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• Open Access   Article

  Successive Treatment of Chromium Contaminated Water by Indian Siris

  Malaya Ranjan Mahananda, Sambit Kumar Behera, Samikshya Mishra, Bidut Prava Mohanty

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp.1-9, Jun-2022

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  Abstract
  Chromium (Cr) shows hazardous effects and potential toxicity in water. A major significance lies in the exclusion of Cr (VI) from contaminated aqueous solution for a hygienic surroundings and wellbeing. Numerous methods for hazardous metal ions subtraction from an assortment of dissipated water sources embrace biosorption, chemical, membrane, electric, and photocatalytic-based treatments. This work observed the significance of utilizing an inexpensive bio-adsorbent Albizia lebbeck (Indian Siris) in Chromium contaminated waters. The batch experiment showed the impact of preliminary Cr (VI) concentration, adsorbent quantity, pH, temperature, contact time, and mixing speed on the biosorption of chromium (Cr) by the seed of Indian Siris. Langmuir`s adsorption isotherm and Freundlich`s isotherm model examined the effectiveness of organic and inorganic compounds on various adsorbents at equilibrium. Batch investigations were performed for material removal by adsorbents and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for heavy metal analysis. The adsorbed amount showed the difference between the initial and final concentrations of the Chromium ion in an aqueous solution (mg/L). The biosorption capability was pH-dependent and increased with a boost in the initial concentration of adsorbate. During the early stages, the metal-binding rate with the biomass was more predominant, which gradually decreased and became steady after equilibrium. The high availability of Indian Siris (seed) behaves as a suitable adsorbent in removing the Cr metal under different conditions.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Biosorption, adsorption isotherm, Albizia lebbeck, industrial waste, batch experiment, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

  References
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  Citation
  Malaya Ranjan Mahananda, Sambit Kumar Behera, Samikshya Mishra, Bidut Prava Mohanty, "Successive Treatment of Chromium Contaminated Water by Indian Siris," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.3, pp.1-9, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Impact of Oocytes with Morphological Abnormalities on Blastocyst Formation Rate

  Bharvi Patel, Jayesh Amin, Paresh Makwana, Himani Suthar, Jayaram C.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp.10-15, Jun-2022

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  Abstract
  Objective: Aim of the study is to evaluate the intracytoplasmic and extracytoplasmic abnormalities of the human oocytes and their influence on potential embryo development and blastocyst formation rate outcome. Exclusive criteria: Cycles from cryopreserved oocytes and the patient underwent agonist stimulation protocol were excluded, Severe male factor infertility (oligozoospermia<10 million/ml)Oocyte morphology was evaluated at the time of ICSI and scored according to the scoring system described by Martin-Wilding et al. The inseminated oocytes were cultured according to standard protocol. Fertilization was assessed at 17-18 hours and cleavage was assessed at 26 hours after insemination respectively. Embryo grading was done on day 5 using Gardner’s embryo grading system. Material and Methods: A Single center, prospective observational study with patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment between September 2020 to January 2021 was included. Oocytes are graded according to their maturity for all oocytes and subsequently assessed for fertilization, cleavage, and blastocyst grading. Correlation between oocyte morphology and fertilization rate, cleavage rate, and blastocyst rate assessed using appropriate statistical method using (SPSS) version 16.0. Result: A total of 50 patients and oocytes were studied, in that 371 oocytes underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with fertilization rate 78.4 %(291/371), cleavage rate 81%(236/291), and blastocyst rate 66.5%(157/236). Embryo grades were A-37.5%, B-50.9 %, and C-11.% oocyte morphology was not predictive of fertilization, cleavage, and blastocyst rates. Conclusion: There is no statically difference between blastocyst formation rate between morphologically normal oocytes and oocytes with morphological abnormalities like CLGC, SER, and Refractile body.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  oocyte abnormalities, ICSI, Blastocyst rate, intracytoplasmic sperm injection

  References
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  Citation
  Bharvi Patel, Jayesh Amin, Paresh Makwana, Himani Suthar, Jayaram C., "Impact of Oocytes with Morphological Abnormalities on Blastocyst Formation Rate," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.3, pp.10-15, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Shelf Life and Accelerated Stability Studies of Porvac®, a Marker Subunit Vaccine Against Classical Swine Fever

  Y. Sordo-Puga, T. Sardina-González, I. Sosa-Testé, P. Naranjo-Valdéz, M.P. Rodríguez-Moltó, E. Santana-Rodríguez, M. Vargas-Hernández, M.K. Méndez-Orta, D. Pérez-Pérez, A. Oliva-Cárdenas, A. Magdariaga-Figuerola, W. Pena-Guimaraes, N. González-Fernández, E. Bover-Fuentes, R. Segura-Silva, C.A. Duarte, M.F. Suárez-Pedroso

