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• Open Access   Article

  Mass Increase with Reduction in Strong and Gravitational Potentials, and Mass Defect with Increase in Absolute of Electromagnetic Potential

  Hany Ali Hussein

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp.1-9, Apr-2024

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  Abstract
  The proposal is “mass increases due to a reduction in strong or gravitational potential, while it decreases due to increase in the absolute of electromagnetic potential”. This proposal explains the big difference in mass between hadrons (protons, neutrons, & mesons) and their components (quarks), mass difference between nucleus and its individual components (protons and neutrons), massless of gamma photons, abnormal masses of mesons and bosons, and the excess in galaxy masses (dark matter).

  Key-Words / Index Term
  mass defect, dark matter, gamma photon, strong potential, gravitational potential, electromagnetic potential, quarks, mesons, bosons, deuterium.

  References
  [1] M. Tanabashi, “Review of Particle Physics,” Physical Review, Vol.98,Issue.3,030001,2018.https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.98.030001
  [2] D. Bodanis, “E=mc2: A Biography of the world’s Most Famous Equation,” Bloomsbury Publishing, United States. ISBN: 978-0-8027-1821-1.
  [3] H. Yukawa, "On the interaction of elementary particles," Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, Vol.1, pp.1-10, 1955. https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.1.1
  [4] P.A. Zyla, “Review of Particle Physics,” Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Vol.2020, Issue.8, 2020. 083C01. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptaa104
  [5] S.H. Dhobi, “Nature of Masses Formed During Pair Production Reaction,” journal of physics and chemistry of materials, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.01-04, 2020.
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  Citation
  Hany Ali Hussein, "Mass Increase with Reduction in Strong and Gravitational Potentials, and Mass Defect with Increase in Absolute of Electromagnetic Potential," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.12, Issue.2, pp.1-9, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Influence of Walnut Shell Dopant on the Properties of Walnut Doped-PbS Thin Film Crystals Grown by Sol-gel Technique

  Achilefu Blessing Chinyere, Okpala Uchechukwu Vincent, Nwori Augustine Nwode

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp.10-17, Apr-2024

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  Thin film crystals of walnut doped-lead sulfide (walnut/PbS) have been successfully grown using the Sol-gel method and characterized for device applications in this report. Lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2), thiourea, sodium silicate, tartaric acid [HOOC(CHOH)2COOH] and locally prepared grinded walnut back cover/shell were the precursors used for the synthesis of the crystal films. The structural and optical properties of the films were investigated via x-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectrophotometry techniques respectively while the FT-IR technique was used to determine the functional group compositions of the films. The results of the characterisations indicated that the optical properties of the films like the absorbance, reflectance and refractive are quite high and are influenced by walnut doping. The bandgap energy of the films is in the range of 1.51 eV to 1.92 eV., which is strategic for many electronic and optoelectronic device applications. The XRD analysis showed that the grown crystals are crystalline in nature and crystal parameters such as grain size are11.87 nm, 13.08 nm, 14.75 nm and 36.77 nm for un-doped, 1 drop, 2 drops, 3 drops walnut-doped PbS films respectively. The dislocation density of the films decreased as the number of walnut dopants drops increased which suggest improvement in the structure of the films. The FT-IR results indicated that the grown crystals composed mostly the N-H, O-H (alcohol stretching) and C-H (alkane stretching bond) functional groups. These properties exhibited by the grown films position them for many opto-electronics applications including infrared detectors, solar cells, photodetectors devices, waveguide and optical fiber device applications.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Lead-sulfide, Bandgap, Walnut, Detectors, Solar Cells, Sol-gel, Doping.

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  Citation
  Achilefu Blessing Chinyere, Okpala Uchechukwu Vincent, Nwori Augustine Nwode, "Influence of Walnut Shell Dopant on the Properties of Walnut Doped-PbS Thin Film Crystals Grown by Sol-gel Technique," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.12, Issue.2, pp.10-17, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  MHD Jeffrey Hybrid NANOFLUID Flow with Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5) and Thermal Radiation Squeezed Between Two Parallel Plates

