. Habib

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp.33-36, Dec-2021

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  Abstract
  The quality of weld is dependent on various parameters including welding method, amount and concentration of energy input, weldability of the base material, filler and flux material, design of the joint and the interactions between all these factors. Different types of welding defects e.g., cracks, slag inclusion, gas inclusions (porosity), non-metallic inclusions, lack of fusion, incomplete penetration, lamellar tearing, overlap and undercut may be induced during welding process. These defects may promote the failure of the component and lead to unexpected incidents and accidents. To ensure the quality of weld, nondestructive testing (NDT) methods are commonly used. The entire volume of the weld joints was scanned using ultrasonic shear wave transducer to assess the integrity of the weld as well as the quality of steel structure. In this study, 84 butt weld joints of carbon steel made from varying thickness sheets were investigated and among them 13 joints were rejected. Total examined weld length was 19.6 m and the amount of defects in this tested length was 907 mm. In this work, it was found that 15.5% of the total number of joints contains defect and in terms of length the amount of defect was approximately 4.6% of the total inspected length. The aim of this study is to improve reliability of Ultrasonic Testing method to identify discontinuities and defects in weld joints in steel structure to reduce the risk of structural incidents and accidents. This will help to attain sustainability in both the steel structure manufacturing industry and infrastructure manufactured from steel.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Weldability, Weld defects, Nondestructive testing, Steel structure, Ultrasonic testing

  References
  [1] Daniel J. Thomas, Analyzing the Failure of Welded Steel Components in Construction Systems, J Fail. Anal. and Preven, Vol.18, pp. 304–314, 2018.
  [2] Guidebook for the Fabrication of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Test Specimens, Training Course Series No. 13, International Atomic Energy Agency, 2001.
  [3] Training Guidelines in Non-destructive Testing Techniques, Manual for Ultrasonic Testing at Level 2, International Atomic Energy Agency, 2018.
  [4] Rimantas Didžiokas , Jolanta Januteniene & Jurgita Jonaityte, The impact of the internal welding defects on the joint strength, Transport, Vol. 23(3), pp. 240–244, 2008.
  [5] Bohá?ik Michal, Mi?ian Miloš, Ko?ár Radoslav, Hlavatý Ivo, Ultrasonic testing of butt weld joint by TOFD technique, Manufacturing Technology,Vol. 17(6), pp. 842-847, 2017.
  [6] M. Srinivasulu, Dr. Venkata Ramesh Mamilla, Dr. G. Lakshmi Narayana Rao, Development of Ultrasonic Nondestructive Procedure for Testing of Welded Components, JECET, Sec. C, Vol. 5(3), pp. 370-376, 2016.
  [7] AWS D 1.1/D1.1M:2015, An American National Standard, Structural Welding Code-Steel, American Welding Society, 2015

  Citation
  A. Rahim, M.A. Habib, "Assessment of Integrity and Reliability of Weld Joints in Steel Structure to Attain Sustainability in Infrastructure Manufacturing," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.6, pp.33-36, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Climatic Response to Solar Activities and Galactic Cosmic Ray in Southern Nigeria from 2010 to 2019

  U.I. Chibuogwu, T.N. Obiekezie, K.C. Chidiobi, B.A. Ibenchenjo, S.C. Onyejemeni, O. Nwachukwu, H.I. Ikeri

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp.37-43, Dec-2021

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  Abstract
  This study investigate the climatic response to solar activities and galactic cosmic ray in Awka Southern Nigeria. The climatic parameters and the solar activities indicators spans from 2010 to 2019 and they include Maximum Temperature, Minimum Temperature, Relative Humidity and Rainfall for the climatic parameter while the solar indicator includes Sunspots Number, F10.7cm solar flux and Galactic Cosmic Ray. The data obtained where analyzed using statistical methods. The result shows that the temperature parameters relates positively to solar activities and negatively to the galactic cosmic rays while rainfall relate positively to galactic cosmic rays and negatively to solar activities

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Solar Activities, Climatic Parameters, Solar Indicators, and Galactic Cosmic Rays

