Volume-8 , Issue-3 , Sep 2020, ISSN 2321-905X Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Empirical Study on Mobile Number Recycling in Indian Scenario

  K.S. Srinivas, M. Satya Prasad

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.1-7, Sep-2020

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Having a mobile number/s by an individual or an entity is as common as having a name to a person /an entity. Basing on utilization levels, having new mobile connections as well as discarding existing one/s is a general practice. Once discarded (Ex: disconnected or permanently closed) mobile numbers will be provided as new connections after certain prescribed periods basing on the demand for new connections and availability of fresh/new mobile numbering resources by the Telecom Service Provider. At this point of juncture, a special observation that calls/messages belong to the earlier user/s of that number is being received by a new user of that mobile number. In this article, a survey among mobile users studied the experience, expectation as well as awareness about the re-cycling of mobile numbers and listed the findings/results with few logical suggestions/s in the Indian scenario.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Re-use (or) Re-Cycling (or) Re-Allotment (or) Re-assignment of mobile phone numbers, Telecom Numbering Resources

  References
  [1] D. ?amilovi? “Data Mining & CRM in Telecommunications “Serbian Journal of Management 3 (1) 61 – 72, 2008.
  [2] P. K. Paul, P. S. Aithalm “Information Assurance and IT Management: The Key Issues, Solutions in Indian Scenario based on International Trends”, published in World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.12-17, October 2019. E-ISSN: 2321-905X.
  [3] Amrita Das “Impact of Mobile on Rural Life – An Empirical Study in Purba Medinipur, West Bengal “published in A Journal of Composition Theory, ISSN: 0731-6755, Volume XII Issue VIII AUGUST 2019.
  [4] Zakaria I. Saleh and Ahmad Mashhour “Consumer Attitude towards M-Commerce: The Perceived Level of Security and the Role of Trust” , published in the Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences, ISSN 2079-8407, Vol. 5, No. 2 February 2014.
  [5] Archi Dubey and Dr. A.K. Srivastava “Impact of Service Quality on Customer Loyalty- A Study on Telecom Sector in India” published in IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 18, Issue 2. Ver. I, pp 45-55, Feb. 2016, DOI: 10.9790/487X-18214555.
  [6] Kapil Kumar “Key Challenges of Telecom Sector in India” published in International Journal Of Engineering Research And Development e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p ISSN: 2278-800X, Volume 13, Issue 9, PP.05-08, September 2017.
  [7] Suryagayathri C K, and Prof. J Shri Krishnan “A Study on the Evolution of Distribution channels of Telecom Industry in India” published in International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 16 2018, 1393-1401 ISSN: 1314-3395 (Special issue on-line version) Page No. 1393 to 1400.
  [8] Vinod Sharma and Jayant Sonwalkar “Consumer retention strategies for the telecom service industry in India: a theoretical perspective “published in Journal of Management Research and Analysis, July September 2016;3(3):110-121 (Page no. 110-121), DOI: 10.5958/2394-2770.2016.00017.X
  [9] Sannegadu Rajesh, Gunesh Raj SEETHIAH DHUVANDRANAND DOOKHONY-RAMPHUL KIRAN “Factors Influencing Customer’s Attitude towards SMS Advertisement” Studies in Business and Economics (page No.141 to 159) no. 14(2)/2019, DOI 10.2478/sbe-2019-0031.
  [10] Anand Deo, Telecom Industry in India: Evolution, Current Challenges & Future Road Map published in IMR (Indira Management Review) Volume XI, Issue I, page no. 92-117, July 2017.
  [11] Pooja Sehgal and Anurupa B. Singh “Contemporary Mobile Experience Among Bottom of Pyramid “published in the book IGI Global, (March 2019) Impacts of Mobile Use and Experience on Contemporary Society chapter (Page no. 213-225), DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7885-7.ch013.
  [12] ROTIMI TAIWO AND EBUKA IGWEBUIKE “MOBILE PHONE BEEPING” PUBLISHED IN IGI GLOBAL, EMOTION USE IN MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS :-) BOOK CHAPTER (PAGE NO. 71-81), MARCH 2015, DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-8239-9.CH006.
  [13] VIRGINIA YONKERS “MOBILE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL IDENTITY” PUBLISHED (MARCH 2015) IN IGI GLOBAL, MOBILE TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIAL IDENTITY BOOK CHAPTER (PAGE NO. 719-731), DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-8239-9.CH059.
  [14] V. Kumar & Werner Reinartz “Customer Privacy Concerns and Privacy Protective Responses”, Published as a Part of the Springer Texts in Business and Economics book series (STBE) chapter, Customer Relation Management, Page No.285-309, 17 April 2018.
  [15] Kalogeraki Stefania and Papadaki”The Impact of Mobile Phones on Teenagers` Socialization and Emancipation” Marina published in Encyclopedia of Mobile Phone Behavior (Pages 12-24), March 2015, DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-8239-9.ch002.
  [16] Prachi Jain, Paridhi Jain, and Ponnurangam Kumaraguru, “Call me maybe: Understanding nature and risks of sharing mobile numbers on online social networks” Published in COSN: Proceedings of the First ACM Conference on Online Social Networks, October, Page 101-106, 2013.
  17. References through web articles/write-ups/papers:
  [17.1] Shri. Ashok Goyal, through an online portal (Nov 2019) on recycled numbers. Web article by
  [17.2] Times of India on “Second-hand phone numbers” News article, August 2013.
  [17.3] Linus Särud on the “Danger of recycled mobile numbers” Detectify Labs paper, May 2018.
  [17.4]Mr. Farshad Family, Managing Director – Media, Nielsen India paper on “Raise of Multi-SIM Users” 2012.
  [17.5]Solomon T, a digital epidemiologist writes to an on-line portal “Your Cell Phone Number is not your number”. Dec 2018
  [17.6]David Lazarus a business article about “service providers recycling cell phone numbers a dirty little secret”. 2006
  [17.7]The on-line complaint reported by an Airtel customer (March) "Problem faced due to recycling of mobile numbers", 2015.
  [17.8]An on-line news article "Wrong Number? Large Companies Are Recycling Cell Phone Numbers Now", Aug 2015
  [17.9]An article "Thinking of changing your phone number? Read this first", April 2017
  [17.10]Dialog, a Telecom Company (Sri Lanka), web-site information.
  [17.11]Synergy, an EU based telecom & networking service provider`s news article about "what happens to your old mobile number", April 2019.
  [17.12]Rebecca Burton CTVNews.ca reported suffering from recycling digits, September 2012.
  [18]Govt. of India reports.

