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• Open Access   Article

  Identification and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds of Leaves of Justicia Gendarussa Burm. F.

  G. Shamili and G. Santhi

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.145-153, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.145153

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  The present investigation has been carried out to find the phytochemicals present in Justicia gendarussa leaves extract. The leaves of Justicia gendarussa were collected from Kadukaval in January 2018 Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. The powder leaf was extracted with aqueous and 70% methanol for 24 hours and studied for FTIR, HPLC and NMR. A preliminary phytochemical testing of the leaves extract where than to identify the phytoconstiuents, which reveals that presence of tannin, saponin, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, triterpenoid, carbohydrate, anthroquinone, polyphenol, glycoside bioactive compound was isolated by column chromatography technique. The collected flavonoid fractions was purified by thin layer chromatography. FTIR, HPLC and NMR studies were carried out to find the structure of bioactive compound Quercetin. 1H- NMR and 13C – NMR that reveals the structure of flavonoids. The compound was identified as 3, 3’, 4’, 5, 7 – pentahydroxyflavanone by 1H- NMR and 13C – NMR. All these data obtained in the present investigation supported the rich source of phytochemicals preent in J.gendarussa leaves extract and therby traditional claim associated with J. gendarussa literature.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Justicia gendarussa, phytochemical, FTIR, HPLC and NMR

  References
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  Citation
  G. Shamili and G. Santhi, "Identification and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds of Leaves of Justicia Gendarussa Burm. F.," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.145-153, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Can Immunotherapy be used to Treat Ischemic Stroke?

  Okanda Ogbonda

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.154-166, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.154166

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  Abstract
  There are two kinds of stroke: ischemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke constitutes about 85% of all stroke cases. In the UK, stroke is the 4th leading cause of death. The available treatment for stroke is intravenous tissular plasminogen activator (ivtPA), but this is not a sufficient therapeutic approach. It needs to be administered 3 hours following stroke, in order to be effective. Moreover, recent findings have implicated tPA to interact with NMDA receptors resulting in noxious effects. As the population ages, more people are likely going to suffer from a stroke. Therefore, it is imperative to find novel therapies for its treatment. This study, through reviewing existing literature on stroke research, explores the possibility of treating ischemic stroke with immunotherapy. This study communicates that there are numerous immunotherapeutic targets in ischemic stroke. But, while animal studies have been very successful, most of this success has failed to translate into clinical success. Immunotherapy remains an exciting option to treat ischemic stroke, however, the best therapeutic approach still remains the administration of ivtPA.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Stroke, immunotherapy, ischemia, ischemic injury, inflammation, leukocytes, antibodies

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  Citation
  Okanda Ogbonda , "Can Immunotherapy be used to Treat Ischemic Stroke?," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.154-166, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Conspectus of Aquatic Macrophytic Flora of Jammu & Kashmir State, India

  Ayaz Bashir shah, Zafar A Reshi and Manzoor A Shah

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.167-176, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.167176

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  Abstract
  Keeping in view importance of macrophytic in aquatic ecosystems, we focused on the diversity of macrophytes in Jammu and Kashmir State, the part western Himalaya. A total of 234 macrophytic species were reported from all three regions of state after taken into consideration both primary and secondary sources. The emergent macrophytes had the highest diversity, followed by rooted floating leaf- type, submerged and free floating. The maximum numbers of macrophytic species were recorded in the Kashmir valley while as minimum of 41 species from the Ladakh region. The lakes which have been submitted to an increasing eutrophication for the past several years is overgrown mainly by the aggressive interlopers like Typha sp., Phragmites australis, Sparganium ramosum and Scirpus sp and some free floating species.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Macrophytes, emergent, submerged, eutrophication

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  Citation
  Ayaz Bashir shah, Zafar A Reshi and Manzoor A Shah, "Conspectus of Aquatic Macrophytic Flora of Jammu & Kashmir State, India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.167-176, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Regression Analysis and Docking Study of Hydroxyl Quinoline Based Compounds as Anti-Tuberculosis Therapeutic Agents

  A. K. Parmar, M. R. Patle

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.177-186, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.177186

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  Abstract
  In the drug-design process, structure activity relationship is an important tool for estimation of biological activity of the unknown compounds. In this process, the objective is development of a relationship between structural features of molecules and the property of interest i. e. biological activity. On the basis of this relationship, the biological activity can be predicted for new candidate structures. Initially, the thirty nine substituted hydroxyl quinoline molecules with known biological activities were considered as known set for regression analysis model building purpose. The properties module from Datawarrior used to calculate descriptors. Structure activity model indicates that these descriptors have significant relationships with observed bioactivity. We have observed a high relationship between experimental and predicted activity values, indicating the validation and the excellent quality of the derived model. In the present study, the new substituted hydroxyl quinoline molecules are designed, optimized and their descriptors were calculated using Datawarrior modules. Then by using the Regression analysis model, their biological activities are studied as well as inhibition studies for the 1QPQ by molecular docking method are also carried out. Thus on the basis of regression analysis study and docking study of substituted hydroxyl quinoline derivatives, we can conclude that these compounds on further studies may prove to be therapeutic agent against tuberculosis.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Structure activity, biological activity, docking, tuberculosis, descriptors