  A.G. Madaki, A.A. Hussaini, Philemon Lare

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp.18-25, Apr-2024

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  this work exposes the properties of the transmission of heat and mass in Jefferies nanofluids that are hybrid over the squeezing plates that travel across a porous material, as well as the nature of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) fluid flow. The influence of thermal radiation parameters together with other pertinent parameters are studied. Suitable similarity transformation is applied to the system of dimensionless equations to discretize them. Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5) dispersions are deliberated in the base fluid. Validation of this research is achieved by relating to published results. Graphs and tables discuss the momentum, and temperature, with Nusselt number and concentration profiles. The graphical results show that the temperature profile elevates with S < 0, S > 0, Ha, Ec and Rd, while it drops for De and ?. The Nusselt number profile had increased with an increase in Pr, while it decreased with an increase in the thermal radiation parameter Rd. While Ha and ? increase fluid flow concentration while lowering the mass exchange rate, they have a major negative effect on the thermal radiation parameter Rd.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid, MHD, Squeeze flow, Thermal radiation, Chemical reaction

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  Citation
  A.G. Madaki, A.A. Hussaini, Philemon Lare, "MHD Jeffrey Hybrid NANOFLUID Flow with Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5) and Thermal Radiation Squeezed Between Two Parallel Plates," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.12, Issue.2, pp.18-25, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Characterization and Wet Chemical Synthesis of Magnesium Tartrate Nano Particles

  U.M. Lathiya, M.J. Joshi, P.M. Vyas

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp.26-33, Apr-2024

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  Abstract
  Magnesium tartrate is having application in purgative and food supplement formulations. Magnesium tartrate nanoparticles are obtained by employing the wet chemical method. Aqueous solutions of MgCl2, tartaric acid, and sodium metasilicate (SMS) solutions are added together in the presence of Triton X-100 surfactant in the desired manner. The SMS helps in the formation of magnesium tartrate products. The powder XRD analysis indicates the orthorhombic nature of the magnesium tartrate nano-particles with the 40.35 nm average crystallite size from Scherrer`s method and 10.90 nm from the W-H (Williamson-Hall) method. The particle size and the morphology of nano-particles are studied by using TEM. The FTIR spectrum confirms the functional groups, viz., C-H, O-H, and C=O in the sample. TGA indicates the thermal stability up to 213o C and then decomposition occurs via different stages. The dielectric analysis is reported on the pellet form of the sample within the range of frequency from 10 Hz to 10 MHz and temperature from 303K to 363K. The variation in both dielectric constant and dielectric loss along with the frequency of applied field suggests decreasing nature in the values as the frequency increases. However, the reverse trend is displayed for the A.C. conductivity with increasing frequency. Various parameters are evaluated from Jonscher’s power law and the CBH (Correlated Barrier Hopping) model for A.C. conductivity is suggested from the analysis.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Magnesium tartrate nanoparticles, powder XRD, TEM, FTIR, TGA, Dielectric Properties.

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  Citation
  U.M. Lathiya, M.J. Joshi, P.M. Vyas, "Characterization and Wet Chemical Synthesis of Magnesium Tartrate Nano Particles," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.12, Issue.2, pp.26-33, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  A Brief Review in the Fifth State of Matter (Bose-Einstein Condensation States)

  S.K. Parida

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp.34-38, Apr-2024

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

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  Citation

  Abstract
  In this review, the fifth state of the matter is discussed. There are five states of the matter; solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensation state (BECs). The fifth state of the matter is called Bose-Einstein condensation state. It is a low temperature state of Bose gases. First observations of the exotic state of matter in an ultracold vapor of rubidium atoms were made in the 1920s by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein. On June 5, 1995, Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman conducted an experimental observation of the first gaseous condensate at Boulder NIST-JILA lab, University of Colorado, when rubidium atoms cooled to 170 nanokelvins. Wolfgang Ketterle used sodium atoms to observe BECs experimentally at MIT in the United States at the end of the same year. These three distinguished scientists share the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics. Then, both theoretical and experimental scientists have used BECs as the beginning point to produce different exotic states of matter like super-solids, superfluidity, excitonic, quantum ball lightning, and fluids exhibiting negative mass.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Plasma; Bose-Einstein condensation state; Bose gases; rubidium atoms; sodium atoms; superfluidity

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  Citation
  S.K. Parida, "A Brief Review in the Fifth State of Matter (Bose-Einstein Condensation States)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.12, Issue.2, pp.34-38, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  A Review: Recent Advancement in Graphene Based Titanium Oxide, Manganese Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites as Electrode Material For Supercapacitor