  Citation
  K.S. Srinivas, M. Satya Prasad, "Empirical Study on Mobile Number Recycling in Indian Scenario," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.1-7, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  The Determinants of Bank Profitability: A Case of Central European Countries

  Sultonbek Uralov

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.8-16, Sep-2020

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  This paper examines the determinants of the profitability of banking systems in the Central European countries group during 1996-2017. The study uses three various indicators of bank performance, such as return on investment, return on equity and net interest margin. The regression models also provide a vast array of both internal and external factors which impact on bank profitability. The empirical findings indicate that the effects of the variables to profitability vary based on the measure of profitability. Economic growth has been shown to substantially and positively affect only return on bank assets. However, it should be stressed that inflation rate impacts strongly and favorably on all three indices of profitability. These outcomes provide new insights into what factors dictate banking system profitability.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Determinants, Profitability, Internal, External, Banking system, Generalized Method of Moment

  References
  [1] ECB, “Financial Stability Review,” European Central Bank, 2016.
  [2] A. Demirguc-Kunt, H. Huizinga, “Determinants of Commercial Bank Interest Margins and Profitability: Some International Evidence,” The World Bank Economic Review, Vol.13, Issue.2, pp.379-408, 1999.
  [3] A. García-Herrero, S. Gavilá, D. Santabárbara, “What explains the low profitability of Chinese banks?,” Journal of Banking & Finance, Vol.33, Issue.11, pp.2080-2092, 2009 .
  [4] P. Athanasoglou, S. Brissimis, M. Delis, “Bank-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability,” Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Vol.18, Issue.2, pp.121-136, 2008.
  [5] H. Khrawish, “Determinants of Commercial Banks Performance: Evidence from Jordan,” International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, Vol.81, pp. 19-45, 2011.
  [6] D. Mullineaux, “Economies of Scale and Organizational Efficiency in Banking: A Profit- Function Approach,” The Journal of Finance, Vol.33, Issue.1, pp.259, 1978.
  [7] D. Hester, J. Zoellner, J., “The Relation Between Bank Portfolios and Earnings: An Econometric Analysis,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 48, Issue.4, pp.372, 1966.
  [8] J. Duca, M. McLaughlin, “Developments affecting the profitability of commercial banks,” Federal Reserve Bulletin, pp.477-499, 1990.
  [9] S. Miller, A. Noulas, “Portfolio mix and large-bank profitability in the USA,” Applied Economics, Vol. 29, Issue.4, pp.505-512, 1997.
  [10] P. Bourke, “Concentration and other determinants of bank profitability in Europe, North America and Australia,” Journal of Banking & Finance, Vol.13, Issue.1, pp.65-79, 1989.
  [11] P. Molyneux, J. Thornton, “Determinants of European bank profitability: A note,” Journal of Banking & Finance, Vol.16, Issue.6, pp.1173-1178, 1992.
  [12] I. Asma, A. Adli, T. Noor, “Determinant of Islamic Banking Institutions` Profitability in Malaysia,” Word Applied Sciences Journal, Vol.12, 2011.
  [13] F. Sufian, M. Habibullah, “Bank specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability: Empirical evidence from the China banking sector,” Frontiers of Economics in China, Vol.4, Issue.2, pp.274-291, 2009.
  [14] M. Rahman, M. Hamid, M. Khan, “Determinants of Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh,” International Journal of Business and Management, Vol.10, Issue.8, 2015.
  [15] I. Osamwonyi, C. Michael, “The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on the Profitability of Listed Commercial Banks in Nigeria,” European Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance Research, Vol.2, Issue.10, pp.85-95, 2014.
  [16] R. Martinho, V. Oliveira, “Bank Profitability and Macroeconomic Factors,” Banco de Portugal Eurosystem, 2017.
  [17] T. Aburime, “Determinants of Bank Profitability: Macroeconomic Evidence from Nigeria,” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2008.
  [18] F. Sufian, “Determinants of Bank Profitability in a Developing Economy: Empirical Evidence from the China Banking Sector,” Journal of Asia-Pacific Business, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.281-307, 2009.
  [19] S. Heffernan, M. Fu, “The Determinants of Bank Performance in China,” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2008.
  [20] Y. Tan, C. Floros, “Bank profitability and inflation: the case of China,” Journal of Economic Studies, Vol.39, Issue.6, pp.675-696, 2012.
  [21] M. Asutay, H. Izhar, “Estimating the Profitability of Islamic Banking: Evidence from Bank Muamalat Indonesia,” Vol.11, Issue.2, pp.17-29, 2007.
  [22] V. Flamini, L. Schumacher, C. McDonald, “The Determinants of Commercial Bank Profitability in Sub-Saharan Africa,” IMF Working Papers, Vol.9, Issue.15, p.1, 2009.
  [23] J. Boyd, R. Levine, B. Smith, “The impact of inflation on financial sector performance,” Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol.47, Issue.2, pp.221-248, 2001.
  [24] O. Evans, E. Kiganda, “The Effect of Bank Specific Factors on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya,” Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, Vol.5, Issue.2, pp.2222-2855, 2014.
  [25] M. Nadeem, “The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on the Profitability of Listed Commercial Banks in Pakistan,” European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, Vol.2, Issue.9, pp.186 – 201, 2013.
  [26] P. Coccorese, “Estimating the Lerner index for the banking industry: a stochastic frontier approach,” Applied Financial Economics, Vol.24, Issue.2, pp.73-88, 2014.
  [27] Y. Tan, C. Floros, “Risk, Profitability, and Competition: Evidence from the Chinese Banking Industry,” The Journal of Developing Areas, Vol.4, Issue.3, pp.303-319, 2014.
  [28] D. Tarus, Y. Chekol, M. Mutwol, “Determinants of Net Interest Margins of Commercial Banks in Kenya: A Panel Study,” Procedia Economics and Finance, Vol.2, pp. 199 – 208, 2012.
  [29] M. ?urak, K. Poposki, S. Pepur, S., “Profitability Determinants of the Macedonian Banking Sector in Changing Environment,” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol.44, pp. 406 – 416, 2012.
  [30] A. Dietrich, G. Wanzenried, “Determinants of bank profitability before and during the crisis: Evidence from Switzerland,” Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Vol.21, Issue.3, pp.307-327, 2011.
  [31] M. Arellano, O. Bover, “Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error- components models,” Journal of Econometrics, Vol.68, Issue.1, pp.29-51, 1995.
  [32] R. Blundell, S. Bond, “Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models,” Journal of Econometrics, Vol.87, Issue.1, pp.115-143, 1998.
  [33] L. Goldberg, A. Rai, “The structure-performance relationship for European banking,” Journal of Banking & Finance, Vol.20, Issue.4, pp.745-771, 1996.
  [34] R. Vennet, “Cost and Profit Efficiency of Financial Conglomerates and Universal Banks in Europe,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, Vol.34, Issue.1, pp.254-282, 2002.
  [35] J. Maudos, J. Fernández de Guevara, “Factors explaining the interest margin in the banking sectors of the European Union. Journal of Banking & Finance, Vol.28, Issue.9, pp.2259-2281, 2004.
  [36] S. Claeys, R. Vander Vennet, “Determinants of bank interest margins in Central and Eastern Europe: A comparison with the West,” Economic Systems, Vol.32, Issue.2, pp.197-216, 2008.
  [37] P. Klein, L. Weill, “Bank Profitability and Economic Growth,” BOFIT Discussion Papers, Vol.15, 2018.
  [38] L. Tam, P. Trang, “Determinants of Bank Profitability: The Case of Commercial Banks Listed on the Vietnam’s Stock Exchange,” Journal of Business Sciences, Vol.1, Issue.2, pp.1-12, 2017.
  [39] D. Roodman, “How to do Xtabond2: An Introduction to Difference and System GMM in Stata,” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2006.
  [40] D. Hoechle, “Robust Standard Errors for Panel Regressions with Cross-Sectional Dependence,” The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.281-312, 2007.
  [41] O. Torres-Reyna, “Panel Data Analysis Fixed and Random Effects using Stata (v. 4.2),” Princeton University, pp.1-40, 2020.
  [42] B. Baltagi, “Econometric Analysis Of Panel Data,” Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2009.
  [43] C. Hsiao, “Analysis Of Panel Data,” Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  [44] A. Abba, C. Muhammad, Y. Rurumah, “The Determinants of Profitability in the Nigerian Deposit Money Banks,” World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.32-38, 2019.