  References
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  Citation
  U.I. Chibuogwu, T.N. Obiekezie, K.C. Chidiobi, B.A. Ibenchenjo, S.C. Onyejemeni, O. Nwachukwu, H.I. Ikeri, "Climatic Response to Solar Activities and Galactic Cosmic Ray in Southern Nigeria from 2010 to 2019," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.6, pp.37-43, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Superposition model analysis for Cr3+ ions at orthorhombic sites in Sr3Ga2Ge4O14

  R. Kripal, L. C. Shukla

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp.44-48, Dec-2021

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  Abstract
  Using superposition model (SPM) the zero field splitting (ZFS) parameters (ZFSPs) and crystal field parameters (CFPs) are found. Two substitutional sites at Ga3+ and one structural vacancy site, for Cr3+ ion in Sr3Ga2Ge4O14 (SGG) crystal together with distortion model are employed. The calculated ZFSPs agree well with the experimental values. The optical energy bands for Cr3+ in SGG are obtained using CFPs determined from SPM. The results show that Cr3+ ions introduce SGG lattice at Ga3+ sites.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Superposition model; Crystal field and zero-field splitting Hamiltonians; Optical spectroscopy; Cr3+ ions in Sr3Ga2Ge4O14 (SGG).

  References
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  Citation
  R. Kripal, L. C. Shukla, "Superposition model analysis for Cr3+ ions at orthorhombic sites in Sr3Ga2Ge4O14," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.6, pp.44-48, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Structural Characterization and Luminescence Properties of Ca2MgSi2O7 (CMS) Phosphor

  S. Sharma, S.K. Dubey, A.K. Diwakar, Sanjay Pandey

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp.49-53, Dec-2021

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  Abstract
  Ca2MgSi2O7 (CMS) phosphor was successfully synthesized via traditional solid-state reaction technique. In order to find out the phase purity and crystal structure, characterization of the prepared powder samples was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The results of the XRD studies obtained for this phosphor revealed its tetragonal, akermanite structure with a space group P¯421m. It is observed that the XRD pattern matched well with JCPDS file No. 77-1149. The average crystallite size (D) is calculated as 26.33nm and lattice strain as 0.29. SEM images reveal that the surface morphology of the particles was not uniform and they aggregated tightly with each other. The actual formation and identification of the functional group of phosphor was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The host CMS phosphor shows very poor PL emission intensity obtained in blue region at 462 nm wavelength and CIE chromaticity diagram displays the purple-blue light color emission of this phosphor. In this research paper, the XRD, SEM, FTIR and Photoluminescence (PL) properties as well as CIE chromaticity diagram of this phosphor are also reported.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Photoluminescence (PL), CIE Chromaticity Diagram, XRD, FTIR, Ca2MgSi2O7, Akermanite, Solid-State Reaction.

  References
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  Citation
  S. Sharma, S.K. Dubey, A.K. Diwakar, Sanjay Pandey, "Structural Characterization and Luminescence Properties of Ca2MgSi2O7 (CMS) Phosphor," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.6, pp.49-53, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  The responses of Climatic parameters and their Effects on solar indicators in Nigeria

  I.U Chibuogwu, T.N Obiekezie

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp.54-65, Dec-2021

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  This investigation focused on solar forcing on climatic parameters in Nigeria and their effects. The daily meteorological data for five climatic parameters; Minimum Temperature (MIT), Maximum Temperature (MAT), Relative Humidity (RH), Vapour Pressure (VP), and Rainfall (RNF) obtained from Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET) and two solar parameters Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) and F10.7 cm solar radio flux (F10) from sorceTM were graphically represented and were modeled using a proposed linear multivariate model and the empirical coefficient determined by applying least square fittings. The validity of the model was tested using the statistical indicator; Mean Bias Error (MBE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The result shows that there is a considerable forcing on climatic parameters in Nigeria with relative humidity receiving the lowest percentage of forcing and rainfall having the greater percentage of solar forcing and that there is a direct forcing on temperature and an inverse force on precipitation.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Sunspot Number, Solar Irradiance, Radiative forcing, Rainfall, Minimum, and Maximum Temperature, Relative Humidity

  References
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  Citation
  I.U Chibuogwu, T.N Obiekezie, "The responses of Climatic parameters and their Effects on solar indicators in Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.6, pp.54-65, 2021