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp.16-24, Jun-2022

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  Abstract
  Porvac® subunit vaccine, based on the chimeric E2-CD14 antigen, induces a very early protective immune response against classical swine fever. It is an attractive alternative for modified live vaccines (MLV) in endemic areas. One of the main advantages of subunit vaccines over MLV, especially for low-income settings, is their better thermal stability. This investigation aimed to assess both, shelf life, and accelerated stability of Porvac®. Three batches of Porvac® were stored at 2 - 8 °C for 36 months and their organoleptic properties, rheology, droplet size, the mechanical and thermal stability of the emulsion, immunogenicity, and capacity to confer protection in piglets were evaluated at different time points. A short-term accelerated stability study was also conducted by incubating three different batches at 37 °C for 7 days. Finally, a one-month accelerated stability experiment was conducted with a single vaccine batch. The vaccine maintained its organoleptic properties and droplet size up to at least 36 and 24 months, respectively. The emulsion was mechanically and thermally stable up to at least 9 months, and its rheological parameters remained below the acceptance limits for up to at least 24 months. All vaccinated swine developed neutralizing antibody titers ? 1:1000 at 28 days post-vaccination and were fully protected from the viral challenge at all the time points evaluated. In summary, Porvac® retains the capacity to induce protective neutralizing antibodies after 36 months of shell storage at 2 - 8 °C, and one month at 37 °C.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  NPLA; classical swine fever; virus, vaccine, stability, Montanide

  References
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  Citation
  Y. Sordo-Puga, T. Sardina-González, I. Sosa-Testé, P. Naranjo-Valdéz, M.P. Rodríguez-Moltó, E. Santana-Rodríguez, M. Vargas-Hernández, M.K. Méndez-Orta, D. Pérez-Pérez, A. Oliva-Cárdenas, A. Magdariaga-Figuerola, W. Pena-Guimaraes, N. González-Fernández, E. Bover-Fuentes, R. Segura-Silva, C.A. Duarte, M.F. Suárez-Pedroso, "Shelf Life and Accelerated Stability Studies of Porvac®, a Marker Subunit Vaccine Against Classical Swine Fever," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.3, pp.16-24, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Antibacterial Activity of Unbranded Antiseptic Soap Used In Hand Washing during the Covid-19

  Hassan S., Balumi Z.M., Ayuba B.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp.25-29, Jun-2022

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  Abstract
  Hand washes, if properly done with antiseptic soaps that contain the right ingredients, limit the spread of diseases. Hand wash was recommended as one of the important ways through which the spread of the Corona virus Disease (COVID-19) could be prevented. This research evaluated the Antibacterial activity of unbranded antiseptic soaps used in hand washing during the COVID-19 pandemic in some of the most affected areas of Kano state, Nigeria. Four different samples of unbranded antiseptic soap were used in this analysis and the samples were labeled as A, B, C, D, and Septol was used as a control. Palms and finger tips of students were swabbed before and after washing hands with the unbranded antiseptic soap samples. Four bacterial genera were isolated. These include Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The bacterial load formed after incubation period was used to estimate the percentage reduction in bacterial load. All the samples showed some levels of inhibition against bacterial load. However, the highest efficacy was recorded in sample C (97%), followed by samples D (70%). Sample A had 42% while the lowest percentage was recorded in sample B (35%). It could, therefore, be concluded that some of the unbranded antiseptic soap produced in the study areas were effective in hand washing.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Handwash, antibacterial effect, Covid-19, Pandemic, Unbranded, Antiseptic Soap

  References
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  [14] Para-chlorometa-xylenol and Triclosan,” Journal of Applied Microbiology, Vol. 93, pp.336-344, 2002.
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  Citation
  Hassan S., Balumi Z.M., Ayuba B., "Antibacterial Activity of Unbranded Antiseptic Soap Used In Hand Washing during the Covid-19," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.3, pp.25-29, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Recording of Hermaphroditism in Sardinella Maderensis Caught in Lattakia Marine Waters-Syria

  R.H. Alshikh Rasheed, M.Y. Galiya, Z.A. Almajid, Hussam Eddin Laika

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp.30-33, Jun-2022

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  Abstract
  Clupeid fish occupies the first place in the economic fisheries in the world, as the annual catch rate of its species has reached (11) million tons (more than 20% of the general catch of fish in the world), of which more than a thousand tons are caught annually in the Mediterranean [1] [2]. While doing our current research entitled: "Study of diet, age and growth, and determination of the concentrations of some trace elements in Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1838) fish in marine waters of Lattakia coast", after collecting about 350 sardines in the period from 20/10/2021 to 28/04/2022, and when studying the gonads and stages of sexual maturity for those individuals, we found a case of hermaphroditism in one individual of Sardinella maderensis fish, 13 cm long and 18.05 g, caught on 17/03/ 2022 using the gill net, after examining and comparing the data of our current research and with the reference data, we confirm the existence of this phenomenon among individuals of Sardinella maderensis fish in our Syrian marine environment, and it is recorded for the first time.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  hermaphroditism, Sardinella maderensis, Syrian marine waters.