  Citation
  Sultonbek Uralov, "The Determinants of Bank Profitability: A Case of Central European Countries," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.8-16, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  The Evaluation of Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Perceptions of Airport Employees

  Hanifi Sever

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.17-20, Sep-2020

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Airport operations are of great importance in terms of ensuring national and international flight security and being the outward face of countries. In addition, the quality of the service provided by the airport users is directly affected by the behavior of the employees. Situations such as lack of work, lack of emotions such as justice and belonging can change the motivation and quality of the work negatively. The aim of this study is to examine the organizational justice and organizational citizenship perceptions of employees working in airport ground services. According to the results of this research, it has been determined that the perception of organizational justice and organizational citizenship of the airport employees is high and their sub-dimensions are positively related. It is understood that organizational citizenship has a direct and strong relationship with organizational justice. In this context, it has been determined that managers who can integrate female integrate female employees into business life can be more successful.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Organizational Justice, Organizational Citizenship, Airport Ground Services

  References
  [1] S. Wood, L. Menezes, “High Commitment Management in the UK: Evidence from the Workplace Industrial Relations Survey and Employers Manpower and Skills Practices Survey”, Human Relations, Vol 51, Issue 4,pp. 485-515, 1988.
  [2] D.T. Mukonto, C. Jian, “Study on Relationship between tourism and Performance of Zimbabwean Study.” World Academics Journal of Management. Vol. 8, Issue 2, pp. 18-21, 2020.
  [3] S.Byrne, R. Cropanzano, “The History of Organizational Justice: The founder speak” In R. Cropanzano (Ed.), Justice in the workplace: From theory to practice, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate, pp. 3-26, 2001.
  [4] Greenberg, J., “Looking Fair versus being Fair: Managing Impressions of Organizational Justice”, Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 12, Issue 1, 11- 157, 1990.
  [5] R. Abraham, “Organizational Cynicism: Bases and Consequences”, Genetic Social and General Psychology Monographs, Vol. 126, Issue 3, pp. 269-292, 2000.
  [6] A. Reichers, J. Wanous, J. Austin, “Understanding and managing cynicism about organizational change”. Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 11, Issue 1, pp. 48–59, 1997.
  [7] J.B. Bies, D.L. Shapiro, “Interactional Fairness Judgments: The Influence of Causal Accounts”, Social Justice Research, Vol. 1, pp. 199-218, 1987.
  [8] T.A. Scandura, “Rethinking Leader-Member Exchange: An Organizational Justice Perspective”, Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 10, pp.25-40, 1999.
  [9] J.A. Colquitt, “On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 86, pp. 386–400, 2001
  [10] D.W. Organ, “Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Construct Clean-Up Time”, Human Performance, 10: 85-97. 1997.
  [11] D.W. Organ, “The Motivational Basis of Organizational Citizenship Behavior”, Research in Organizational Behavior, pp.43-72, 1990.
  [12] J.M. George, G.R. Jones, “Organizational Spontaneity in Context”, Human Performance. Vol. 10, pp. 153-170,1997.
  [13] P.M. Podsakoff, S.B. MacKenzie, J.B. Paine, D.G. Bachrach "Organizationals Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Reiew of the Theorical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future Research", Joumal of Management, Vol. 26, Issue 3, pp. 513-563, 2000.
  [14] B.P. Niehoff, R.H. Moorman, “Justice as a mediator of the relationship between methods of monitoring and organizational citizenship behavior”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol 36, Issue 3, 527–556, 1993.
  [15] R.H. Moorman, “Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship?”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 76, Issue 6, pp. 845–855, 1991.
  [16] ?. Büyüköztürk, “Anket Geli?tirme”. Türk E?itim Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp. 133-151, 2005.
  [17] J.B. DeConick, “The effect of organizational justice, perceived organizational support, and perceived supervisor support on marketing employees` level of trust”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 63, pp. 1349–1355, 2010.
  [18] Y. Cohen-Charash, P.E. Spector, “The role of justice in organizations: A meta-analysis”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 86, pp. 278–321, 2001.
  [19] J.H. Karriker, M.L. Williams, “Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Mediated Multifoci Model”. Journal of Management, Vol. 35, pp.112-135, 2009.

  Citation
  Hanifi Sever, "The Evaluation of Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Perceptions of Airport Employees," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.17-20, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Nurse Managers on Front Line against New Coronavirus

  Ana Luiza Ferreira Aydogdu

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.21-24, Sep-2020

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The world has been living atypical days due to the disease caused by the new coronavirus which appeared in China in late December 2019 and soon became a pandemic. Nurses are risking their lives on the frontline fighting COVID-19. Good nursing management is vital for the team to be successful. The aim of the study was to contextualize the role of nurse managers during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a narrative review, based on literature about nurse managers acting against the new coronavirus. Nurses have always taken risks when performing their duties. With the emergence of the new coronavirus disease pandemic, their working conditions became even more difficult. The nurse manager had to quickly adapt herself to ensure the nursing team’s and patients’ safety in face of an unknown and highly contagious disease. As the new coronavirus emerged, nursing management became even more important, being crucial for the control of the pandemic. Some gaps were noticed in nursing leadership, nurse managers should learn by the current crisis, being ready and preparing their team for future crises.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Coronavirus, Leadership, Nurse Managers, Nursing