  K.D. Jagtap, R.V. Barde, K.R. Nemade

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp.39-46, Apr-2024

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  Modern times have seen an increase in the use of non-renewable fossil fuels for energy, raising grave concerns for the survival of humankind worldwide. Building an environmentally friendly, reasonably priced, reliable, and renewable energy storage system is therefore essential. Supercapacitors are a promising energy technology because of their superior cycle stability, better power density, and quick charge and discharge times. Supercapacitors have been identified as one of the most promising energy storage technologies among other systems. The materials used for the electrodes are crucial in enhancing the supercapacitor`s accuracy in terms of capacitance, power, and energy density. The composition of the electrode materials and the kinds of electrolyte in particular control the capacitors` electrical and thermal characteristics. In this mini reviews paper, we overview on graphene based titanium oxide, manganese oxide and zinc oxide nanocomposites as an electrode material for supercapacitors.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Supercapacitors, Graphene, titanium oxide, manganese oxide and zinc oxide and nanocomposites.

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  Citation
  K.D. Jagtap, R.V. Barde, K.R. Nemade, "A Review: Recent Advancement in Graphene Based Titanium Oxide, Manganese Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites as Electrode Material For Supercapacitor," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.12, Issue.2, pp.39-46, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Application of Schwartz Christoffel Transformation as a Conformal Map in Solving Some Physical Problems

  Ismaila Omeiza Ibrahim, Manjak Nibron Haggai, Kwami Adamu Mohammed

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp.47-54, Apr-2024

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  Abstract
  This research work was purely on conformal mapping method. Existence of Schwarz-Christoffel transformation was briefly discussed and a lightning conductor was modelled as an illustration by the boundary-value problem in which the potential u is equal to zero at x = 0 which satisfies Laplace’s equation in the half-space x > 0 and u to be bounded at infinity and the solution is bounded at . Another illustration which showed, the cross section of two metallic conductors the lower conductor is of infinite extent which lies on the real axis and at infinity . The other conductor is semi-infinite in length and extends from . We also find the streamlines and equipotentials for this situation and obtained the voltage everywhere in space and we plot the equipotentials and electric flux lines, in which the charge tends to be concentrated at the edge of the upper plate. Furthermore, all the results were visualized with the aid of MATLAB, electric field is then directed downward, from the higher to the lower potential, and has magnitude equal to the voltage difference between the plates.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  conformal map, Schwarz-Christoffel transformation, Boundary value problem, laplace equation, stream lines, equipotentials, electric flux lines, lightning conductor.

  References
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  Citation
  Ismaila Omeiza Ibrahim, Manjak Nibron Haggai, Kwami Adamu Mohammed, "Application of Schwartz Christoffel Transformation as a Conformal Map in Solving Some Physical Problems," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.12, Issue.2, pp.47-54, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Application of the Caputo-Fabrizio Fractional Model for Investigating MHD Blood Flow in Permeable Bifurcated Arteries Subjected to an Inclined Magnetic Field: Relevance to Tumor Therapy

  Isah Abdullahi, Ali Musa

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp.55-65, Apr-2024

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  This article introduces a model employing fractional-order time derivatives to describe magneto-hydrodynamic blood flow in bifurcated arteries subjected to an inclined magnetic field. It also considers thermal radiation, heat source effects, and chemical reactions relevant to tumor treatments. The Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative framework is utilized, and the problem is tackled using Laplace transform and the method of indeterminate coefficients. Analytical expressions for blood flow velocity, temperature, and concentration are derived. Graphical simulations are performed to investigate the impacts of various parameters, such as the order of Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative, magnetic field strength, thermal radiation, chemical reaction rate, heat source intensity, and Schmidt number. The results highlight the significant influence of the fractional order parameter on blood velocity, temperature, and concentration, particularly in shorter time frames. Moreover, parameters like inclined magnetic field, heat source, and chemical reaction rates are shown to exert considerable control over arterial wall blood velocity, temperature, and concentration. These findings have important implications for biomedical engineering and pathology applications.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Caputo-Fabrizio, Bifurcated Arteries, Inclined Magnetic Field, Tumor Treatment

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  Citation
  Isah Abdullahi, Ali Musa, "Application of the Caputo-Fabrizio Fractional Model for Investigating MHD Blood Flow in Permeable Bifurcated Arteries Subjected to an Inclined Magnetic Field: Relevance to Tumor Therapy," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.12, Issue.2, pp.55-65, 2024