  References
  [1] Organizationskan, "Food-Fishes of Atlantic ocean, Dictionary", Moscow, Agricultural publishing pp.360(in Russian), 1988.
  [2] World Health Organization. The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2018: building climate resilience for food security and nutrition. Food & Agriculture Org., 2018.?
  [3] Alka Mishra.” Histopathological changes in the the the the liver of fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) exposure in effluents of Bhilai steel plant C.G. (India)” International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.119-125, Apr-2019
  P.I.P.Whithead; N.L Bauchot; J.C.Hureau ; J. Nilsoen& E, Tortonese, "Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean".Unesco, Paris.vol II,1986
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  [7] A.Baali, H.Bourassi, S.Falah, W.Abderrazik, K.Manchih, K.Amenzoui,& A. Yahyaoui, Baali, Ayoub, et al. "Reproductive Biology of Sardinella sp.(Sardinella aurita and Sardinella maderensis) in the South of Morocco." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences: PJBS. Vol.4, Issue. 20, pp.165-178, 2017.
  [8] Gabche, C. E., & Hockey, H. U. “Growth, mortal, city and reproduction of Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1841) in the artisanal fisheries off Kribi, Cameroon”. Fisheries Research. Vol.4, Issue. 24, pp.331-334.1995.
  [9] Youmbi, J. T., Djama, T., & Gabche, C.” Reproductive patterns of Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1841) off Cameroon”. Journal of applied ichthyology, Vol.7, Issue. 1, pp.60-63,1991.
  [10] George, K. C. "A method for distinguishing the sex of the oil-sardine, Sardinella Longiceps Val. in the field." Indian Journal of Fisheries.? Vol.2, Issue. 6, pp.322-326,1959
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  Citation
  R.H. Alshikh Rasheed, M.Y. Galiya, Z.A. Almajid, Hussam Eddin Laika, "Recording of Hermaphroditism in Sardinella Maderensis Caught in Lattakia Marine Waters-Syria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.3, pp.30-33, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Comparative Study of the Supercritical Extraction on Extracts of Palm Kernel Cake and Candlenut Samples After being used

  Moftah Massaud Ben Nama, Saleh Ali Tweib, Mohamed Farag Abdalsadegh, Mohamed Alnaied

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp.34-38, Jun-2022

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  Abstract
  In this paper, the extraction of palm kernel oil from palm kernel cake and candlenut samples after being used was studied. Supercritical fluid (SC-CO2) at pressure of 7.28 MPa and temperature 31°C was examined and tested. The obtained results indicated that the increase in particle size, pressure and temperature enhanced the oil solubility. The supercritical carbon dioxide extraction at optimized parameters resulted in oil yield extraction of 46.4% at solubility of 9.6 g oil/kg CO2. The obtained candlenut oil from supercritical carbon dioxide extraction has better oil quality than oil which was extracted by Soxhlet extraction using n-hexane solvent. The oil contains high unsaturated oil (linoleic acid and linolenic acid), which have many beneficial effects on human health.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Palm kernel oil, Extraction, kernel cake, (SC-CO2).