  References
  [1] Johns Hopkins University. “COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE).” Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University; 2020.
  [2] L.P.S. Souza e Souza, A.G. Souza. “Enfermagem Brasileira na Linha de Frente Contra o Novo Coronavírus: Quem Cuidará de Quem Cuida?” J. nurs. Health. Vol 10, No. esp., pp.e20104005, 2020. Portuguese.
  [3] T. Lancet. “COVID-19: Protecting Health-care Workers.” Lancet. Vol. 395, Issue. 10228, pp. 922, 2020.
  [4] World Health Organization - WHO. “Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak: Rights, Roles and Responsibilities of Health Workers, Including Key Considerations for Occupational Safety and Health.” Interim guidance. Geneva: WHO; 2020.
  [5] World Health Organization - WHO. “What’s Needed Now to Protect Health Workers: WHO COVID-19 Briefing.” Geneva: WHO; 2020.
  [6] World Health Organization - WHO. “Occupational Health, Health Workers.” Geneva: WHO; n.d.
  [7] World Health Organization – WHO. “WHO and Partners Call for Urgent Investment in Nurses.” Geneva: WHO; 2020.
  [8] International Council of Nurses - ICN. “ICN Calls for Data on Healthcare Worker Infection Rates and Deaths.” Geneva: ICN; 2020.
  [9] U.T. Baykal, A.K.H. Seren. Yonetim Sureci ve Hemsirelik Hizmetlerinin Orgutlenmesi. In: U.T. Baykal, E.E. Turkmen. “Hemsirelik Hizmetleri Yonetimi.” Akademi Basin, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 107-161, 2011. Turkish.
  [10] M. Ardahan, E. Konal. Hemsirelikte Yoneticilik ve Liderlik (Management and Leadership in Nursing). Gumushane Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi (Gumushane University Journal of Health Sciences), Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 140-147, 2017. Turkish.
  [11] D.C. Bose. “Principles of Management and Administration.” New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India, pp. 1-123, 2007.
  [12] T. Koçel. Organizasyonlarda Degisim ve Yonetimi. In: T. Koçel. “Isletme Yoneticiligi.” Beta, Istanbul, Turkey, pp.. 782-808, 2015. Turkish.
  [13] N.M. Tironi, E. Bernardino, M.C.L. Haddad, M.A. Nimtz, D.G. Torres, A.M. Peres. “Assignments and Competencies of Nursing Managers: A Descriptive Exploratory Research.” braz j nurs. Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 130-139, 2017.
  [14] E.L. Wong, S.Y. Wong, N. Lee, A. Cheung, S. Griffiths. “Healthcare Workers` Duty Concerns of Working in the Isolation Ward During the Novel H1N1 Pandemic.” J Clin Nurs. Vol. 21, No. 9-10, pp.1466-1475, 2012.
  [15] H. S. Kang, Y. D. Son, S. M. Chae, C. Corte. “Working Experiences of Nurses During the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak.” International journal of nursing practice, Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. e12664, 2018.
  [16] E. Holroyd, C. McNaught. “The SARS Crisis: Reflections of Hong Kong Nurses.” Int Nurs Rev. Vol. 55, No. 1, pp.27-33, 2008.
  [17] W. Mendes-Da-Silva, “Contribuições e Limitações de Revisões Narrativas e Revisões Sistemáticas na Área de Negócios.” Revista de Administração Contemporânea, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 1-11, 2019. Portuguese.
  [18] F.K. Meneghetti. “O que é um ensaio teórico?” Revista de administração contemporânea, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 320-32, 2011. Portuguese.
  [19] E. T. Rother. “Systematic Literature Review X Narrative Review.” Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 5-6, 2007. Portuguese
  [20] Organización Internacional del Trabajo - OIT. “Cinco Formas de Proteger al Personal de Salud Durante la Crisis del COVID-19.” Geneva: OIT; 2020. Spanish.
  [21] B. A. Asaad. “The Impact of Covid-19 (Coronavirus Pandemic) on the Demand of Health Services in Syria (Analitical Study in Lattakia).” World Academics Journal of Management, Vol. 8, Issue. 2, pp. 06-11, June 2020.
  [22] N.H. Rodrigues, L.G.A. Silva. “Gestão da Pandemia Coronavírus em um Hospital: Relato de Experiência Profissional.” J. nurs. health. Vol. 10, No. esp., pp. e20104004, 2020. Portuguese.
  [23] P.I. Lee, P.R. Hsueh. “Emerging Threats From zoonotic Coronaviruses-From SARS and MERS to 2019-nCoV”. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 2020.
  [24] J. Daly, D. Jackson, R. Anders, P.M. Davidson. “Who speaks for nursing? COVID?19 highlighting gaps in leadership.” Journal of Clinical Nursing, Vol. 29, pp. 2751-2752, 2020.
  [25] D. Duncan. “What the COVID-19 pandemic tells us about the need to develop resilience in the nursing workforce.” Nursing Management, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. e1933, 2020.
  [26] World Health Organization – WHO. Mental Health and Psychosocial Considerations During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Geneva: WHO; 2020
  [27] Conselho Federal de Enfermagem – COFEN (Federal Nursing Council). “Brasil Perdeu Mais Profissionais de Enfermagem que Itália e Espanha Juntas.” Brasília: COFEN; 2020. Portuguese.

  Citation
  Ana Luiza Ferreira Aydogdu, "Nurse Managers on Front Line against New Coronavirus," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.21-24, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Is Voluntary Third-party Certification Worth It for Corporate Green Bond Issue? –An Investigation of Chinese Green Bond Market

  Shaoqian Xu, Hao Wu, Nan Zhang

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.25-30, Sep-2020

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The Chinese companies may hire a third-party agency in order to assess whether the project implemented “green” or not, when planning to issue the corporate green bond, voluntarily. Previously, the literature on third-party certification of corporate green bonds in China was mostly qualitative analysis with few empirical analysis, this article employed China`s corporate green bonds as a sample to examine the impact of third-party certification on the issuance costs of corporate green bonds. Even though it is not mandatory in the bond issuance process, as an extra cost on certification, we found that the certification can enhance the credibility of corporate green bonds and attract more responsible investors, in details, after controlling other influential factors, the issuance cost of a corporate green bond with a third party certification was significantly reduced; however, for a corporate green bond with lower credit rating, the third-party certification cannot function as a credit endorsement and reduce its issuance cost. Furthermore, it is worth noting that there are still some problems in the corporate green bond evaluation and certification business, in terms of agency management, quality of certification reports, and comparability of certification conclusions. And the relevant parties may take some measures to solve the existing problems.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Voluntary, Third-party Certification, Issue Cost, Corporate Green Bond, Green Bond Market, China