  References
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  Citation
  A. K. Parmar, M. R. Patle, "Regression Analysis and Docking Study of Hydroxyl Quinoline Based Compounds as Anti-Tuberculosis Therapeutic Agents," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.177-186, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Ameliorating Efficacy of Curcumin on Cadmium Induced Thyroid Dysfunction in Albino Rats

  S. Sharma and C. Ahuja

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.187-195, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.187195

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  Abstract
  Cadmium (Cd) is one of the hazardous heavy metals as it causes various forms of physiological and hormonal imbalances. The aim of the present study was to investigate pharmacological effects of curcumin, a derivative of Curcuma longa Linn., in the prevention of oxidative stress induced by CdCl2 on the thyroid gland of albino rats. In this study, rats were divided into 5 groups (n=5). Group 1 rats kept as control. Group 2 rats administered a single oral dose of 50mg/kg body weight of CdCl2 on day 1 and left for 30 days. Group 3 rats were given an oral dose of 150mg/kg body weight of curcumin daily for 30 days and kept as a positive control. Group 4 rats, acted as a post-treated group, administered a single oral dose of 50mg/kg body weight of CdCl2 on day 1 and 150mg/ kg body weight of curcumin daily for the next 30 days. Group 5 rats, acted as a pre-treated group, were given an oral dose of 150mg/kg body weight of curcumin daily for 30 days and 50 mg/kg body weight of CdCl2 on last day. In rats, acute CdCl2 treatment caused increased oxidative stress, decreased SOD, CAT and irregularities in normal levels of serum hormones (T3, T4, and TSH). In curcumin supplemented rats, level of Cd-induced lipid peroxidation was significantly lowered, the activity of SOD and CAT were significantly increased and improved serum hormone levels were noticed, which shows that curcumin to some degree could alleviate the toxic effects of CdCl2.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Cadmium, Curcumin, Thyroid, T3, T4, TSH, Oxidative Stress

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  Citation
  S. Sharma and C. Ahuja, "Ameliorating Efficacy of Curcumin on Cadmium Induced Thyroid Dysfunction in Albino Rats," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.187-195, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  An Ergonomic survey of Health Status of the Handloom Weavers

  Santu Durlov, Atanu Saha, Sasangbaha Mandi, Subhashis Sahu

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.196-202, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.196202

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  Abstract
  Weaving is a one of the time honored crafts in the globe. The handloom industry is mainly a rural based cottage industry, where the processes are done mainly manually. Some handloom product of West Bengal like “Sari” (a traditional Indian dress worn by females in India) appreciated worldwide. It is an extensive piece of art work exclusively done manually by the weavers. The product development encompasses a wide range of tasks such as manual sorting of raw materials, dyeing, cutting, starching and adjustment of loom, arrangement of thread and spindle insertion, etc. This study was aimed at evaluating the different health problems and socio-economic conditions of the handloom weavers. Three hundred forty (340) weavers were randomly taken from different districts of West Bengal and 108 people from the same localities and similar socio-economic background were also taken as a referent. Detailed job profile of handloom weavers was also analyzed with the help of established standard questionnaire. It was observed that all types of weavers belong to low socio-economic condition and suffered from several health problems like pain in different body parts, eye constraint, respiratory problems and many more to say.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Hand loom weavers, Ergonomics, Work related health problems, Unorganized sector

  References
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  [4]. S. Durlov, M. Sett, S. Sahu, ”Comparative study of work related musculoskeletal problems between traditional hand loom and Jacquard loom weavers” , Journal of Environmental Physiology, Vol. 7, pp.20 -28, 2015.
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  Citation
  Santu Durlov, Atanu Saha, Sasangbaha Mandi, Subhashis Sahu, "An Ergonomic survey of Health Status of the Handloom Weavers," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.196-202, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Association of AVPR1A gene microsatellites with Autism Spectrum Disorder in south Indian population

  D.Mandamkulathil, AA.Pillai, SA.Poovathinal, SK.Chengappa, A.Chandrasekar, ASN Murthy, D.Srividhy et

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.203-207, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.203207

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  Abstract
  Pharmacological studies have shown the therapeutic potential of Arginine Vasopressin Receptor (AVPR1A) for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) with socialization and communication symptoms. Present study investigated the association of promoter microsatellites (RS1 and RS3) polymorphisms of AVPR1A gene with ASDs in south Indian ethnicity. We recruited 225 subjects that constitutes of 118 ASD subjects diagnosed based on DSM-IV criteria and 107 controls, aged between 2 and 25 years of south Indian ethnicity. Case control association with RS1 allele length- 318bp, (P = 0.009); allele length- 330bp (P = 0.02); overall association with RS1 (P = 0.02) and RS3 allele length- 333bp (P = 0.002) , 335bp (P = 0.045) over all association (P = 0.002) with ASDs was found to be significant. Our results reveal that, RS1 and RS3 microsatellites of AVPR1A gene contribute to the susceptibility of ASD in south Indian ethnicity.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), AVPR1A, Allele, Microsatellites