  References
  [1] Valle, J. M. D., Uquiche, E., Zetzl, C., & Brunner, G.. Mass transfer and equilibrium parameters on high-pressure CO2 extraction of plant essential oils. In Food engineering interfaces (pp. 393-470). Springer, New York, NY. 2010.
  [2] E. Reverchon, “Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Fractionation of Essential Oils and Related Products”. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 10, pp.1-37, 1997.
  [3] Jahurul, M.H.A., Zaidul, I.S.M., Norulaini, N.A.N., Sahena, F., Jinap, S., Azmir, J., Sharif, K.M. and Omar, A.M., Cocoa butter fats and possibilities of substitution in food products concerning cocoa varieties, alternative sources, extraction methods, composition, and characteristics. Journal of Food engineering, 117(4), pp.467-476, 2013.
  [4] Ahmed, R., Haq, M., Cho, Y. J., & Chun, B. S. Quality evaluation of oil recovered from by-products of bigeye tuna using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 17(4), 663-672, 2017.
  [5] Tan, Chin-Ping, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi. "The physicochemical properties of palm oil and its components." Palm oil. AOCS Press, pp.377-391. 2012.
  [6] Zhang, Z., Song, J., Lee, W.J., Xie, X. and Wang, Y., Characterization of enzymatically interesterified palm oil-based fats and its potential application as cocoa butter substitute. Food Chemistry, 318, p.126518. 2020.
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  [8] N. Norulaini, Moftah M Ben Nama, Sawsan S. Al Rawi, Ahmad H.Ibrahim, Mohd Omar Ab Kadir, Comparison of nutritional composition between palm kernel fiber and the effect of the supercritical fluid extraction on its quality, Procedia Food Science of Elsevier. Volume 1, , pp. 1940-1945. 2011.
  [9] S.O. Oguche, "Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Sunflower Seed Oil", International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemical Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.5, pp.1-3, 2021
  [10] Ong, P. W., I. Maizura, M. Marhalil, N. Rajanaidu, N. A. P. Abdullah, M. Y. Rafii, L. C. L. Ooi, E. T. L. Low, and R. Singh. "Association of SNP markers with height increment in MPOB-Angolan natural oil palm populations." J Oil Palm Res 30, no. 1: pp.61-70, 2018.
  [11] Teh SS, Mah SH, Lau HL, Teng KT, Loganathan R. Antioxidant Potential of Red Palm-Pressed Mesocarp Olein. Journal of Oleo Science.:ess21147. 2021.
  [12] Aasim, Muhammad, Allah Bakhsh, Muhammed Sameeullah, Mehmet Karata?, and Khalid Mahmood Khawar. "Aquatic plants as human food." In Global perspectives on underutilized crops, pp. 165-187. Springer, Cham, 2018.
  [13] A. Hassan, A. Ali Redha, Z. Adel, "Extraction, Antioxidant Activity and Characterization of Essential Oils of Different Spices", International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemical Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.21-29, 2020
  [14] Vandeponseele, Alexandre, et al. "Subcritical water and supercritical carbon dioxide: Efficient and selective eco-compatible solvents for coffee and coffee by-products valorization." Green Chemistry 22.24: pp.8544-8571, 2020.

  Citation
  Moftah Massaud Ben Nama, Saleh Ali Tweib, Mohamed Farag Abdalsadegh, Mohamed Alnaied, "Comparative Study of the Supercritical Extraction on Extracts of Palm Kernel Cake and Candlenut Samples After being used," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.3, pp.34-38, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Fungicide Activity of New Complexes for Fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina

  Abeer Mahmood, Amira Al-Shaheen

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp.39-44, Jun-2022

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  Abstract
  This work includes the preparation and diagnosis of nine complexes which prepared interaction copper chlorides ,cobalt, nickel, and cobalt nitrate beside Schiff base salts obtain from N- dimethyl benzaldehyde with numerous amino acids like glycine and L-serine. we found that metal ions consistence to complexes as bidentate manner, condensation occurred via azomethine nitrogen with carboxylic oxygen atoms. Analytical data showed that all cobalt complexes1,2,3 having an octahedral geometries with the formula [Co(Bx)(H2O)2(NO3)] , Bx= (NaBg or NaBph), nickel complexes4,5,6,7 having tetrahedral geometries with the following formulas ; [Ni(Bz)(H2O)2]Cl ,where: Bz =(NaBg or NaBph or NaBs or Bt and [Co(By)(H2O)2]Cl ,where By =( NaBs or NaBt), while copper complexes8,9 having square planer geometries [Cu(Bz)(H2O)2]Cl, Moreover , Schiff base complexes elevated for antifungal activity in Vitro against three types of important pathogenic fungi namely :Fusarium solani,Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani. All complexes gave significant inhibition against these pathogens especially4,8,9 complexes . The inhibition percentage of complex 9 with concentrate 100ppm against R solani,. F.solani was100%,99,3% and 75ppm had the same antifungal activity against R .solani and F.solani. 100% -93.9% respectively Moreover the percent inhibition increase to 64.7% with complex 8 at concentration 75ppm against M..phaseolina.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  antifungal activity, Schiff base complexes

  References
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  Citation
  Abeer Mahmood, Amira Al-Shaheen, "Fungicide Activity of New Complexes for Fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.3, pp.39-44, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Effect of Postharvest Treatments on the Nutritional Composition and Phytochemical Content of Fluted Pumpkin (Talfairia Occidentalis) Leaf