  References
  [1] Carter, R., & Manaster, S. Initial public offerings and underwriter reputation. The Journal of Finance, 45(4), pp. 1045-1067, 1990.
  [2] Chao Huang. Analysis of the impact of third-party certification on green bond issuance costs. Bonds, (4), 17, 2019.
  [3] Chen Wan. State-owned enterprises have obvious advantages in financing costs in the green bond market. Environmental economy, 3, 2018.
  [4] Chen Xia, & Xu Songtao. Research on Characteristics and Enlightenment of Foreign Sovereign Green Bonds. Financial Development Research, (1), pp. 42-47, 2018.
  [5] Chu Yiqin, “Research on the Factors Affecting the Green Bond Issuance Price.” Master’s Thesis. Zhejiang University. Hangzhou, China, 2019
  [6] Dunbar, C. G. Factors affecting investment bank initial public offering market share. Journal of Financial Economics, 55(1), pp. 3-41, 2000
  [7] Ehlers, T., & Packer, F. Green bond finance and certification. BIS Quarterly Review September, 2017
  [8] Foran, T., Resurreccion, B., Kansantisukmongkul, C., Wirutskulshai, U., Leeruttanawisut, K., & Lazarus, K. Sustainability assessment of Thailand`s electricity planning: Using section 1 of the 2009 hydropower sustainability assessment protocol. 2010
  [9] Ge Xinfeng. Third-party certification status and development suggestions of China`s green bonds. Financial Review, (8), pp. 77-82, 2017.
  [10] H. Wu, N. Zhang, “Willingness to Pay for Carbon Reduction Against Climate Change: A Social Survey in Beijing, China,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol.6, Issue.4, pp.46-50, April 2020.
  [11] H. Wu and C. Kansuntisukmongkol, “What Drives the Carbon Price? -An Empirical Analysis of Chinese Emission Trading Scheme,” presented at International Conference on Resources and Environment Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, June 5-7, 2020.
  [12] Hao Wu, “What Drives the Carbon Price? -An Empirical Analysis of Chinese Emissions Trading Schemes,” M.A. thesis, Faculty of Economics, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2020.
  [13] Hongyan Rong. International Rules and Enlightenment of Green Bond Operation Mechanism. Law, (2), pp. 124-134, 2017.
  [14] Huang Jialing, Luan Xiaoli, Liang Yang, & Cao Anni. Research on the Influencing Factors of Green Corporate Bond Financing Costs: Based on Empirical Tests of Listed Companies in China. Contemporary Economy, (9), 13. 2019.
  [15] Krishnasamy Tharsika, "Exploring the Nexus between Exchange Rate and Stock Price: A Case of Sri Lanka," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.2, pp.1-5, 2020
  [16] Liu Pengfei, “Research on the pricing of Green Bond in China.” Master’s Thesis. Shandong Agricultural University. Xi’an, China, 2019.
  [17] Sutummakid, N., Kansantisukmongkol, C., & Sukhaparamate, S. Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation in Thailand: Linkage and Implications. In the International Conference on Agriculture, Environment, Food Security and Cooperation of Countries in Asian Sub-region . 2009.
  [18] Tang, A., Chiara, N., & Taylor, J. E. Financing renewable energy infrastructure: Formulation, pricing and impact of a carbon revenue bond. Energy Policy, 45, pp. 691-703, 2012.
  [19] Warga, A., & Welch, I. Bondholder losses in leveraged buyouts. The Review of Financial Studies, 6(4), pp. 959-982, 1993.
  [20] Yu, F. Accounting transparency and the term structure of credit spreads. Journal of financial economics, 75(1), pp. 53-84. 2005.
  [21] Zhang Yan, & Shen Weiwei. Investigation and Analysis of Green Finance Development: A Case Study of Tongling City, Anhui Province. Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition), (2018 04), pp. 51-54. 2018
  [22] Zhu Jiaming, & Zhu Jingyuan. Empirical Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Green Bond Coupon Interest Rate Based on Linear Regression. Journal of Liaoning University of Chemical Technology, 39 (4), pp. 87-92, 2019.

  Citation
  Shaoqian Xu, Hao Wu, Nan Zhang, "Is Voluntary Third-party Certification Worth It for Corporate Green Bond Issue? –An Investigation of Chinese Green Bond Market," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.25-30, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  The Impact of E-Management on Organizational Performance: An Empirical Study in Tunisian Firms

  Hamadi Khlif, Jameleddine Ziadi

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.31-37, Sep-2020

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  E-management is a new approach that emerges as the rapid development of Internet and e-enterprise environment. This approach is an effective method for the company to win competitive advantages or core competence. E- Management decisions are likely to have an important and unique influence on Organizational Performance since it introduces the researcher to new theoretical approaches. Our hope is to explain the link between E-Management and Organizational Performance. E-management, which is very simplified by the IT introduction, is seen in the organization as a means for the best management. The method of structural equation was adopted to conduct our exploratory and confirmatory analysis. We study the organization’s level through a multi-case study, to look for regularities, divergences and convergences between the elements of the different studied cases. The results arising from the questionnaire sent to 155 E-managers affirm that the adoption of E-management approach influence the performance of Tunisian firms. The principal aim is to identify unresolved questions in need of future study and building a more cumulative body of knowledge that will have key implications for both theory and practice.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  E-Management, mode of management, Management, ICT deployment, Organizational Performance

  References
  [1] P. K. Paul, P. S. Aithal "Information Assurance and IT Management: The Key Issues, Solutions in Indian Scenario based on International Trends." World Academics Journal of Management Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.12-17, 2019.
  [2] J;Ziadi ,”Système d’information et TIC: une source de création d’avantages compétitifs”, Colloque international « e-masig », pp 10-25 , 2004 .
  [3] M.Kalika., « Le management est mort, vive le e-management ! », Revue française de gestion, n°129, juin-juillet-août, p. 68-74, 2000.
  [4] B.Cornet. ,” Mieux gérer votre entreprise grâce à la mise en place d`outils e-management: Méthodologies, implémentation et bénéfices pour les indépendants, TPE et PME”, Edipro, p336, 2012.
  [5] I.Reyre & M.Lippa, ”e-Management: comment la révolution numérique transforme le management”, Dunod, Paris , p.240, 2015..
  [6] J.Ziadi , “PERFORMANCE ET MESURE DE LA DÉCISION Réflexions théoriques et applications sur le cas Tunisien”, « La Revue des Sciences de Gestion » 2006/4 n°220-221 | pp 107- 118 , 2006.
  [7] M.KALIKA, “Management & TIC. 5 ans de e-management dans les entreprises”, Editions liaisons, pp.217-222, 2006.
  [8] Guozheng. H ,” E-enterprise and E-management Concept and Process. Model Research”, pp.12-25, 2007.
  [9] O.Lagree Et L. Magne ,“ e-management”, Ed. DUNOD, Paris,p198, 2001.
  [10] O.Zara,”Le management de l`intelligence collective: vers une nouvelle gouvernance”, 2e éd. – Paris : M21 Éditions p236 ,2008.
  [11] 1Mullenders A., « e-DRH : outil de gestion innovant », édition de Boeck, Bruxelles, p. 29, 2010.
  [12] A.Harfouche ,” De l`entreprise à l`entreprise virtuelle”, Proche Orient Etude en Management, Numéro 19 p. 04, 2007.
  [13] S.Brion., C.Mothe,” Innover : organiser ou manager ? “, Note de recherche n°08-21, IREGE, Université de Savoie, 2008.
  [14] R.E.Miles., C.C.Snow, and M.P.Sharfman, “Industry synergy, variety, and performance”,Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 14, pp. 163-77 , 1993.
  [15] S.R Das., S.A Zahra., W.E Warkentin, “Integrating the Content and Process of Strategic MIS Planning with Competitive Strategy”, Decision Sciences, Vol. 22, N°5, p. 953-984, 1991.
  [16] F.Bergeron, L.Raymond & S.Rivard “Ideal Patterns of Strategic Alignment and Business Performance”, Information & Management, Vol. 41, No. 8, pp. 1003-1020, 2004.
  [17] M.Germain.,”Entreprise numérique et e-management”, techniques- ingénieur, France,2015.
  [18] P.Célier,”Le E-management : principaux outils et concepts”, ENSET de Mohammedia, pp 5. 15, 2005.
  [19] M.Kalika, “Le défi du e-management”, Éditions Liaisons, p.p. 221- 236, 2003.
  [20] M.Castells,“The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture”, Volume 1. The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford, Blackwell, , p 624 , 1996.
  [21] H.Isaac,”Introduction: du management au e-management”, Université Paris dauphine, Observatoire du e-management Dauphine-Cegos, p. 111-119, 2002.
  [22] T.Houy, “Quelle Contribution des TIC à la Compétitivité de l’Economie?”, La Société de la Connaissance à l’Ere de la Vie Numérique, Livre Vert du GET, pp. 27-36, 2007.
  [23] F.Bergeron, L.Raymond,”The Contribution of Information Technology to the Bottom Line: A Contingency Perspective of Strategic Dimensions”, Proceedings of International Conference of Information Systems, pp. 167-181,1995.
  [24] T.S.HTeo, et W. R. King, “Assessing the impact of integrating business planning and IS planning”, Information and Management, 30 (6), pp.309-321,1996.
  [25] P.M. Leonardi et S.R. Barley,”Materiality and change: Challenges to building better theory about technology and organizing”, Information and Organization, Vol. 18, n° 3, p. 159-176, 2008.
  [26] K.Boissy-Rousseau , L.Laurelyne Verguet , “Des Projets Digitaux À La Transformation Digitale De L’entreprise”, Annales des Mines - Réalités industrielles ,pp 72 – 75, 2016.