  References
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  Citation
  D.Mandamkulathil, AA.Pillai, SA.Poovathinal, SK.Chengappa, A.Chandrasekar, ASN Murthy, D.Srividhy et, "Association of AVPR1A gene microsatellites with Autism Spectrum Disorder in south Indian population," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.203-207, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  In Vitro Conservation of Medicinally Important Climbing Shrub Maerua Arenaria Hook. F. and Thomson

  K. Thirupathi, Md. Ghani, V. Suresh, T. N. Swamy, G. Rajender, Md. Mustafa

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.208-212, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.208212

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  Abstract
  Caper family belongs to the order Brassicales comprises various important medicinal plants distributed in tropical countries. Maerua is the second largest genera in this family. Maerua arenaria is a wild climbing shrub having high medicinal value, due to over exploitation it becomes threatened. In vitro propagation technique has been adopted for conserving the valuable medicinal plant by using plant growth regulators. Initially the nodal explants were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/l BAP and 2.0 mg/l NAA for axillary bud proliferation. Multiple shoots (5-6 shoots per explant) were recorded after 34 days on MS medium with 2.0 mg/l BAP and 2.0 mg/l IAA. Since the shoots are small, they were transferred on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l BAP and 2.0 mg/l GA3 for shoot elongation. These well developed elongated shoots were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l IBA for rooting. These in vitro developed plantlets were acclimatized in green house and successfully transplanted to natural condition and 78% of plants were survived.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Conservation; In vitro Propagation; MS medium; Plant growth regulators; Shoot elongation

  References
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  [12]. Moglad, E. H. O., Abdalla, O. M., Abd Algadir, H., Koko, W. S., & Saadabi, A. M, “In vitro antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Maerua oblongifolia”, Int J Med Med Sci, Vol. 1, Issue. 3, pp. 32-37, 2014.
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  Citation
  K. Thirupathi, Md. Ghani, V. Suresh, T. N. Swamy, G. Rajender, Md. Mustafa, "In Vitro Conservation of Medicinally Important Climbing Shrub Maerua Arenaria Hook. F. and Thomson," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.208-212, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Nervous system and neurosecretory cells in cestoda Lytocestus vyasaei Pawar, 2011 (Caryophyllidea)

  Rajkumar T. Pawar

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.213-215, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.213215

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  Abstract
  The nervous system and neurosecretory cells of cestode Lytocestus vyasaei (Caryophyllidae) was investigated using histochemistry on the basis cytological structure. Morphologically the central nervous system consists of cephalic ganglionic mass and the lateral longitudinal nerve cords. The cephalic ganglionic mass consists of moderate number of apolar cells, unipolar cells, bipolar cells, and few multipolar cells, which are darkly stained. The bipolar cells are spindle shaped with two axons, unipolar cells are rounded with single axon and multipolar cells are with many axons with full neurosecretory material. The present findings suggest that and neurosecretory cells in nervous system may play an important integrative role of both neuronal and endocrine in the flatworm.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Lytocestus vyasaei (Cestoda), Nervous system, neurosecretory cells, Clarias batrachus etc.

  References
  [1]. Will, H. (1893): Anatomie von Caryophyllaeus mutabilis Rud. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Cestoden. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 56: 1–39
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  Citation
  Rajkumar T. Pawar, "Nervous system and neurosecretory cells in cestoda Lytocestus vyasaei Pawar, 2011 (Caryophyllidea)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.213-215, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Impact of fertilizer urea on liver histopathology of fresh water snake head, Channa punctata

  Nobonita Deb and Suchismita Das

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.216-219, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.216219

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  Abstract
  The widespread use of agrochemicals such as fertilizers in agricultural practices have been predicted to show adverse effects on fish, since bulk of the fertilizers sprayed on agricultural crops find way into water bodies. The effect of commonly used fertilizer, urea on histopathology of fresh water teleost fish Channa punctata was studied. The median lethal concentration after exposing fish to urea for 96 hours (96-h LC50) was found to be 19.75 gL-1 and for the chronic toxicity tests spanning for 28 days, sublethal concentrations of urea, viz., 1.97 g L−1 (1/10th 96-h LC50) and 9.87 g L−1 (1/2 of 96-h LC50) were considered. Accordingly, two test groups having 3 replicates with 5 fish in each one were exposed to 1.97 g L−1 and 9.87 g L−1 urea. Control in tap water without urea was simultaneously run. After 28 days of chronic exposure fish liver samples were collected, processed, stained in Hematoxylin-Eosin and observed under light microscope for histopathological alterations. The liver of control group were normal while the fish exposed to urea showed signs of hepatic alterations such as dilation of sinusoids, vacuolation and necrosis, with severity increasing with dose. This study revealed that urea, which seems innocuous, could actually induce various histopathological anomalies in fish, posing a threat to ecosystem.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Channa punctata, fish, histopathology, liver, urea

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  Citation
  Nobonita Deb and Suchismita Das, "Impact of fertilizer urea on liver histopathology of fresh water snake head, Channa punctata," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.216-219, 2019