  Jasper O.G. Elechi, Sunday Bala, Rimancwe A. Nzuta, Darius A. Lanki, Ejwafo Ezekiel

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp.45-53, Jun-2022

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

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  Citation

  Abstract
  The effect of two different drying techniques (Sun drying at ambient temperature for 2 days, and oven drying at 65oC for 4 hours, on the proximate, mineral composition, vitamin content and ant-nutrients of fluted pumpkin leaf were studied. The results obtained showed that oven drying technique had higher protein (21.75%), moisture (82.25%) and Ash (6.50). High levels of vitamins A (17.25mg/100), B1 (2.35 mg/100g), and B2 (2.17mg/100g) content were observed in sun-drying of fluted pumpkin leaf. Low levels of P (156.25 mg/100g), Na (405.45 mg/100g) and K (178.40 mg/100g), were observed in the sun-drying. Oven-dried fluted pumpkin leaf showed significant lower level of anti-nutrients contents of Tanins (1.34 mg/100g), saponin (61.35 mg/100g), oxalate (70.20 mg/100g), phyates (1.12 mg/100g) and Trpsin (22.50 mg/100g) and microbial count of total plate count (2.4 x 102 Cfu/g) and Yeast/Mold (1.4 x 101 Cfu/g). This work showed that oven-drying of fluted pumpkin could be the best method of preserving it without compromising on its quality.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Postharvest, Vegetables, Bioactive compounds, Health-Promoting, Preservation, Food System

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  Citation
  Jasper O.G. Elechi, Sunday Bala, Rimancwe A. Nzuta, Darius A. Lanki, Ejwafo Ezekiel, "Effect of Postharvest Treatments on the Nutritional Composition and Phytochemical Content of Fluted Pumpkin (Talfairia Occidentalis) Leaf," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.3, pp.45-53, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Antimicrobial Activity of Indian Tea (Camellia Sinensis) Against Some Pathogenic Bacteria

  Sudhir Kumar Jain, Neelam Maida, Akhilesh Kumar Pandey

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp.54-56, Jun-2022

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  Every morning starts with a cup of tea and this tea lead to freshness in mouth and body. Even every guest came to the house is welcomed by a cup of tea. From ancient time, biological activity of tea is well documented by the above-mentioned effects of tea on body. Present studies were deals with, antibacterial activity of tea, against various pathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial activity of Indian tea preparation (Kadha) was studied. Antibacterial activity of green and black tea extracts was accessed by standard microbiological methods to validate traditional use of tea (Camellia sinensis) as an antibacterial agent.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Antimicrobial, Camellia sinensis

  References
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  Citation
  Sudhir Kumar Jain, Neelam Maida, Akhilesh Kumar Pandey, "Antimicrobial Activity of Indian Tea (Camellia Sinensis) Against Some Pathogenic Bacteria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.3, pp.54-56, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Resistance Profile and Plasmid Characteristics in MDR Escherichia Coli Isolates from Patients with Gut and Urinary Tract Infections in Lafia, Nigeria

  Olukayode Olugbenga OROLE, Enoh Chongs MANTU, Jebes Lamini NGOLO, Najaatu HADI SHEHU

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp.57-61, Jun-2022

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  Abstract
  Escherichia coli is a prevalent microorganism responsible for gastrointestinal (GIT) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients attending health facilities all over the world. The study determined the plasmids profile of multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. coli from urine and fecal samples. Of the 300 samples analyzed using microbiological techniques, E. coli identified were screened for antibiotic susceptibility, and the plasmid DNA of resistant isolates was extracted and amplified on PCR. Obtained E. coli were mostly resistant to ampicillin (79.2%) in stool and 82.0% in urine samples while imipenem had the best activity against the bacterium 18.0% (urine) and 9.4% in stool samples. Fifteen resistance patterns were obtained from the different classes of antibiotics tested against E. coli from the stool and 14 from the urine samples. Isolates U15 and U16 had 3 plasmids each 7000, 4200, 2500, 10000, 3500, and 2000 respectively to make them resistant isolates with the highest number. The study concluded that E. coli from fecal and urine samples of patients presenting infections of gastrointestinal and urinary tracts in Lafia, Nigeria contains plasmid DNA responsible for the multi-drug resistance.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Antibiotics, genes, infections, plasmid, virulence

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  Citation
  Olukayode Olugbenga OROLE, Enoh Chongs MANTU, Jebes Lamini NGOLO, Najaatu HADI SHEHU, "Resistance Profile and Plasmid Characteristics in MDR Escherichia Coli Isolates from Patients with Gut and Urinary Tract Infections in Lafia, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.3, pp.57-61, 2022