  Citation
  Hamadi Khlif, Jameleddine Ziadi, "The Impact of E-Management on Organizational Performance: An Empirical Study in Tunisian Firms," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.31-37, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  The importance of using artificial intelligence models in economic forecasting during a crisis period (Using the NARX model to predict demand for hospital health services)

  Bassel Anwar Asaad

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.38-47, Sep-2020

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Modern technical models are among the important models that must be relied upon in economic sciences, which are related to mathematical sciences and technology, The most important of these models and methods are models of economic intelligence, artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic. The study aimed to use an advanced scientific model to Forecast the demand for health services provided in hospitals in Lattakia Governorate, which is the NARX model, which is a model of artificial neural networks. In addition to how to enter data, perform analysis and forecast, and how to obtain results in the said form. The study showed the accuracy of the prediction using the artificial neural networks model. Where the results of the prediction of the values reached a trustworthiness and confidence that exceeded 98% using the artificial neural networks model. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: Increased reliability of prediction for government health demand in hospitals in Lattakia governorate using the neural networks model NARX compared to traditional models used to predict the demand for health services provided in hospitals.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  health services, Demand, Crisis, Models, artificial neural networks, forecast

  References
  [1]. A.bassel,A.Mohamad,"Efficiency of Using the Artificial Intelligence Model (Fuzzy Logic) in Forecasting the Demand for the Number of Tourists (An Applied Study on Tourist Demand in the Syrian Coast Using Infis Model",Tartus University Journal of Economic Sciences,2020.
  [2]. A. H. Juma, "using artificial neural networks in detecting fundamental errors in financial statements: an empirical study", the eleventh annual scientific conference: business intelligence and economy of knowledge, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Zaitounah, Jordan, Amman, 2012.
  [3]. A. K Ali, F.G.Omar, "the use of artificial neural networks for prediction from multidimensional macroeconomic model in Iraq for the period 1996-2007", Gulf economic magazine, issue (24), 2013.
  [4]. A.H.Abbasi,"introduction to artificial neural networks and their applications in social sciences using SPSS", Institute of statistical studies and research, Cairo University, 2013.
  [5]. S.Hashim,N. Laithi," Knowledge Economy", Dar Al Safa for Publishing and Distribution, Amman,PP15, 2007.
  [6]. H.Q. Habib," Introduction to neural networks", Imam Jafar Sadeq university, Lebanon,PP3-7, 2009.
  [7]. Hair J.F.Jr.Black," Multivariate Data Analysis",7th Edition, Upper prentice Hall,PP28,2010.
  [8]. A.Mohamad,I.Ferial,"Applying Bossting algorithm in predicting data processing using frequent neural networks", Tishreen University journal, Basic Science Series, Volume 33, Issue 1,PP154-159, 2011.
  [9]. M.Dhafiri," comparing time series and neural networks in predicting the number of passengers at Kuwait Airways", Master Thesis in Applied Statistics, Suez Canal University, Egypt,PP52-60, 2008.
  [10]. F.Al-Otaibi," Using time series and neural networks in predicting standard numbers", Master Thesis, Suez Canal group, Port Said,PP74-82, 2003.
  [11]. J.Chang,"Multi-Step-a Head neural networks for flood forecasting",Hydrological sciences,Hournal,52(1),PP121-126,2007.
  [12]. D.Magdalena,A.Butoi,"Data Mining on Romanian Stock Market Using Networks for price prediction`,Information Economics, Vol 17,No3,PP127-132,2013.
  [13]. A.Pajam,A.Robereon,"Multi-Step ahead response time prediction for single server queuing Systems", Lund University,Swedden,PP4-11,2009.
  [14]. F.Saleh, A.Ibrahim," the impact of the application of artificial intelligence and emotional intelligence on the quality of decision-making," Master Thesis, University of the Middle East for Postgraduate Studies, Jordan,PP38-47, 2009.
  [15]. F.Liou,," Fraudulent Financial Reporting Detection and Business Failure prediction models", A comparison, Managerial Auditing Journal,Vol23,No7,PP650-662,2008.

  Citation
  Bassel Anwar Asaad, "The importance of using artificial intelligence models in economic forecasting during a crisis period (Using the NARX model to predict demand for hospital health services)," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.38-47, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Differences in Analysis of Individual and Consolidated Financial Statements Under IFRS – a Study from Poland

  Adam Zabor

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.48-51, Sep-2020

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The aim of the article is to indicate the differences in the analysis of the separate and consolidated financial statements prepared under IFRS. The study was based on the reports of Polish company Grupa Azoty. The article shows that there are significant differences in the analysis of the separate and consolidated statements. They mainly concern the analysis of capital connections of entities included in the capital group, the position of minority shareholders, or additional indicators. When carrying out a financial statement analysis, ignorance of the rules may lead to incorrect results and conclusions.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  financial analysis, capital group, financial statement, financial ratio, IFRS.

  References
  [1] A. Ayuba, M. Ahid, “The Impact of Global Financial Crisis on Jordan,” Int. J. Bus. Manag., vol. 7, no. 16, pp. 8–17, 2012.
  [2] R. K. Kakani, N. Ramachandran, “How to Analyze Financial Statements”, McGraw Hill Education, 2017.
  [3] M. S. Fridson, F. Alvarez, Financial Statement Analysis:
  A Practitioner’s Guide, 4th Edition, Wiley, 2011.
  [4] M. Alvarado Riquelme, J. M. Ampudia Fernández, M. Prado Román, “Análisis del impacto de las normas internacionales de contabilidad sobre el patrimonio neto y resultado de los grupos no financieros del IBEX-35,” Investig. Eur. Dir. y Econ. la Empres., vol. 15, Issue 3, pp. 149–167, 2009.
  [5] P. Hasanaj, B. Kuqi, “Analysis of Financial Statements: The Importance of Financial Indicators in Enterprise,” Humanit. Soc. Sci. Res., vol. 2, Issue 2, p.p. 9-17, 2019.
  [6] T. Dudycz, „Analiza finansowa jako narz?dzie zarz?dzania finansami przedsi?biorstwa”, Indygo Zahir Media, 2011.
  [7] J. Wartini-Twardowska, Z. Twardowski, „Systemowe uj?cie procedur analizy finansowej”, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny
  w Katowicach, 2011.
  [8] M. Gmytrasiewicz, A. Kami?ska, I. Olechowicz, „Rachunkowo?? finansowa”, Difin, 2006.
  [9] M. Strojek-Filus, „Szczególne transakcje kszta?tuj?ce warto?? zysków ca?kowitych w jednostkach grupy kapita?owej”, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach, Uniwersytet Szczeci?ski, 2012.

  Citation
  Adam Zabor, "Differences in Analysis of Individual and Consolidated Financial Statements Under IFRS – a Study from Poland," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.48-51, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Internal Audit and the Independent Review of Anti-Money laundering Compliance in Nigeria

  Usman Owolabi, Adewoye Abimbola

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.52-58, Sep-2020

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The study examined the role of “Internal Audit in the Independent Review of Anti-Money laundering (AML) Compliance in Nigeria”. Primary data sourced through administration of two hundred and forty-five (245) copies of a structured questionnaire on the staff of internal audit department / AML compliance department of sampled NDMBs and FIUs were used for this study. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) was adopted to ascertain whether regular independent AML compliance reviews are critical to the fight against money laundering. Pooled OLS was used to evaluate the extent at which enacted laws in Nigeria have discouraged money laundering tendencies among Nigerians. The results showed positive relationship between regular independent AML compliance reviews and the fight against money laundering and the extent at which enacted laws in Nigeria have discouraged money laundering tendencies among Nigerians Hence, the study concluded that there exist positive significant relationship between modeled regular independent AML compliance review and critical fight against money laundering; and the extent at which enacted laws have discouraged ML tendencies among Nigerian. It is therefore recommended that anti-money laundering compliance officers of NDMBs should monitor and enforce strict compliance with the reporting standard in relation to financial statement and other financial dealings of customers.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Money Laundering, Internal Audit, Independent Review, Compliance, AML

  References
  [1] I.O. Angel, and D.S. Demitis, “System thinking about anti-money laundering: Considering the Greek case”. Journal of money laundering control, Vol.3, Issue.8, pp. 271-284, 2005.
  [2] P. Alldridge, “Reforming the criminal law of corruption”, Criminal Law Forum, Issue.11, pp. 287-322, 2009.
  [3] Brooks, R. “London’s Dirty Laundry”, Private Eye, 23 August, 24. 2012.
  [4] L. Dekoker, “Money laundering control and suppression of financing of terrorism. Journal of financial crime,” Vol.1, Issue.13, pp. 26-50, 2006.
  [5] R. Durrieu, “Rethinking money laundering and Financing of Terrorism in International Law: Towards a new global legal order”, Martinus Nijhoff, The Netherlands, pp. 21. 2013.
  [6] E. E. Esoimeme, "A critical analysis of the effects of the Central Bank of Nigeria foreign exchange policy on financial inclusion, anti-money laundering measures and fundamental rights", Journal of Money Laundering Control, 2016.
  [7] Financial Action Task Force, "Financial task force on money laundering", The forty recommendations. Paris: FATF Secretariat, 2003.
  [8] Financial Intelligence Centre, Financial Intelligence Centre Act. Pretoria: FIC, 2001.
  [9] I. Gangul, "The third directive: Some reflections on Europe’s new AML/CFT regime", Banking and Financial Services Report, Vol. 5, Issue. 29 pp. 1-18, 2010.
  [10] D. Hopton, "Money laundering: A concise guide for all business", Hampshire: Gower, 2006.
  [11] G. Husisian, "Coping with US regulations of international conduct: Anti-money laundering and compliance", Insights, Vol.1, Issue.24, 2010.
  [12] IIA, "How effective is your AML auditing? ", BAE Systems, Surrey Research Park, Guildford Surrey, GU2 7RQ, UK, 2015.
  [13] S. Keesoony, "International anti-money laundering laws: the problems with enforcement", Journal of Money Laundering Control, Vol. 2, Issue. 19 pp. 115–189, 2016.
  [14] A.V. Leong, "Chasing dirty money: Domestic and International measures against money laundering. Journal of money laundering control", Vol. 2, Issue. 10, pp. 140-156, 2007.
  [15] C. Mathers, "Crime School: Money laundering", New York: Firefly Books, 2004.
  [16] T. Modisagae, "The role of internal audit in the independent review of anti-money laundering compliance in South Africa", M.Phil thesis, Faculty of Economics and Management Science, Pretoria, South Africa, 2014
  [17] Z. M., Mohamed, and K. Ahmad, "Investigation and prosecution of money laundering cases in Malaysia", Journal of Money Laundering Control, Vol.4, Issue, 15 pp. 421–429, 2012
  [18] A. Mills, "Essential strategies for financial services compliance", Chichester: John Wiley, 2008
  [19] A.M Olaim, and A.A. Rahman, "The impact of Jordanian antimony laundering laws on banks", Journal of Money Laundering Control, Vol.1, Issue 19, 70–78, 2016.
  [20] C. Rossiter, "Top 10 priorities for internal audit in a changing environment", Accounting and Finance, Vol. 5, Issue. 20 pp. 34-38, 2007.
  [21] B, Shanmugam, M, Nair and R, Suganthi, "Money Laundering in Malaysia", Journal of Money Laundering Control, Vol.4, Issue. 6, pp. 373–378, 2003.
  [22] Y. A. Shehu, "Promoting financial inclusion for effective anti-money laundering and counter financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) ", Journal of Crime Law Soc Change, 57, pp. 305–323, 2012
  [23] A. Simonova, "The risk-based approach to anti-money laundering: Problems and solutions", Journal of money laundering control, Vol.4, Issue. 14 pp. 346-358, 2011.
  [24] D, Sinason, C, Pacini, and H, William "The internal auditor’s role in fighting terrorist financing", Internal Auditing, pp. 11-18. 2003.

  Citation
  Usman Owolabi, Adewoye Abimbola, "Internal Audit and the Independent Review of Anti-Money laundering Compliance in Nigeria," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.52-58, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Managing Competitive Business and Leadership Strategies-A Study on Amazon.com

  Jameel Mohammed Ahmed, Shanavas Moosafintavida

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp.59-66, Sep-2020

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Amazon is the world’s biggest online retailer and is in fact a pioneer within the online retailing space. Though it begun as a web bookstore, its victory in its wander impelled it to differentiate into offering anything that can be sold online. Encourage, Amazon has moreover extended universally and presently works around the world through a combination of localized entries and globalized conveyance and coordination’s platforms. The way in which Amazon has utilized innovation as a source of competitive advantage and harvested the benefits of the economies of scale in expansion to leveraging the synergies between its inside assets and external drivers has produced numerous rivals who point to mimic and superior its commerce model. The study points to show the Amazon achievement techniques. Since the objective of the Company is to end up the most excellent place to purchase, find and discover an item or benefit available online. Amazon.com will proceed to upgrade and broaden its brand, client base and electronic commerce mastery with the objective of creating customers` favoured online shopping goal, in the Joined together States and around the world.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Amazon success Techniques, Leadership Strategies, Competitive Business

  References
  [1]. Amazon.com. Who we are, Available at: https://www.aboutamazon.com/ (Accessed: https://www.aboutamazon.com/). 2020
  [2]. Porter (1985) Competitive Advantage. Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. TheFree Press. New York. 1985
  [3]. Porter Competitive Strategy. Techniques for Analyzing Industries. The Free Press.New York, 1980.
  [4]. Zenger. T (2013) HBR, what is the theory of your firm. [Online]. Available at:https://hbr.org/2013/06/what-is-the-theory-of-your-firm, Accessed: 7 May 2018.
  [5]. Chaffey, D. (2018). Amazon.com case study – 2018 update [Online]. Available at:https://www.smartinsights.com/digital-marketing-strategy/online-business-revenuemodels/amazon-case-study/Accessed: 12 May 2018.
  [6]. Modi, T., Durkin, M. A., Kass, C., Ulin,M. Strategic Audit: Barnes &Noble, Strategic and InternationalManagement, April 20, 2000.
  [7]. CBInsights (2018). Amazon strategy teardown [Online]. Available at:https://www.cbinsights.com/research/report/amazon-strategy-teardown/Accessed:6May 2018.
  [8]. Schreiber, Z. Is logistics about to get Amazoned [Online]. Available at:https://techcrunch.com/2016/01/29/is-logistics-about-to-get-amazoned/ (Accessed:25 May 2018), 2016.
  [9]. Kim, E. KIVA robots save money for Amazon [Online]. Available at:www.businessinsider.com/kiva-robots-save-money-for-amazon-2016-6(Accessed:18 May 2018) 2016.
  [10]. Statista Amazon.com [Online]. Available at:https://www.statista.com/topics/846/amazon/ (Accessed: 22 May 2018) 2017.
  [11]. SEC (2015) Amazon.Com, Inc. [Online]. Available at:https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000101872416000172/amzn20151231x10k.htm (Accessed: 2017)
  [12]. Agarwal, A. (2014). Companies and Brands owned by Amazon.com [Online]. Available at: https://www.labnol.org/tech/amazon-owed-companies/19605/ (Accessed: 20 May2018)
  [13]. Rivet, D. (2017) Amazon `s Superior Innovation: A Study of Amazon ` s corporate structure[Online]. Available at:https://scholars.unh.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1347&context=honors(Accessed: 25 May 2018)
  [14]. Izogo E. and Ozo, J. (2015). Critical Evaluation of How Well-Placed Amazon Is to SustainIts Historical in Online Retailing [Online]. Available at:http://www.eajournals.org/wp-content/uploads/Critical-Evaluation-Of-How-WellPlaced-Amazon-Is-To-Sustain-Its-Historical-In-Online-Retailing.pdf (Accessed: 12May 2018)
  [15]. Tabares A. et al. (2015) Born Globals From the Resource-Based Theory: a Case Study in Colombia [Online]. Available at:https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27242015000200011 (Accessed: 17 May 2018)
  [16]. SCOTT MAUTZ (2019) `Amazon Shares 6 Ways It Creates a Culture of Innovation and How You Can Too Amazon is known for innovation, and now you`ll know why`, INC., 14th October, p. 1.
  [17]. Ryan Ayers (2017) `5 Things Innovative Companies Can Learn from Amazon`, Innovation Management, 7th December, p. 1.
  [18]. Statista (2020) Annual net revenue of Amazon from 2004 to 2019, Available at: https://www.statista.com/ (Accessed: 2nd August 2020).
  [19]. Statista (2020) Number of Amazon Prime members in the United States as of December 2019, Available at: https://www.statista.com/ (Accessed: 2nd August 2020).
  [20]. Krystina Gustafson (2016) `More shoppers are starting their online search on Amazon`, CNBC, 27 September, p.1.
  [21]. Ashley Carman (2018) `Amazon shipped over 5 billion items worldwide through Prime in 2017`, The VERGE, 2nd January, p. 1.
  [22]. Mark Bain (2018) `Amazon’s unruly third-party marketplace now sells more stuff than Amazon itself`, QUARTZ, 19th April, p. 1.
  [23]. Rani Molla and Jason Del Rey (2018) `A fifth of professional Amazon merchants sell more than $1 million a year — double the share from last year`, VOX, 23rd May, p. 1.
  [24]. Bass, M.B. and Riggio, R.E. (2006) Transformational Leadership [online]. 2nd ed. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [Accessed 22 October 2018].
  [25]. Keskes, Imen (2018) Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment: Mediating Role of Leader-member Exchange. Emerald insight [online]. [Accessed 21 October 2018].
  [26]. Schein, EH and Schein, P (2017) Organizational Leadership and Culture [online]. 5th ed. United Kingdom: Hoboken, New Jersey. [Accessed 27 October 2018].
  [27]. Amazon: More than 100 cities bid for new headquarters. (2017, October 19). BBC. Retrievedfrom http://www.bbc.com/news/business-41681247
  [28]. Why Amazon Is the World`s Most Innovative Company of 2017 February 13. 2017.
  [29]. Fast company. Retrieved from https://www.fastcompany.com/3067455/why-amazon-isthe-worlds-most-innovative-company-of-2017
  [30]. Jon Swartz (2020) Amazon has the right businesses to prosper during coronavirus, but spending could grow even faster, Available at: https://www.marketwatch.com/Accessed: 2nd august 2020.
  [31]. Amazon (2020) Amazon`s COVID-19 blog: updates on how we`re responding to the crisis, Available at: https://blog.aboutamazon.com/Accessed: 2nd august 2020.

  Citation
  Jameel Mohammed Ahmed, Shanavas Moosafintavida, "Managing Competitive Business and Leadership Strategies-A Study on Amazon.com," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.59-66, 2020